1 腾讯云短信开发 2 短信验证码接口 3 短信登录接口 4 短信注册接口

1 腾讯云短信开发
- 1.1 封装发送短信
2 短信验证码接口
3 短信登录接口
- 3.1 视图类
- 4.2 序列化类
4 短信注册接口

1 腾讯云短信开发

# 给手机发送短信---》第三方平台：腾讯云短信----》

# API和SDK，有sdk优先用sdk
# sdk：
	3.0版本，云操作的sdk，不仅仅有发送短信，还有云功能的其他功能
    2.0版本，简单，只有发送短信功能
    
    
    
# 安装sdk
	-方式一：pip install tencentcloud-sdk-python
    -方式二源码安装：
    	-下载源码
        -执行 python steup.py install

# 发送短信测试

1.1 封装发送短信

-libs下：
    send_sms_v3
        __init__.py
        settings.py
        sms.py
        
       
    
# __init__.py
from .sms import get_code,send_sms


# settings.py
SECRET_ID = ''
SECRET_KEY = ''
APP_ID = ''
SIGN_NAME = ''
TEMPLATE_ID = ''

# sms.py
# 生成 n 位数字验证码的函数
import random
from tencentcloud.common import credential
from tencentcloud.common.exception.tencent_cloud_sdk_exception import TencentCloudSDKException
from tencentcloud.sms.v20210111 import sms_client, models
from tencentcloud.common.profile.client_profile import ClientProfile
from tencentcloud.common.profile.http_profile import HttpProfile
from . import settings
import json


def get_code(number=4):
    code = ''
    for i in range(number):
        code += str(random.randint(0, 9))  # python 是强类型语言，不同类型运算不允许
    return code


# 发送短信函数
def send_sms(code, mobile):
    try:
        cred = credential.Credential(settings.SECRET_ID, settings.SECRET_KEY)
        httpProfile = HttpProfile()
        httpProfile.reqMethod = "POST"  # post请求(默认为post请求)
        httpProfile.reqTimeout = 30  # 请求超时时间，单位为秒(默认60秒)
        httpProfile.endpoint = "sms.tencentcloudapi.com"  # 指定接入地域域名(默认就近接入)
        clientProfile = ClientProfile()
        clientProfile.signMethod = "TC3-HMAC-SHA256"  # 指定签名算法
        clientProfile.language = "en-US"
        clientProfile.httpProfile = httpProfile
        client = sms_client.SmsClient(cred, "ap-guangzhou", clientProfile)
        req = models.SendSmsRequest()

        req.SmsSdkAppId = settings.APP_ID
        req.SignName = settings.SIGN_NAME
        req.TemplateId = settings.TEMPLATE_ID
        # 模板参数: 模板参数的个数需要与 TemplateId 对应模板的变量个数保持一致，，若无模板参数，则设置为空
        req.TemplateParamSet = [code, '1']
        # 下发手机号码，采用 E.164 标准，+[国家或地区码][手机号]
        # 示例如：+8613711112222， 其中前面有一个+号 ，86为国家码，13711112222为手机号，最多不要超过200个手机号
        req.PhoneNumberSet = ["+86" + mobile, ]
        # 用户的 session 内容（无需要可忽略）: 可以携带用户侧 ID 等上下文信息，server 会原样返回
        req.SessionContext = ""
        # 短信码号扩展号（无需要可忽略）: 默认未开通，如需开通请联系 [腾讯云短信小助手]
        req.ExtendCode = ""
        # 国际/港澳台短信 senderid（无需要可忽略）: 国内短信填空，默认未开通，如需开通请联系 [腾讯云短信小助手]
        req.SenderId = ""
        resp = client.SendSms(req)
        # 输出json格式的字符串回包
        res = json.loads(resp.to_json_string(indent=2))
        if res.get('SendStatusSet')[0].get('Code') == 'Ok':
            return True
        else:
            return False
    except TencentCloudSDKException as err:
        print(err)
        return False

2 短信验证码接口

class UserView(GenericViewSet):
    serializer_class = UserLoginSerializer
    queryset = User.objects.all().filter(is_active=True)

    
    @action(methods=['POST'], detail=False)
    def send_sms(self, request):
        try:
            mobile = request.data['mobile']
            # 生成验证码
            code = get_code()
            res = send_sms_ss(code, mobile)  # 同步发送，后期可以改成异步  后期学了celery可以加入异步 目前咱们可以使用 多线程
            if res:
                return APIResponse(msg='发送成功')
            else:
                return APIResponse(code=101, msg='发送失败')

        except Exception as e:
            raise APIException(str(e))

3 短信登录接口

# 前端---》{mobile:122334,code:8888}---->post----》
# 视图类的方法中的逻辑
	1 取出手机号和验证码
    2 校验验证码是否正确（发送验证码接口，存储验证码）
    	-session：根本不用
        -全局变量：不好，可能会取不到，集群环境中
        -缓存：django 自带缓存
        	-from django.core.cache import cache
        	-cache.set()
            -cache.get()
    3 根据手机号查询用户，如果能查到
    4 签发token
    5 返回给前端

3.1 视图类

class UserView(GenericViewSet):
    # class UserView(ViewSetMixin, GenericAPIView):
    serializer_class = UserLoginSerializer
    queryset = User.objects.all().filter(is_active=True)
    # 重写
    def get_serializer_class(self):
        if self.action == 'login_sms':
            return UserMobileLoginSerializer
        else:
            return super().get_serializer_class()



    def _login(self,request,*args, **kwargs):
        ser = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
        ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
        token = ser.context.get('token')
        username = ser.context.get('username')
        return APIResponse(token=token, username=username)

    @action(methods=['POST'], detail=False)
    def login_sms(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self._login(request)

4.2 序列化类

from .models import User
from rest_framework import serializers
import re
from rest_framework.exceptions import APIException, ValidationError
from rest_framework_jwt.settings import api_settings

jwt_payload_handler = api_settings.JWT_PAYLOAD_HANDLER
jwt_encode_handler = api_settings.JWT_ENCODE_HANDLER
from django.core.cache import cache


class BaseUserSerializer:
    def validate(self, attrs):
        user = self._get_user(attrs)
        token = self._get_token(user)
        self.context['token'] = token
        self.context['username'] = user.username
        return attrs

    def _get_user(self, attrs):
        raise Exception('你必须重写它')

    def _get_token(self, user):
        payload = jwt_payload_handler(user)
        token = jwt_encode_handler(payload)
        return token



class UserMobileLoginSerializer(BaseUserSerializer, serializers.ModelSerializer):
    code = serializers.CharField()
    mobile = serializers.CharField()

    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ['mobile', 'code']  # code 不是表的字段，要重写 ，mobile 有唯一约束，需要重写
    def _get_user(self, attrs):
        code = attrs.get('code')
        mobile = attrs.get('mobile')
        # 从缓存中取出
        old_code = cache.get('sms_code_%s' % mobile)
        if old_code and old_code == code:
            # 根据手机号，查到用户
            user = User.objects.filter(mobile=mobile).first()
            if user:
                return user
            else:
                raise APIException('用户不存在')
        else:
            raise APIException('验证码验证失败')

4 短信注册接口

# 前端---》{mobile:1888344,code:8888,password:123}--->post
# 后端  视图类

4.1 路由

# http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/user/register/   --->post 请求
router.register('register',views.RegisterUserView,'register')

4.2 视图类

class RegisterUserView(GenericViewSet, CreateModelMixin):
    queryset = User.objects.all()
    serializer_class = RegisterSerializer

    def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # 使用父类的，会触发序列化，一定要让code只写
        super().create(request, *args, **kwargs)

        # 另一种写法，不用序列化
        # serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
        # serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
        # self.perform_create(serializer)
        return APIResponse(msg='注册成功')

4.3 序列化类

class RegisterSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    # code 不是数据库字段，重写
    code = serializers.CharField(max_length=4, write_only=True)

    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ['mobile', 'code', 'password']
        extra_kwargs = {
            'password': {'write_only': True}
        }

    def validate(self, attrs):  # 全局钩子
        '''
        1 取出前端传入的code，校验code是否正确
        2 把username设置成手机号（你可以随机生成），用户名如果不传，存库进不去
        3 code 不是数据库的字段，从attrs中剔除
        '''
        mobile = attrs.get('mobile')
        code = attrs.get('code')
        old_code = cache.get('sms_code_%s' % mobile)
        if old_code and old_code == code:
            attrs['username'] = mobile
            attrs.pop('code')
        else:
            raise APIException('验证码验证失败')

        return attrs

    def create(self, validated_data):  # 一定要重写create，因为密码是明文，如果不重写，存入到数据库的也是明文
        # validated_data={username:18888,mobile:18888,password:123}
        # 创建用户
        user = User.objects.create_user(**validated_data)

        # 不要忘了return，后期，ser.data 会使用当前返回的对象做序列化
        return user