Django Rest Framework --- 视图组件

一、视图组件的作用

　　在每一个视图类中都写请求方法，并且书写请求逻辑时，这样做会大大增加开发的时间，因此我们可以对这一类利用面向对象的封装来解决。

二、手动封装视图类

• views.py

# 获取全部数据
class List:
    def list(self, request):
        query_set_list = self.query_set_list
        data_serializer = self.ser(query_set_list, many=True)
        response = {"status": 100, "message": "数据获取成功"}
        response['data'] = data_serializer.data
        return Response(response)


# 创建新数据
class Create:
    def create(self, request):
        data_serializer = self.ser(data=request.data)
        # 数据校验
        if data_serializer.is_valid():
            data_serializer.save()
            response = {"status": 100, "message": "创建用户成功", "data": data_serializer.data}
        else:
            response = {"status": 100, "message": data_serializer.errors, "data": ""}
        return Response(response)


# 获取一个数据
class GetOne:
    def get_one(self, request, pk):
        query_set_obj = self.query_set_list.filter(pk=pk).first()
        if query_set_obj:
            data_serializer = self.ser(query_set_obj, many=False)
            response = {"status": 100, "message": "获取数据成功", "data": data_serializer.data}
            return Response(response)
        else:
            response = {"status": 100, "message": "该数据不存在", "data":""}
            return Response(response)

#修改数据
class Update:
    def update(self,request,pk):
        query_set_obj = self.query_set_list.filter(pk=pk).first()
        if query_set_obj:
            data_serializer = self.ser(instance=query_set_obj,data=request.data)
            if data_serializer.is_valid():
                data_serializer.save()
                response = {"status":100,"message":"数据修改成功","data":data_serializer.data}
            else:
                response = {"status": 100, "message": data_serializer.errors, "data":""}
        else:
            response = {"status": 100, "message": "需要修改的数据不存在", "data": ""}
        return Response(response)

#删除数据
class Delete:
    def delete_by_id(self,request,pk):
        query_set_obj = self.query_set_list.filter(pk=pk).first()
        if query_set_obj:
            query_set_obj.delete()
            response = {"status": 100, "message": "数据删除成功", "data": ""}
        else:
            response = {"status": 100, "message": "需要删除的数据不存在", "data": ""}
        return Response(response)




class BooksView(List, Create, APIView):
    query_set_list = models.Book.objects.all()
    ser = BookSerializers

    def get(self, request):
        return self.list(request)

    def post(self, request):
        return self.create(request)


class BookView(GetOne,Update,Delete,APIView):
    query_set_list = models.Book.objects.all()
    ser = BookSerializers

    def get(self, request, pk):
        return self.get_one(request,pk)

    def put(self,request,pk):
        return self.update(request,pk)

    def delete(self,request,pk):
        return self.delete_by_id(request,pk)

• urls.py

from app01.views import BooksView,BookView

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^Books/$', BooksView.as_view()),
    url(r'^Books/(?P<pk>\d+)$', BookView.as_view()),
    ]

三、rest framework视图组件之mixin类和generice类编写视图

　　本质其实就是上面的封装视图的过程，在返回数据等方面有一些不同。

• views.py

from rest_framework.mixins import CreateModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,ListModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView

#查询所有数据和创建新数据的视图
class BooksView(ListModelMixin,CreateModelMixin,GenericAPIView):
    queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializers
    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        return self.list(request,*args,**kwargs)

    def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        return self.create(request,*args,**kwargs)

#查询单个数据、删除数据、修改数据的视图
class BookView(RetrieveModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,GenericAPIView):
    queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializers

    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        return self.retrieve(request,*args,**kwargs)

    def put(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        return self.update(request,*args,**kwargs)

    def delete(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        return self.destroy(request,*args,**kwargs)

四、rest framework视图组件之使用generics下ListCreateAPIView,RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIViewn编写视图

• views.py

from rest_framework.generics import ListCreateAPIView,RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView

class BooksView(ListCreateAPIView):
    queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializers

class BookView(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
    queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializers

五、rest framework视图组件之使用ModelViewSet编写视图

• views.py

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet

class BooksView(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializers

• urls.py

from app01.views import BooksView

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^Books/$', BooksView.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"})),
    url(r'^Books/(?P<pk>\d+)$', BooksView.as_view({"get":"retrieve","put":"update","delete":"destroy"})),
    ]