多态(虚构函数,抽象类)
定义抽象基类Shape,由它派生出五个派生类:Circle(圆形)、Square(正方形)、Rectangle( 长方形)、Trapezoid (梯形)和Triangle (三角形),用虚函数分别计算各种图形的面积,并求出它们的和。要求用基类指针数组。使它的每一个元素指向一个派生类的对象。PI=3.1415926
输入格式:
请在这里写输入格式。例如:输入在一行中给出9个大于0的数,用空格分隔,分别代表圆的半径,正方形的边长,矩形的宽和高,梯形的上底、下底和高,三角形的底和高。
输出格式:
请在这里描述输出格式。例如:输出所有图形的面积和,小数点后保留3位有效数字。
输入样例:
在这里给出一组输入。例如:
12.6 3.5 4.5 8.4 2.0 4.5 3.2 4.5 8.4
输出样例:
在这里给出相应的输出。例如:
total of all areas = 578.109
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Shape
{
public:
virtual double area() const=0;
};
class Circle:public Shape
{
public:
Circle(double r):radius(r)
{
}
virtual double area() const
{
return 3.14159*radius*radius;
}
protected:
double radius;
};
class Square:public Shape
{
public:
Square(double s):side(s)
{
}
virtual double area() const
{
return side*side;
}
protected:
double side;
};
class Rectangle:public Shape
{
public:
Rectangle(double w,double h):width(w),height(h)
{
}
virtual double area() const
{
return width*height;
}
protected:
double width,height;
};
class Trapezoid:public Shape
{
public:
Trapezoid(double t,double b,double h):top(t),bottom(b),height(h)
{
}
virtual double area() const
{
return 0.5*(top+bottom)*height;
}
protected:
double top,bottom,height;
};
class Triangle:public Shape
{
public:
Triangle(double w,double h):width(w),height(h)
{
}
virtual double area() const
{
return 0.5*width*height;
}
protected:
double width,height;
};
int main()
{
Circle circle(12.6);
Square square(3.5);
Rectangle rectangle(4.5,8.4);
Trapezoid trapezoid(2.0,4.5,3.2);
Triangle triangle(4.5,8.4);
Shape *pt[5]=
{
&circle,&square,&rectangle,&trapezoid,&triangle
};
double areas=0.0;
for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
{
areas=areas+pt[i]->area();
}
cout<<"total of all areas = "<<areas<<endl;
return 0;
}