实验5 C语言指针应用编程

实验任务一:

task1_1.c

源代码:

 1 #include <stdio.h>
 2 #define N 5
 3 
 4 void input(int x[], int n);
 5 void output(int x[], int n);
 6 void find_min_max(int x[], int n, int *pmin, int *pmax);
 7 
 8 int main() {
 9     int a[N];
10     int min, max;
11 
12     printf("录入%d个数据:\n", N);
13     input(a, N);
14 
15     printf("数据是: \n");
16     output(a, N);
17 
18     printf("数据处理...\n");
19     find_min_max(a, N, &min, &max);
20 
21     printf("输出结果:\n");
22     printf("min = %d, max = %d\n", min, max);
23 
24     return 0;
25 }
26 
27 void input(int x[], int n) {
28     int i;
29 
30     for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
31         scanf("%d", &x[i]);
32 }
33 
34 void output(int x[], int n) {
35     int i;
36     
37     for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
38         printf("%d ", x[i]);
39     printf("\n");
40 }
41 
42 void find_min_max(int x[], int n, int *pmin, int *pmax) {
43     int i;
44     
45     *pmin = *pmax = x[0];
46 
47     for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
48         if(x[i] < *pmin)
49             *pmin = x[i];
50         else if(x[i] > *pmax)
51             *pmax = x[i];
52 }

 运行结果:

 

问题:1.找到数组中的最大值和最小值

           2.pmin指向存储最小值的整数变量 min,pmax指向存储最大值的整数变量 max

 

 

task1_2.c

源代码:

 1 #include <stdio.h>
 2 #define N 5
 3 
 4 void input(int x[], int n);
 5 void output(int x[], int n);
 6 int *find_max(int x[], int n);
 7 
 8 int main() {
 9     int a[N];
10     int *pmax;
11 
12     printf("录入%d个数据:\n", N);
13     input(a, N);
14 
15     printf("数据是: \n");
16     output(a, N);
17 
18     printf("数据处理...\n");
19     pmax = find_max(a, N);
20 
21     printf("输出结果:\n");
22     printf("max = %d\n", *pmax);
23 
24     return 0;
25 }
26 
27 void input(int x[], int n) {
28     int i;
29 
30     for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
31         scanf("%d", &x[i]);
32 }
33 
34 void output(int x[], int n) {
35     int i;
36     
37     for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
38         printf("%d ", x[i]);
39     printf("\n");
40 }
41 
42 int *find_max(int x[], int n) {
43     int max_index = 0;
44     int i;
45 
46     for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
47         if(x[i] > x[max_index])
48             max_index = i;
49     
50     return &x[max_index];
51 }

运行结果:

 

问题:1.返回给定数据集合中的最大值

           2.不可以,find_max函数注重查找最大值并且返回,而给出的代码只输出

 

 

实验任务二:

task2_1.c

源代码:

 1 #include <stdio.h>
 2 #include <string.h>
 3 #define N 80
 4 
 5 int main() {
 6     char s1[N] = "Learning makes me happy";
 7     char s2[N] = "Learning makes me sleepy";
 8     char tmp[N];
 9 
10     printf("sizeof(s1) vs. strlen(s1): \n");
11     printf("sizeof(s1) = %d\n", sizeof(s1));
12     printf("strlen(s1) = %d\n", strlen(s1));
13 
14     printf("\nbefore swap: \n");
15     printf("s1: %s\n", s1);
16     printf("s2: %s\n", s2);
17 
18     printf("\nswapping...\n");
19     strcpy(tmp, s1);
20     strcpy(s1, s2);
21     strcpy(s2, tmp);
22 
23     printf("\nafter swap: \n");
24     printf("s1: %s\n", s1);
25     printf("s2: %s\n", s2);
26 
27     return 0;
28 }

运行结果:

问题:1.80,s1所占用字符数,s1实际字符串长度

           2.不能,字符串与数组不能相互赋值

           3.交换

 

 

task2_2.c

源代码:

 1 #include <stdio.h>
 2 #include <string.h>
 3 #define N 80
 4 
 5 int main() {
 6     char *s1 = "Learning makes me happy";
 7     char *s2 = "Learning makes me sleepy";
 8     char *tmp;
 9 
10     printf("sizeof(s1) vs. strlen(s1): \n");
11     printf("sizeof(s1) = %d\n", sizeof(s1));
12     printf("strlen(s1) = %d\n", strlen(s1));
13 
14     printf("\nbefore swap: \n");
15     printf("s1: %s\n", s1);
16     printf("s2: %s\n", s2);
17 
18     printf("\nswapping...\n");
19     tmp = s1;
20     s1 = s2;
21     s2 = tmp;
22 
23     printf("\nafter swap: \n");
24     printf("s1: %s\n", s1);
25     printf("s2: %s\n", s2);
26 
27     return 0;
28 }

运行结果:

问题:1.字符串首地址,s1地址的字符串,字符串实际长度

           2.可以,前者是将字符串赋值给数组,后者则首地址交给指针变量s1

           3.tmp和s2,没有

 

 

 

实验任务三:

task3.c:

源代码:

 1 #include <stdio.h>
 2 
 3 int main() {
 4     int x[2][4] = {{1, 9, 8, 4}, {2, 0, 4, 9}};
 5     int i, j;
 6     int *ptr1;     
 7     int(*ptr2)[4]; 
 8 
 9     printf("输出1: 使用数组名、下标直接访问二维数组元素\n");
10     for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
11         for (j = 0; j < 4; ++j)
12             printf("%d ", x[i][j]);
13         printf("\n");
14     }
15 
16     printf("\n输出2: 使用指针变量ptr1(指向元素)间接访问\n");
17     for (ptr1 = &x[0][0], i = 0; ptr1 < &x[0][0] + 8; ++ptr1, ++i) {
18         printf("%d ", *ptr1);
19 
20         if ((i + 1) % 4 == 0)
21             printf("\n");
22     }
23                          
24     printf("\n输出3: 使用指针变量ptr2(指向一维数组)间接访问\n");
25     for (ptr2 = x; ptr2 < x + 2; ++ptr2) {
26         for (j = 0; j < 4; ++j)
27             printf("%d ", *(*ptr2 + j));
28         printf("\n");
29     }
30 
31     return 0;
32 }

运行结果:

问题:1.指向数组的指针

           2.指针数组

 

 

实验任务四:

task4.c

源代码:

 1 #include <stdio.h>
 2 #define N 80
 3 
 4 void replace(char *str, char old_char, char new_char); 
 5 
 6 int main() {
 7     char text[N] = "Programming is difficult or not, it is a question.";
 8 
 9     printf("原始文本: \n");
10     printf("%s\n", text);
11 
12     replace(text, 'i', '*');
13     printf("处理后文本: \n");
14     printf("%s\n", text);
15 
16     return 0;
17 }
18 
19 void replace(char *str, char old_char, char new_char) {
20     int i;
21 
22     while(*str) {
23         if(*str == old_char)
24             *str = new_char;
25         str++;
26     }
27 }

运行结果:

问题:1.将 old_char 替换为字符 new_char

           2.可以

 

 

实验任务五:

task5.c

源代码:

 1 #include <stdio.h>
 2 #define N 80
 3 
 4 char* str_trunc(char* str, char x);
 5 
 6 int main() {
 7     char str[N];
 8     char ch;
 9     while (printf("输入字符串: "), fgets(str, N, stdin) != NULL) {
10         printf("输入一个字符: ");
11         ch = getchar();
12         getchar(); // 处理换行字符
13         printf("截断处理...\n");
14         str_trunc(str, ch); // 函数调用
15         printf("截断处理后的字符串: %s\n\n", str);
16     }
17     return 0;
18 }
19 
20 char* str_trunc(char* str, char x) {
21     char* p = str;
22     while (*p) {
23         if (*p == x) {
24             *p = '\0'; 
25             break;
26         }
27         p++;
28     }
29     return str; 
30 }

运行结果:

问题:清理输入缓冲区,确保下次读取时能得到期望的输入值(消耗换行符) 当它被移除时,换行符可能被读取,导致无法正常运行程序

 

 

实验任务六:

task6.c

源代码:

 1 #include <stdio.h>
 2 #include <string.h>
 3 #include <ctype.h>
 4 #define N 5
 5 
 6 int check_id(char* str); 
 7 
 8 int main() {
 9     char* pid[N] = {
10         "31010120000721656X",
11         "3301061996X0203301",
12         "53010220051126571",
13         "510104199211197977",
14         "53010220051126133Y"
15     };
16     int i;
17     for (i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
18         if (check_id(pid[i])) 
19             printf("%s\tTrue\n", pid[i]);
20         else
21             printf("%s\tFalse\n", pid[i]);
22     }
23     return 0;
24 }
25 
26 int check_id(char* str) {
27     int len = strlen(str);
28 
29     if (len != 18) return 0; 
30 
31     for (int i = 0; i < 17; i++) {
32         if (!isdigit(str[i])) 
33             return 0;
34     }
35 
36     if (!isxdigit(str[17]) || (str[17] == 'X' && len == 18)) {
37         return 0;
38     }
39 
40     return 1; 
41 }

运行结果:

 

 

实验任务七:

task7.c

源代码:

 1 #include <stdio.h>
 2 #define N 80
 3 
 4 void encoder(char* str, int n);
 5 void decoder(char* str, int n);
 6 
 7 int main() {
 8     char words[N];
 9     int n;
10 
11     printf("输入英文文本: ");
12     gets(words, N, stdin); 
13     printf("输入n: ");
14     scanf_s("%d", &n);
15 
16     printf("编码后的英文文本: ");
17     encoder(words, n);
18     printf("%s\n", words);
19 
20     printf("对编码后的英文文本解码: ");
21     decoder(words, n);
22     printf("%s\n", words);
23 
24     return 0;
25 }
26 
27 void encoder(char* str, int n) {
28     while (*str) {
29         if ((*str >= 'a' && *str <= 'z')) {
30             *str = ((*str - 'a' + n) % 26) + 'a'; 
31         }
32         else if ((*str >= 'A' && *str <= 'Z')) {
33             *str = ((*str - 'A' + n) % 26) + 'A'; 
34         }
35         str++;
36     }
37 }
38 
39 void decoder(char* str, int n) {
40     while (*str) {
41         if ((*str >= 'a' && *str <= 'z')) {
42             *str = ((*str - 'a' - n + 26) % 26) + 'a'; 
43         }
44         else if ((*str >= 'A' && *str <= 'Z')) {
45             *str = ((*str - 'A' - n + 26) % 26) + 'A'; 
46         }
47         str++; 
48     }
49 }

运行结果:

 

 

实验任务八:

task8.c

源代码:

 1 #include <stdio.h>
 2 #include <stdlib.h>
 3 #include <string.h>
 4 
 5 int compare(const void* a, const void* b) {
 6     return strcmp(*(const char**)a, *(const char**)b);
 7 }
 8 
 9 int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
10     if (argc < 2) {
11         printf("请输入姓名列表\n");
12         return 1;
13     }
14 
15     qsort(argv + 1, argc - 1, sizeof(char*), compare);
16 
17     for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
18         printf("hello, %s\n", argv[i]);
19     }
20 
21     return 0;
22 }

运行结果:

 

posted @ 2024-12-08 17:28  陈沫*  阅读(14)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报