实验5 C语言指针应用编程
实验任务一:
task1_1.c
源代码:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #define N 5 3 4 void input(int x[], int n); 5 void output(int x[], int n); 6 void find_min_max(int x[], int n, int *pmin, int *pmax); 7 8 int main() { 9 int a[N]; 10 int min, max; 11 12 printf("录入%d个数据:\n", N); 13 input(a, N); 14 15 printf("数据是: \n"); 16 output(a, N); 17 18 printf("数据处理...\n"); 19 find_min_max(a, N, &min, &max); 20 21 printf("输出结果:\n"); 22 printf("min = %d, max = %d\n", min, max); 23 24 return 0; 25 } 26 27 void input(int x[], int n) { 28 int i; 29 30 for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) 31 scanf("%d", &x[i]); 32 } 33 34 void output(int x[], int n) { 35 int i; 36 37 for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) 38 printf("%d ", x[i]); 39 printf("\n"); 40 } 41 42 void find_min_max(int x[], int n, int *pmin, int *pmax) { 43 int i; 44 45 *pmin = *pmax = x[0]; 46 47 for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) 48 if(x[i] < *pmin) 49 *pmin = x[i]; 50 else if(x[i] > *pmax) 51 *pmax = x[i]; 52 }
运行结果:
问题:1.找到数组中的最大值和最小值
2.pmin指向存储最小值的整数变量 min,
pmax指向存储最大值的整数变量 max
task1_2.c
源代码:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #define N 5 3 4 void input(int x[], int n); 5 void output(int x[], int n); 6 int *find_max(int x[], int n); 7 8 int main() { 9 int a[N]; 10 int *pmax; 11 12 printf("录入%d个数据:\n", N); 13 input(a, N); 14 15 printf("数据是: \n"); 16 output(a, N); 17 18 printf("数据处理...\n"); 19 pmax = find_max(a, N); 20 21 printf("输出结果:\n"); 22 printf("max = %d\n", *pmax); 23 24 return 0; 25 } 26 27 void input(int x[], int n) { 28 int i; 29 30 for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) 31 scanf("%d", &x[i]); 32 } 33 34 void output(int x[], int n) { 35 int i; 36 37 for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) 38 printf("%d ", x[i]); 39 printf("\n"); 40 } 41 42 int *find_max(int x[], int n) { 43 int max_index = 0; 44 int i; 45 46 for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) 47 if(x[i] > x[max_index]) 48 max_index = i; 49 50 return &x[max_index]; 51 }
运行结果:
问题:1.返回给定数据集合中的最大值
2.不可以,find_max函数注重查找最大值并且返回,而给出的代码只输出
实验任务二:
task2_1.c
源代码:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <string.h> 3 #define N 80 4 5 int main() { 6 char s1[N] = "Learning makes me happy"; 7 char s2[N] = "Learning makes me sleepy"; 8 char tmp[N]; 9 10 printf("sizeof(s1) vs. strlen(s1): \n"); 11 printf("sizeof(s1) = %d\n", sizeof(s1)); 12 printf("strlen(s1) = %d\n", strlen(s1)); 13 14 printf("\nbefore swap: \n"); 15 printf("s1: %s\n", s1); 16 printf("s2: %s\n", s2); 17 18 printf("\nswapping...\n"); 19 strcpy(tmp, s1); 20 strcpy(s1, s2); 21 strcpy(s2, tmp); 22 23 printf("\nafter swap: \n"); 24 printf("s1: %s\n", s1); 25 printf("s2: %s\n", s2); 26 27 return 0; 28 }
运行结果:
问题:1.80,s1所占用字符数,s1实际字符串长度
2.不能,字符串与数组不能相互赋值
3.交换
task2_2.c
源代码:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <string.h> 3 #define N 80 4 5 int main() { 6 char *s1 = "Learning makes me happy"; 7 char *s2 = "Learning makes me sleepy"; 8 char *tmp; 9 10 printf("sizeof(s1) vs. strlen(s1): \n"); 11 printf("sizeof(s1) = %d\n", sizeof(s1)); 12 printf("strlen(s1) = %d\n", strlen(s1)); 13 14 printf("\nbefore swap: \n"); 15 printf("s1: %s\n", s1); 16 printf("s2: %s\n", s2); 17 18 printf("\nswapping...\n"); 19 tmp = s1; 20 s1 = s2; 21 s2 = tmp; 22 23 printf("\nafter swap: \n"); 24 printf("s1: %s\n", s1); 25 printf("s2: %s\n", s2); 26 27 return 0; 28 }
运行结果:
问题:1.字符串首地址,s1地址的字符串,字符串实际长度
2.可以,前者是将字符串赋值给数组,后者则首地址交给指针变量s1
3.tmp和s2,没有
实验任务三:
task3.c:
源代码:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 3 int main() { 4 int x[2][4] = {{1, 9, 8, 4}, {2, 0, 4, 9}}; 5 int i, j; 6 int *ptr1; 7 int(*ptr2)[4]; 8 9 printf("输出1: 使用数组名、下标直接访问二维数组元素\n"); 10 for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) { 11 for (j = 0; j < 4; ++j) 12 printf("%d ", x[i][j]); 13 printf("\n"); 14 } 15 16 printf("\n输出2: 使用指针变量ptr1(指向元素)间接访问\n"); 17 for (ptr1 = &x[0][0], i = 0; ptr1 < &x[0][0] + 8; ++ptr1, ++i) { 18 printf("%d ", *ptr1); 19 20 if ((i + 1) % 4 == 0) 21 printf("\n"); 22 } 23 24 printf("\n输出3: 使用指针变量ptr2(指向一维数组)间接访问\n"); 25 for (ptr2 = x; ptr2 < x + 2; ++ptr2) { 26 for (j = 0; j < 4; ++j) 27 printf("%d ", *(*ptr2 + j)); 28 printf("\n"); 29 } 30 31 return 0; 32 }
运行结果:
问题:1.指向数组的指针
2.指针数组
实验任务四:
task4.c
源代码:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #define N 80 3 4 void replace(char *str, char old_char, char new_char); 5 6 int main() { 7 char text[N] = "Programming is difficult or not, it is a question."; 8 9 printf("原始文本: \n"); 10 printf("%s\n", text); 11 12 replace(text, 'i', '*'); 13 printf("处理后文本: \n"); 14 printf("%s\n", text); 15 16 return 0; 17 } 18 19 void replace(char *str, char old_char, char new_char) { 20 int i; 21 22 while(*str) { 23 if(*str == old_char) 24 *str = new_char; 25 str++; 26 } 27 }
运行结果:
问题:1.将 old_char 替换为字符 new_char
2.可以
实验任务五:
task5.c
源代码:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #define N 80 3 4 char* str_trunc(char* str, char x); 5 6 int main() { 7 char str[N]; 8 char ch; 9 while (printf("输入字符串: "), fgets(str, N, stdin) != NULL) { 10 printf("输入一个字符: "); 11 ch = getchar(); 12 getchar(); // 处理换行字符 13 printf("截断处理...\n"); 14 str_trunc(str, ch); // 函数调用 15 printf("截断处理后的字符串: %s\n\n", str); 16 } 17 return 0; 18 } 19 20 char* str_trunc(char* str, char x) { 21 char* p = str; 22 while (*p) { 23 if (*p == x) { 24 *p = '\0'; 25 break; 26 } 27 p++; 28 } 29 return str; 30 }
运行结果:
问题:清理输入缓冲区,确保下次读取时能得到期望的输入值(消耗换行符) 当它被移除时,换行符可能被读取,导致无法正常运行程序
实验任务六:
task6.c
源代码:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <string.h> 3 #include <ctype.h> 4 #define N 5 5 6 int check_id(char* str); 7 8 int main() { 9 char* pid[N] = { 10 "31010120000721656X", 11 "3301061996X0203301", 12 "53010220051126571", 13 "510104199211197977", 14 "53010220051126133Y" 15 }; 16 int i; 17 for (i = 0; i < N; ++i) { 18 if (check_id(pid[i])) 19 printf("%s\tTrue\n", pid[i]); 20 else 21 printf("%s\tFalse\n", pid[i]); 22 } 23 return 0; 24 } 25 26 int check_id(char* str) { 27 int len = strlen(str); 28 29 if (len != 18) return 0; 30 31 for (int i = 0; i < 17; i++) { 32 if (!isdigit(str[i])) 33 return 0; 34 } 35 36 if (!isxdigit(str[17]) || (str[17] == 'X' && len == 18)) { 37 return 0; 38 } 39 40 return 1; 41 }
运行结果:
实验任务七:
task7.c
源代码:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #define N 80 3 4 void encoder(char* str, int n); 5 void decoder(char* str, int n); 6 7 int main() { 8 char words[N]; 9 int n; 10 11 printf("输入英文文本: "); 12 gets(words, N, stdin); 13 printf("输入n: "); 14 scanf_s("%d", &n); 15 16 printf("编码后的英文文本: "); 17 encoder(words, n); 18 printf("%s\n", words); 19 20 printf("对编码后的英文文本解码: "); 21 decoder(words, n); 22 printf("%s\n", words); 23 24 return 0; 25 } 26 27 void encoder(char* str, int n) { 28 while (*str) { 29 if ((*str >= 'a' && *str <= 'z')) { 30 *str = ((*str - 'a' + n) % 26) + 'a'; 31 } 32 else if ((*str >= 'A' && *str <= 'Z')) { 33 *str = ((*str - 'A' + n) % 26) + 'A'; 34 } 35 str++; 36 } 37 } 38 39 void decoder(char* str, int n) { 40 while (*str) { 41 if ((*str >= 'a' && *str <= 'z')) { 42 *str = ((*str - 'a' - n + 26) % 26) + 'a'; 43 } 44 else if ((*str >= 'A' && *str <= 'Z')) { 45 *str = ((*str - 'A' - n + 26) % 26) + 'A'; 46 } 47 str++; 48 } 49 }
运行结果:
实验任务八:
task8.c
源代码:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <stdlib.h> 3 #include <string.h> 4 5 int compare(const void* a, const void* b) { 6 return strcmp(*(const char**)a, *(const char**)b); 7 } 8 9 int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { 10 if (argc < 2) { 11 printf("请输入姓名列表\n"); 12 return 1; 13 } 14 15 qsort(argv + 1, argc - 1, sizeof(char*), compare); 16 17 for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i) { 18 printf("hello, %s\n", argv[i]); 19 } 20 21 return 0; 22 }
运行结果: