把HDFS上的数据导入到Hive中
1. 首先下载测试数据,数据也可以创建
http://files.grouplens.org/datasets/movielens/ml-latest-small.zip
2. 数据类型与字段名称
movies.csv(电影元数据)
movieId,title,genres
ratings.csv(用户打分数据)
userId,movieId,rating,timestamp
3. 先把数据存放到HDFS上
hdfs dfs -mkdir /hive_operate hdfs dfs -mkdir /hive_operate/movie_table hdfs dfs -mkdir /hive_operate/rating_table hdfs dfs -put movies.csv /hive_operate/movie_table hdfs dfs -put ratings.csv /hive_operate/rating_table
4. 创建movie_table和rating_table
]$ cat create_movie_table.sql create external table movie_table ( movieId STRING, title STRING, genres STRING ) row format delimited fields terminated by ',' stored as textfile location '/hive_operate/movie_table'; ]$ cat create_rating_table.sql create external table rating_table (userId STRING, movieId STRING, rating STRING, ts STRING ) row format delimited fields terminated by ',' stored as textfile location '/hive_operate/rating_table'; 其中字段名为timestamp为hive的保留字段,执行的时候会报错,需用反引号或者修改字段名,我这边修改的字段名
5. 执行
可以通过复制命令到终端执行,也可以通过hive -f movie_table_e来创建表
6. 查看
hive> show tables; OK movie_table rating_table hive> select * from rating_table limit 10; OK 1 31 2.5 1260759144 1 1029 3.0 1260759179 1 1061 3.0 1260759182 1 1129 2.0 1260759185 1 1172 4.0 1260759205 1 1263 2.0 1260759151 1 1287 2.0 1260759187 1 1293 2.0 1260759148 1 1339 3.5 1260759125 1 1343 2.0 1260759131
7. 生成新表(行为表)
create table behavior_table as select B.userid, A.movieid, B.rating, A.title from movie_table A join rating_table B on A.movieid == B.movieid;
8. 把Hive表数据导入到本地
table->local file insert overwrite local directory '/root/hive_test/1.txt' select * from behavior_table;
9. 把Hive表数据导入到HDFS上
table->hdfs file insert overwrite directory '/root/hive_test/1.txt' select * from behavior_table;
10. 把本地数据导入到Hive表中
local file -> table LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/root/hive_test/a.txt' OVERWRITE INTO TABLE behavior_table;
11. 把HDFS上的数导入到HIve表中
hdfs file -> table LOAD DATA INPATH '/a.txt' OVERWRITE INTO TABLE behavior_table;
12.管理表与外部表互换
1)查询表的类型
hive>desc formatted behavior_table;
2)修改内部表 behavior_table 为外部表
alter table behavior_table set tblproperties('EXTERNAL'='TRUE');
3)修改外部表 behavior_table 为内部表
alter table behavior_table set tblproperties('EXTERNAL'='FALSE');
注意:('EXTERNAL'='TRUE')和('EXTERNAL'='FALSE')为固定写法,区分大小写!