Flask路由系统与模板系统
路由系统
- @app.route('/user/<username>')
- @app.route('/post/<int:post_id>')
- @app.route('/post/<float:post_id>')
- @app.route('/post/<path:path>')
- @app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
常用路由系统有以上五种，所有的路由系统都是基于一下对应关系来处理：
DEFAULT_CONVERTERS = {
'default': UnicodeConverter,
'string': UnicodeConverter,
'any': AnyConverter,
'path': PathConverter,
'int': IntegerConverter,
'float': FloatConverter,
'uuid': UUIDConverter,
}
1 def auth(func): 2 def inner(*args, **kwargs): 3 print('before') 4 result = func(*args, **kwargs) 5 print('after') 6 return result 7 8 return inner 9 10 @app.route('/index.html',methods=['GET','POST'],endpoint='index') 11 @auth 12 def index(): 13 return 'Index' 14 15 或 16 17 def index(): 18 return "Index" 19 20 self.add_url_rule(rule='/index.html', endpoint="index", view_func=index, methods=["GET","POST"]) 21 or 22 app.add_url_rule(rule='/index.html', endpoint="index", view_func=index, methods=["GET","POST"]) 23 app.view_functions['index'] = index 24 25 26 或 27 def auth(func): 28 def inner(*args, **kwargs): 29 print('before') 30 result = func(*args, **kwargs) 31 print('after') 32 return result 33 34 return inner 35 36 class IndexView(views.View): 37 methods = ['GET'] 38 decorators = [auth, ] 39 40 def dispatch_request(self): 41 print('Index') 42 return 'Index!' 43 44 app.add_url_rule('/index', view_func=IndexView.as_view(name='index')) # name=endpoint 45 46 47 48 或 49 50 51 class IndexView(views.MethodView): 52 methods = ['GET'] 53 decorators = [auth, ] 54 55 def get(self): 56 return 'Index.GET' 57 58 def post(self): 59 return 'Index.POST' 60 61 62 app.add_url_rule('/index', view_func=IndexView.as_view(name='index')) # name=endpoint 63 64 65 66 67 @app.route和app.add_url_rule参数： 68 rule, URL规则 69 view_func, 视图函数名称 70 defaults=None, 默认值,当URL中无参数，函数需要参数时，使用defaults={'k':'v'}为函数提供参数 71 endpoint=None, 名称，用于反向生成URL，即： url_for('名称') 72 methods=None, 允许的请求方式，如：["GET","POST"] 73 74 75 strict_slashes=None, 对URL最后的 / 符号是否严格要求， 76 如： 77 @app.route('/index',strict_slashes=False)， 78 访问 http://www.xx.com/index/ 或 http://www.xx.com/index均可 79 @app.route('/index',strict_slashes=True) 80 仅访问 http://www.xx.com/index 81 redirect_to=None, 重定向到指定地址 82 如： 83 @app.route('/index/<int:nid>', redirect_to='/home/<nid>') 84 或 85 def func(adapter, nid): 86 return "/home/888" 87 @app.route('/index/<int:nid>', redirect_to=func) 88 subdomain=None, 子域名访问 89 from flask import Flask, views, url_for 90 91 app = Flask(import_name=__name__) 92 app.config['SERVER_NAME'] = 'wupeiqi.com:5000' 93 94 95 @app.route("/", subdomain="admin") 96 def static_index(): 97 """Flask supports static subdomains 98 This is available at static.your-domain.tld""" 99 return "static.your-domain.tld" 100 101 102 @app.route("/dynamic", subdomain="<username>") 103 def username_index(username): 104 """Dynamic subdomains are also supported 105 Try going to user1.your-domain.tld/dynamic""" 106 return username + ".your-domain.tld" 107 108 109 if __name__ == '__main__': 110 app.run() 111 112 113 a.注册路由原理
1 from flask import Flask, views, url_for 2 from werkzeug.routing import BaseConverter 3 4 app = Flask(import_name=__name__) 5 6 7 class RegexConverter(BaseConverter): 8 """ 9 自定义URL匹配正则表达式 10 """ 11 def __init__(self, map, regex): 12 super(RegexConverter, self).__init__(map) 13 self.regex = regex 14 15 def to_python(self, value): 16 """ 17 路由匹配时，匹配成功后传递给视图函数中参数的值 18 :param value: 19 :return: 20 """ 21 return int(value) 22 23 def to_url(self, value): 24 """ 25 使用url_for反向生成URL时，传递的参数经过该方法处理，返回的值用于生成URL中的参数 26 :param value: 27 :return: 28 """ 29 val = super(RegexConverter, self).to_url(value) 30 return val 31 32 # 添加到flask中 33 app.url_map.converters['regex'] = RegexConverter 34 35 36 @app.route('/index/<regex("\d+"):nid>') 37 def index(nid): 38 print(url_for('index', nid='888')) 39 return 'Index' 40 41 42 if __name__ == '__main__': 43 app.run() 44 45 b. 自定制正则路由匹配
模板系统
模板的使用
Flask使用的是Jinja2模板，所以其语法和Django无差别
自定义模板方法
Flask中自定义模板方法的方式和Bottle相似，创建一个函数并通过参数的形式传入render_template，如：
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head lang="en">
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>自定义函数</h1>
{{ww()|safe}}
</body>
</html>
html
run.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from flask import Flask,render_template
app = Flask(__name__)
def wupeiqi():
return '<h1>Wupeiqi</h1>'
@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
return render_template('login.html', ww=wupeiqi)
app.run()
