【Python之路】特别篇--抽屉新热榜

登陆与注册

注册功能:

流程: 填写用户名,邮箱,获取邮箱验证码,填入密码 单击<下一步>按钮,完成注册!

1.获取邮箱验证码(具体步骤分析):

1.利用ajax 往后台传入邮箱,

2.后台表单验证,邮箱填写是否正确,     

　　=> 成功,则继续3,

　　=> 错误,写入错误信息,页面输出错误提示!

3.查询sendcode 数据库表,查询该邮箱是否是第一次发送验证码

　　=> 第一次发送: 数据表中插入记录 (邮箱,发送次数1,邮箱验证码,状态1,有效时间:当前时间-1小时)

　　=> 否则: 从数据表中查询出该邮箱验证码发送次数,

　　　　　　=> 如果 >5 则,再判断上次发送时间+1小时 是否大于当前时间!

　　　　　　　　　　=> 大于当前时间,则发送验证码,修改数据表记录 (发送次数+1,邮箱验证码,有效时间)

                            => 小于当前时间,则为多次恶意发送,不操作,写入错误信息,需要等待1小时,

                 => 如果<5 则直接发送验证码,修改数据表记录 (发送次数+1,邮箱验证码,有效时间)

4.json信息返回。

import json
import datetime

from core.request_handle import BaseHandler
# 公共方法
from backend import commons,message
# 数据库查询
from models.sendcode import Insert,QueryCounts,Update
from models.userinfo import InsertUser
# 表单验证
from forms.account import emailForm,registerForm


class SendEmailCodeHandler(BaseHandler):
    def post(self):
        obj = emailForm()
        val, success_info, error_info = obj.check_value(self)
        if not error_info:
            email = [success_info['email']]
            now = datetime.datetime.now()
            que = QueryCounts()
            ret = que.checkstime(email)
            if ret:
                if ret['stime'] < 5:
                    UpdateCode(email)
                else:
                    if (ret['ctime'] + datetime.timedelta(hours=1)) > now :
                        error_info['stime'] = '验证码发送次数过多,请1小时后再发送'
                    else:
                        UpdateCode(email)
            else:
                InsertCode(email)
        data = {'success_info': success_info, 'error_info': error_info}
        self.write(json.dumps(data))


# 第一次发送code 数据表添加
def InsertCode(email):
    code = commons.random_code()   # 生成4位随机验证码(字母+数字)
    message.send_email(email, code)
    ins = Insert()
    ins.insertcode(email, code)
    print(email, code)

# 多次发送, 数据表修改
def UpdateCode(email):
    code = commons.random_code()
    message.send_email(email, code)
    update = Update()
    update.updatestime(email, code)
    print(email, code)

import random
import string

def random_code():
    code = ''.join(random.sample(string.ascii_letters + string.digits, 4))
    return code

//注册:生成邮箱验证码:
$('#email-code').on('click',function () {
    var email = $('#re-email').val();
    $.ajax({
        url:'/email-code',
        type: 'POST',
        dataType: 'json',
        data:{'email':email},
        success: function(obj){
            if( isEmptyObject(obj['error_info']) ){
                $('.register-error').text('');
                $('.ac-code').addClass('hide');
                $('.ac-time').removeClass('hide');
                timechange();
            }
            $.each(obj['error_info'],function (k,v) {
                $('.register-error').text(v);
                return false;
            });
        }
    })
});

2.验证码发送过程: 页面倒计时

原理:设计计时器,每1秒修改1次text值, 时间小于0时,取消计时器

//邮箱验证码倒计时:
function timechange() {
    var time = 60;
    var interval = setInterval(function () {
        if(time <= 0 ){
            $('.ac-time').addClass('hide');
            $('.ac-code').removeClass('hide');
            clearInterval(interval);
        }
        time = time - 1;
        var temp = "已发送("+time+"s)";
        $('.ac-time').text(temp)
    },1000)
}

3.帐号注册 

1.JQ获取前台输入表单内容

2.ajax传输给后台,建立表单验证

　　=> 正确,继续3

　　=> 错误,返回错误信息,页面显示错误信息

3.数据库中查询用户邮箱是否存在

　　=> 不存在,插入数据库,继续4

　　=> 存在,返回错误信息,页面显示

4.注册账号完成,写入session,注册完成页面刷新实现自动登录

//注册帐号
$('#register-next').on('click',function () {
    registerUser();
    clearinput();
});
function registerUser(){
    var username= $('#re-username').val();
    var email = $('#re-email').val();
    var code = $('#re-code').val();
    var password = $('#re-password').val();
    $.ajax({
        url:'/register',
        type: 'POST',
        dataType: 'json',
        data:{'username':username,'email':email,'code':code,'password':password},
        success: function(obj){
            if( isEmptyObject(obj['error_info']) ){
                $('.register-error').text('');
                //跳转(隐藏输入页面):
                $('.login-block').addClass('hide');
                $('.register-info').removeClass('hide');
            }
            $.each(obj['error_info'],function (k,v) {
                $('.register-error').text(v);
                return false;
            });
        }
    })
}

class RegisterUserHandler(BaseHandler):
    def post(self):
        obj = registerForm()
        val, success_info, error_info = obj.check_value(self)
        print(val, success_info, error_info)
        if not error_info:
            ins = InsertUser()
            ins.inser(success_info['username'],success_info['password'],success_info['email'])
            self.session['is_login'] = 1
            self.session['username'] = success_info['username']
        data = {'success_info': success_info, 'error_info': error_info}
        self.write(json.dumps(data))

表单错误时,页面信息提示(效果图):

登录功能:

原理:与注册功能类似

1.图片验证码:点击验证码,自动更改

验证码为后台生成的图片,每点击一次,src地址后面 多加?实现切换

<div class="inp-block">
    <input type="text" name="phoneregister" placeholder="请输入验证码" id="u-code" class="phonenum"  autocomplete="off"/>
    <img src="/check_code" onclick='ChangeCode();' id='imgCode' class="codeimg">
</div>

//注册页面验证码切换
function ChangeCode() {
    var code = document.getElementById('imgCode');
    code.src += '?';
}

//登录,确定按钮:(邮箱形式)
$('.login-btn').on('click',function () {
    var username = $('#username').val();
    var password = $('#password').val();
    var code = $('#u-code').val();
    var remember = 0;
    if($('#phone-remember').is(':checked')){
        remember = 1;
    }
    $.ajax({
        url:'/userlogin',
        type: 'POST',
        dataType: 'text',
        data:{'username':username,'password':password,'code':code,'remember':remember},
        success: function(data, statusText, xmlHttpRequest){
            obj = JSON.parse(data);
            if( isEmptyObject(obj['error_info']) ){
                $('.login-error').text('');
                window.location.reload();
            }
            $.each(obj['error_info'],function (k,v) {
                $('.login-error').text(v);
                return false;
            });
        }
    })
});

import io

from backend.utils import check_code
from core.request_handle import BaseHandler

class CheckcodeHandler(BaseHandler):
    def get(self, *args, **kwargs):
        mstream = io.BytesIO()
        img, code = check_code.create_validate_code()
        self.session['code'] = code
        print(self.session['code'])
        img.save(mstream, "GIF")
        self.write(mstream.getvalue())

import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web
import json
import os
import sys

from core.request_handle import BaseHandler
from models.userinfo import QueryUser
from forms.account import LoginForm

class LoginUserHandler(BaseHandler):
    def post(self, *args, **kwargs):
        obj = LoginForm()
        val, success_info, error_info = obj.check_value(self)
        print(val, success_info, error_info)
        if not error_info:
            if self.session['code'].upper() == success_info['code'].upper():
                query  = QueryUser()
                ret = query.checkusername(success_info['username'],success_info['password'])
                if ret:
                    self.session['is_login'] = 1
                    self.session['username'] = ret['username']
                    self.session['user_id'] = ret['user_id']
                else:
                    error_info = { 'username' : '用户名或密码错误'}
            else:
                error_info = {'code': '验证码错误'}
        data = { 'success_info': success_info , 'error_info': error_info }
        self.write(json.dumps(data))

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8

import random
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont, ImageFilter

_letter_cases = "abcdefghjkmnpqrstuvwxy"  # 小写字母，去除可能干扰的i，l，o，z
_upper_cases = _letter_cases.upper()  # 大写字母
_numbers = ''.join(map(str, range(3, 10)))  # 数字
init_chars = ''.join((_letter_cases, _upper_cases, _numbers))

def create_validate_code(size=(120, 30),
                         chars=init_chars,
                         img_type="GIF",
                         mode="RGB",
                         bg_color=(255, 255, 255),
                         fg_color=(0, 0, 255),
                         font_size=18,
                         font_type="Monaco.ttf",
                         length=4,
                         draw_lines=True,
                         n_line=(1, 2),
                         draw_points=True,
                         point_chance = 2):
    '''
    @todo: 生成验证码图片
    @param size: 图片的大小，格式（宽，高），默认为(120, 30)
    @param chars: 允许的字符集合，格式字符串
    @param img_type: 图片保存的格式，默认为GIF，可选的为GIF，JPEG，TIFF，PNG
    @param mode: 图片模式，默认为RGB
    @param bg_color: 背景颜色，默认为白色
    @param fg_color: 前景色，验证码字符颜色，默认为蓝色#0000FF
    @param font_size: 验证码字体大小
    @param font_type: 验证码字体，默认为 ae_AlArabiya.ttf
    @param length: 验证码字符个数
    @param draw_lines: 是否划干扰线
    @param n_lines: 干扰线的条数范围，格式元组，默认为(1, 2)，只有draw_lines为True时有效
    @param draw_points: 是否画干扰点
    @param point_chance: 干扰点出现的概率，大小范围[0, 100]
    @return: [0]: PIL Image实例
    @return: [1]: 验证码图片中的字符串
    '''

    width, height = size # 宽， 高
    img = Image.new(mode, size, bg_color) # 创建图形
    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img) # 创建画笔


    def get_chars():
        '''生成给定长度的字符串，返回列表格式'''
        return random.sample(chars, length)

    def create_lines():
        '''绘制干扰线'''
        line_num = random.randint(*n_line) # 干扰线条数

        for i in range(line_num):
            # 起始点
            begin = (random.randint(0, size[0]), random.randint(0, size[1]))
            #结束点
            end = (random.randint(0, size[0]), random.randint(0, size[1]))
            draw.line([begin, end], fill=(0, 0, 0))

    def create_points():
        '''绘制干扰点'''
        chance = min(100, max(0, int(point_chance))) # 大小限制在[0, 100]

        for w in range(width):
            for h in range(height):
                tmp = random.randint(0, 100)
                if tmp > 100 - chance:
                    draw.point((w, h), fill=(0, 0, 0))

    def create_strs():
        '''绘制验证码字符'''
        c_chars = get_chars()
        strs = ' %s ' % ' '.join(c_chars) # 每个字符前后以空格隔开

        font = ImageFont.truetype(font_type, font_size)
        font_width, font_height = font.getsize(strs)

        draw.text(((width - font_width) / 3, (height - font_height) / 3),
                    strs, font=font, fill=fg_color)

        return ''.join(c_chars)

    if draw_lines:
        create_lines()
    if draw_points:
        create_points()
    strs = create_strs()

    # 图形扭曲参数
    params = [1 - float(random.randint(1, 2)) / 100,
              0,
              0,
              0,
              1 - float(random.randint(1, 10)) / 100,
              float(random.randint(1, 2)) / 500,
              0.001,
              float(random.randint(1, 2)) / 500
              ]
    img = img.transform(size, Image.PERSPECTIVE, params) # 创建扭曲

    img = img.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE) # 滤镜，边界加强（阈值更大）

    return img, strs

表单验证

设计思想: 无论表单通过form形式,或者ajax形式,发送数据给后端,我们都要先通过：某些规则进行过滤和验证，再对其进行数据的插入，修改等操作

实现思路:1，有form表单数据来临时，初始化一个表单类，传入self；

　　　　 2，自动获取form上数据字段，self.get_arguments(name)，name与前端input标签的name名字一一对应；

　　　　 3，通过表单类，调用检测方法 check_value()，

　　　　 4，如果form表单数据，符合自定义的规则，以字典形式返回数据，{ ‘前端input的name值’：‘input的value值’ } =》 存储在表单类的 self._value_dict 中

　　　　 5，如果form表单数据，不符合自定义的规则，以字典形式返回错误信息，{ ‘前端input的name值’：‘错误信息’ } =》 存储在表单类的 self._error_dict 中

 

1. 定义一个表单类 LoginForm ,__init__方法中对象名为 前端input标签的name值

   required 是否可以为空值, error_dict 定义错误信息输出内容

class LoginForm(BaseForm):
    def __init__(self):
        self.username = UsernameField(required=True,error_dict={'required':'用户名不能为空' , 'valid':'用户名错误'})
        self.password = PasswordField(required=True,error_dict={'required':'密码不能为空' , 'valid':'用户名或密码错误'})
        self.code = CodeField(required=True,error_dict={'required':'验证码不能为空' , 'valid':'验证码错误'})
        self.remember = CheckBoxField(required=False,error_dict={'valid':'格式错误'})
        super(LoginForm, self).__init__()

2. 继承BaseForm类,该类初始化了,当前Form表单共用的最后返回数据和错误信息的字典对象

class BaseForm():
    def __init__(self):
        self._value_dict = {}
        self._error_dict = {}
        self._valid_status = True
    
    def check_value(self):
        ....

  check_value() 执行获取前端输入的数据,self.get_argument(xxxx) 并且根据每个input标签定义的规则去验证数据的正确性 (上文的UsernameField,PasswordField..等)

  通过self.__dict__循环获取LoginForm的成员对象,调用Field的validate()方法,验证Form表单中每一个的值。验证正确,信息存储在self._value_dict 中, 错误信息存储在self._error_dict 中

def check_value(self,handler):
    for key,regular in self.__dict__.items():
        input_value = handler.get_argument(key,None)
        regular.validate(key,input_value)
    if regular.is_valid:
        self._value_dict[key] = regular.value
    else:
        self._error_dict[key] = regular.error

class BaseForm():
    def __init__(self):
        self._value_dict = {}
        self._error_dict = {}
        self._valid_status = True


    def check_value(self,handler):
        for key,regular in self.__dict__.items():
            if key.startswith('_'):
                continue
            if type(regular) == fields.CheckBoxField:
                input_value = handler.get_arguments(key)  # checkbox取值
            elif type(regular) == fields.FileField:
                file_list = handler.request.files.get(key,[])  # 文件对象
                input_value = []
                for item in file_list:
                    input_value.append(item['filename'])
            else:
                input_value = handler.get_argument(key,None)

            regular.validate(key,input_value)

            if regular.is_valid:
                self._value_dict[key] = regular.value
            else:
                self._error_dict[key] = regular.error
                self._valid_status = False
        return self._valid_status

3. Field 自定义的规则类

  为前端input标签,定义不同的验证规则(正则表达式),验证用户输入的数据

class PasswordField(Field):
    REGULAR = "[0-9 | A-Z | a-z]{6,16}"
    def __init__(self,required=True,error_dict=None):

        self.error_dict = {}   #错误信息
        if error_dict:
            self.error_dict.update(error_dict)   #用户自定义的错误信息

        self.required = required
        super(PasswordField, self).__init__()

   继承父类Field,初始化存储信息的成员

class Field:

    def __init__(self):
        self.is_valid = False   # 验证规则是否通过,默认False
        self.name = None
        self.value = None      # 获取的前端input值
        self.error = None

    def validate(self, name, input_value):
        ...

    执行validate()方法,

　　1.先判断该值是否允许为空?,

　　　　=> 可以为空,验证通过,self.value = input输入值

　　　　=> 不可以为空, 判断 input输入值 是否为空?

　　　　　　　　=> input输入值为空,self.error = 定义的错误信息(required)

　　　　　　　　=> 不为空,继续正则表达式判断,re.match(REGULAR,input_value)

　　　　　　　　　　　　=> 正则通过,self.value = input输入值, self.is_valid = True

　　　　　　　　　　　　=> 正则不通过, self.error = 定义的错误信息(valid)

class Field:

    def __init__(self):
        self.is_valid = False
        self.name = None
        self.value = None
        self.error = None

    def validate(self, name, input_value):
        self.name = name

        if not self.required:  # 可以为空
            self.value = input_value
            self.is_valid = True
        else:
            if not input_value:
                if self.error_dict.get('required', None):
                    self.error = self.error_dict['required']
                else:
                    self.error = '%s is requires ' % (name)
            else:
                val = re.match(self.REGULAR, input_value)
                if not val:
                    if self.error_dict.get('valid', None):
                        self.error = self.error_dict['valid']
                    else:
                        self.error = '%s is valid ' % (name)
                else:
                    self.value = input_value
                    self.is_valid = True

自定义的Field 供参考:

class CheckBoxField(Field):
    REGULAR = "^\d+$"

    def __init__(self,required=True,error_dict=None):

        self.error_dict = {}
        if error_dict:
            self.error_dict.update(error_dict)
        self.required = required
        super(CheckBoxField, self).__init__()

    def validate(self,name,input_value):
        if not self.required:
            self.value = input_value
            self.is_valid = True
        else:
            if not input_value:
                if self.error_dict.get('required',None):
                    self.error = self.error_dict['required']
                else:
                    self.error = '%s is requires '%(name)
            else:
                if isinstance(name, list):
                    self.is_valid = True
                    self.value = input_value
                else:
                    if self.error_dict.get('valid', None):
                        self.error = self.error_dict['valid']
                    else:
                        self.error = "%s is invalid" % name

class FileField(Field):
    REGULAR = "^(\w+\.jpg)|(\w+\.jpeg)|(\w+\.gif)|(\w+\.png)$"

    def __init__(self, required=True, error_dict=None):
        self.error_dict = {}
        if error_dict:
            self.error_dict.update(error_dict)
        self.required = required
        self.value = []
        self.success_file_name_list = []
        super(FileField, self).__init__()

    def validate(self, name, all_file_name_list):
        self.name = name
        if not self.required:
            self.value = all_file_name_list
        else:
            if not all_file_name_list:
                self.is_valid = False
                if self.error_dict.get('required', None):
                    self.error = self.error_dict['required']
                else:
                    self.error = '%s is requires ' % (name)
            else:
                for file_name in all_file_name_list:
                    if not file_name or not file_name.strip():
                        if self.error_dict.get('required', None):
                            self.error = self.error_dict['required']
                        else:
                            self.error = "%s is required" % name
                            self.is_valid = False
                        break
                    else:
                        val = re.match(FileField.REGULAR, file_name)
                        if not val:
                            self.is_valid = False
                            if self.error_dict.get('valid', None):
                                self.error = self.error_dict['valid']
                            else:
                                self.error = '%s is valid ' % (name)
                            break
                        else:
                            self.value.append(file_name)

class EmailField(Field):

    REGULAR = "^(\w)+(\.\w+)*@(\w)+((\.\w+)+)$"

    def __init__(self, required=True, error_dict=None):

        self.error_dict = {}  # 错误信息
        if error_dict:
            self.error_dict.update(error_dict)  # 用户自定错误信息
        self.required = required
        super(EmailField, self).__init__()

Session   

设计思想: 利用Cookie 自定义一个Session来存储每个用户信息

实现思路: 1. Session信息设计成一个大字典，key对应用户唯一识别加密串，value对应空字典｛｝存储用户信息，存放在服务端上。

　　　　  2. 为用户请求生成一个唯一加密串,写入到Cookie信息中,Session_id = 加密串，用于区分每一个用户。

　　　　  3. 当用户请求到来时，获取该请求的Cookie信息，判断是否存在Session_id(用户唯一识别加密串)？

　　　　　　=> 如果存在Session_id 并且在 Session大字典中找到相同的 key，记录Session_id

　　　　　　=> 其他情况下一律，生成加密串，写入到Cookie中，同时写入到 Session大字典中

class CacheSession():
    session_id = "__balabala__"     # Cookie中为Session存储的名字
    session_container = {}        # Session大字典

    def __init__(self,handler):
        self.handler = handler
        client_random_str = self.handler.get_cookie(CacheSession.session_id,None)
        if client_random_str and client_random_str in CacheSession.session_container:
            self.random_str = client_random_str
        else:
            self.random_str = self.__container__random__str()
            CacheSession.session_container[self.random_str] = {}

        expires_time = time.time() + config.SESSION_EXPIRES
        self.handler.set_cookie(CacheSession.session_id, self.random_str, expires=expires_time)  # 方便后续定义过期时间!

    def __container__random__str(self):      # 生成加密串
        hash = hashlib.md5()
        hash.update(bytes(str(time.time()), encoding='utf-8'))
        random_str = hash.hexdigest()
        return random_str

利用方法:1. 当用户请求到达每个Handler时，我们都需要先实例化一个CacheSession()，

　　　　 2. 此时我们可以定义一个父类BaseHandler，initialize() 方法中写入要执行代码，

import tornado.web
form session import SessionFactory

class BaseHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def initialize(self):
        self.session = SessionFactory.get_session_obj(self)

可以看到，我们在session.py中定义了一个新的类SessionFactory，用来选择合适的方法，初始化Session，

该类通过读取配置文件config中的SESSION_TYPE选择适合的Session类进行初始化，并且返回一个Session对象，该对象最终存储在 self.session中。

class SessionFactory():

    @staticmethod
    def get_session_obj(handler):
        if config.SESSION_TYPE == 'cache':
            obj = CacheSession(handler)
        elif config.SESSION_TYPE == 'memcached':
            obj = MemcachedSession(handler)
        elif config.SESSION_TYPE == 'redis':
            obj = RedisSession(handler)
        return obj

Handler 中使用Session

class LoginUserHandler(BaseHandler):
    def post(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.session['is_login'] = 1
        self.write('ok')

1.缓存Session

import time
import hashlib
import config
import memcache
import json
import redis

class CacheSession():
    session_id = "__balabala__"
    session_container = {}

    def __init__(self,handler):
        self.handler = handler
        client_random_str = self.handler.get_cookie(CacheSession.session_id,None)
        if client_random_str and client_random_str in CacheSession.session_container:
            self.random_str = client_random_str
        else:
            self.random_str = self.__container__random__str()
            CacheSession.session_container[self.random_str] = {}

        expires_time = time.time() + config.SESSION_EXPIRES
        self.handler.set_cookie(CacheSession.session_id, self.random_str, expires=expires_time)  # 方便后续定义过期时间!

    def __container__random__str(self):
        hash = hashlib.md5()
        hash.update(bytes(str(time.time()), encoding='utf-8'))
        random_str = hash.hexdigest()
        return random_str

    def __setitem__(self,key,value):
        CacheSession.session_container[self.random_str][key] = value

    def __getitem__(self,key):
        result = CacheSession.session_container[self.random_str].get(key,None)
        return result

    def __delitem__(self,key):
        if key in CacheSession.session_container[self.random_str]:
            del CacheSession.session_container[self.random_str][key]

2.memcache session

conn = memcache.Client(['127.0.0.1:11210'], debug=True)

class MemcachedSession():
    session_id = "__balabala__"

    def __init__(self,handler):
        self.handler = handler
        client_random_str = self.handler.get_cookie(MemcachedSession.session_id,None)
        if client_random_str and conn.get(client_random_str):
            self.random_str = client_random_str
        else:
            self.random_str = self.__container__random__str()
            conn.set(self.random_str,json.dumps({}),config.SESSION_EXPIRES)

        conn.set(self.random_str, conn.get(self.random_str), config.SESSION_EXPIRES)

        expires_time = time.time() + config.SESSION_EXPIRES
        self.handler.set_cookie(CacheSession.session_id, self.random_str, expires=expires_time)  # 方便后续定义过期时间!

    def __container__random__str(self):
        hash = hashlib.md5()
        hash.update(bytes(str(time.time()), encoding='utf-8'))
        random_str = hash.hexdigest()
        return random_str

    def __setitem__(self,key,value):
        ret = conn.get(self.random_str)
        ret_dict = json.loads(ret)
        ret_dict[key] = value
        conn.set(self.random_str,json.dumps(ret_dict),config.SESSION_EXPIRES)

    def __getitem__(self,key):
        ret = conn.get(self.random_str)
        ret_dict = json.loads(ret)
        result = ret_dict.get(key,None)
        return result

    def __delitem__(self, key):
        ret = conn.get(self.random_str)
        ret_dict = json.loads(ret)
        del ret_dict[key]
        conn.set(self.random_str, json.dumps(ret_dict), config.SESSION_EXPIRES)

3.radis session

pool = redis.ConnectionPool(host='127.0.0.1', port=6379)
r = redis.Redis(connection_pool=pool)

class RedisSession():
    session_id = "__balabala__"

    def __init__(self, handler):
        self.handler = handler
        client_random_str = self.handler.get_cookie(RedisSession.session_id, None)
        if client_random_str and r.exists(client_random_str):
            self.random_str = client_random_str
        else:
            self.random_str = self.__container__random__str()
            r.hset(self.random_str, None, None)

        r.expire(self.random_str,config.SESSION_EXPIRES)

        expires_time = time.time() + config.SESSION_EXPIRES
        self.handler.set_cookie(CacheSession.session_id, self.random_str, expires=expires_time)  # 方便后续定义过期时间!

    def __container__random__str(self):
        hash = hashlib.md5()
        hash.update(bytes(str(time.time()), encoding='utf-8'))
        random_str = hash.hexdigest()
        return random_str

    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        if type(value) == dict:
            r.hset(self.random_str, key, json.dumps(value))
        else:
            r.hset(self.random_str, key, value)

    def __getitem__(self, key):
        ret = r.hget(self.random_str,key)
        if ret :
            ret_str = str(ret,encoding='utf-8')
            try:
                result = json.loads(ret_str)
            except:
                result = ret_str
            return result
        else:
            return ret

    def __delitem__(self, key):
        r.hdel(self.random_str, key)

需要注意的是:__setitem__，__getitem__和__delitem__  使用类似字典方式设置，访问，删除成员。

在缓存Session 中，他们的使用方法与字典差别不大。

在memcache 中,键值对key,value 都是以字符串的形式存储的，

     在设置值前需要将value值通过json转换成字典形式,再对字典进行操作,操作完毕后,用json转换回字符串,存储回原来位置!

在redis 中，选用hash操作进行存储，如果待存储的value值为字典，需要先把value通过json转换成字符串,再存储在redis中，

     获取某个key的value值时，由于hash中value是以bytes存储,需要先转换成str类型,再判断该key存储的是字典，还是普通字符串

Session所有的完整代码:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*-coding:utf-8 -*-


import time
import hashlib
import config
import memcache
import json
import redis


class CacheSession():
    session_id = "__balabala__"
    session_container = {}

    def __init__(self,handler):
        self.handler = handler
        client_random_str = self.handler.get_cookie(CacheSession.session_id,None)
        if client_random_str and client_random_str in CacheSession.session_container:
            self.random_str = client_random_str
        else:
            self.random_str = self.__container__random__str()
            CacheSession.session_container[self.random_str] = {}

        expires_time = time.time() + config.SESSION_EXPIRES
        self.handler.set_cookie(CacheSession.session_id, self.random_str, expires=expires_time)  # 方便后续定义过期时间!

    def __container__random__str(self):
        hash = hashlib.md5()
        hash.update(bytes(str(time.time()), encoding='utf-8'))
        random_str = hash.hexdigest()
        return random_str

    def __setitem__(self,key,value):
        CacheSession.session_container[self.random_str][key] = value

    def __getitem__(self,key):
        result = CacheSession.session_container[self.random_str].get(key,None)
        return result

    def __delitem__(self,key):
        if key in CacheSession.session_container[self.random_str]:
            del CacheSession.session_container[self.random_str][key]


conn = memcache.Client(['127.0.0.1:11210'], debug=True)

class MemcachedSession():
    session_id = "__balabala__"

    def __init__(self,handler):
        self.handler = handler
        client_random_str = self.handler.get_cookie(MemcachedSession.session_id,None)
        if client_random_str and conn.get(client_random_str):
            self.random_str = client_random_str
        else:
            self.random_str = self.__container__random__str()
            conn.set(self.random_str,json.dumps({}),config.SESSION_EXPIRES)

        conn.set(self.random_str, conn.get(self.random_str), config.SESSION_EXPIRES)

        expires_time = time.time() + config.SESSION_EXPIRES
        self.handler.set_cookie(CacheSession.session_id, self.random_str, expires=expires_time)  # 方便后续定义过期时间!

    def __container__random__str(self):
        hash = hashlib.md5()
        hash.update(bytes(str(time.time()), encoding='utf-8'))
        random_str = hash.hexdigest()
        return random_str

    def __setitem__(self,key,value):
        ret = conn.get(self.random_str)
        ret_dict = json.loads(ret)
        ret_dict[key] = value
        conn.set(self.random_str,json.dumps(ret_dict),config.SESSION_EXPIRES)

    def __getitem__(self,key):
        ret = conn.get(self.random_str)
        ret_dict = json.loads(ret)
        result = ret_dict.get(key,None)
        return result

    def __delitem__(self, key):
        ret = conn.get(self.random_str)
        ret_dict = json.loads(ret)
        del ret_dict[key]
        conn.set(self.random_str, json.dumps(ret_dict), config.SESSION_EXPIRES)


pool = redis.ConnectionPool(host='127.0.0.1', port=6379)
r = redis.Redis(connection_pool=pool)

class RedisSession():
    session_id = "__balabala__"

    def __init__(self, handler):
        self.handler = handler
        client_random_str = self.handler.get_cookie(RedisSession.session_id, None)
        if client_random_str and r.exists(client_random_str):
            self.random_str = client_random_str
        else:
            self.random_str = self.__container__random__str()
            r.hset(self.random_str, None, None)

        r.expire(self.random_str,config.SESSION_EXPIRES)

        expires_time = time.time() + config.SESSION_EXPIRES
        self.handler.set_cookie(CacheSession.session_id, self.random_str, expires=expires_time)  # 方便后续定义过期时间!

    def __container__random__str(self):
        hash = hashlib.md5()
        hash.update(bytes(str(time.time()), encoding='utf-8'))
        random_str = hash.hexdigest()
        return random_str

    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        if type(value) == dict:
            r.hset(self.random_str, key, json.dumps(value))
        else:
            r.hset(self.random_str, key, value)

    def __getitem__(self, key):
        ret = r.hget(self.random_str,key)
        if ret :
            ret_str = str(ret,encoding='utf-8')
            try:
                result = json.loads(ret_str)
            except:
                result = ret_str
            return result
        else:
            return ret

    def __delitem__(self, key):
        r.hdel(self.random_str, key)


class SessionFactory():

    @staticmethod
    def get_session_obj(handler):
        if config.SESSION_TYPE == 'cache':
            obj = CacheSession(handler)
        elif config.SESSION_TYPE == 'memcached':
            obj = MemcachedSession(handler)
        elif config.SESSION_TYPE == 'redis':
            obj = RedisSession(handler)
        return obj

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*-coding:utf-8 -*-

import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web

from backend.session.session import SessionFactory

class BaseHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def initialize(self):
        self.session = SessionFactory.get_session_obj(self)

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*-coding:utf-8 -*-

# Session类型：cache/redis/memcached
SESSION_TYPE = "cache"

# Session超时时间（秒）
SESSION_EXPIRES = 180

分页

设计思路:与Tornado篇分页同理

前端:

<div class="pagination">
         {% raw str_page%}  #展示原生html
</div>

后台Url配置:

(r"/index/(?P<page>\d*)", IndexHandler),

后台Handle:

class IndexHandler(BaseHandler):
    def get(self, page):
        query = QueryContent()
        page_obj = pager.Pagiantion(page, all_item=query.queryCounts(), per_num=5)  #page 当前页码 , all_item 总数据条数, per_num 每页显示条数
        str_page = page_obj.page_str('/index/')

        self.render("index.html", str_page=str_page )

Pagiantion 分页类:

class Pagiantion:
    def __init__(self,current_page,all_counts,per_num):

        all_page, c = divmod(all_counts, per_num)
        if c>0:
            all_page += 1
        self.all_page = all_page

        try:
            current_page = int(current_page)
        except:
            current_page = 1
        if current_page < 1:
            current_page = 1
        self.current_page = current_page


    def page_str(self,base_url):
        if self.all_page < 10:
            s = 1
            t = self.all_page
        else:
            if self.current_page < 7:
                s = 1
                t = 10
            else:
                if self.all_page - self.current_page >= 4 :
                    s = self.current_page - 3
                    t = self.current_page + 4
                else:
                    s = self.all_page - 6
                    t = self.all_page
        list_page = []

        # 上一页
        if self.current_page != 1:
            pre_page = "<a href='%s%s' class='pageedg'>上一页</a>" % (base_url, self.current_page - 1,)
            list_page.append(pre_page)

        # 页码生成
        # 生成 1 , ... ,
        if( self.current_page >= 7 ):
            temp = "<a class='pageNum' href='%s%s'>%s</a>" % (base_url, 1, 1)
            list_page.append(temp)
            temp = "<span class='ignore' >...</span>"
            list_page.append(temp)

        for i in range(s, t + 1):
            if i == self.current_page:
                temp = "<span class='active-page' href='%s%s'>%s</span>" % (base_url,i, i)
            else:
                temp = "<a href='%s%s' class='pageNum'>%s</a>" % (base_url , i, i)
            list_page.append(temp)

        # 下一页
        if self.current_page < self.all_page:
            next_page = "<a href='%s%s' class='pageedg'>下一页</a>" % (base_url, self.current_page + 1,)
            list_page.append(next_page)

        # 数据拼接 返回
        str_page = ''.join(list_page)   # 列表连接成为字符串
        return str_page

/*分页*/
.dig-page-block{
    width: 640px;
    height: 40px;
    /*border: 1px solid red;*/
    float: left;
    margin:20px 0 60px 0;
}
.dig-page {
    width:630px;
    height: 38px;
}
.dig-page a.pageNum{
    display: inline-block;
    min-width:34px;
    height: 34px;
    color: #369;
    line-height: 34px;
    text-align: center;
    border: 1px solid #e1e1e1;
    border-radius: 5px 5px;
    margin-right:6px;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-family: "Arial","Microsoft YaHei","黑体","宋体",sans-serif;
}
.dig-page a.pageNum:hover{
    color: white;color: #fff;
    background-color: #369;
    border: 1px solid #369;
}
/*页码中文字体*/
.dig-page a.pageedg{
    display: inline-block;
    width: 77px;
    height: 34px;
    color: #369;
    line-height: 34px;
    text-align: center;
    border: 1px solid #e1e1e1;
    border-radius: 5px 5px;
    margin-right:6px;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-family: "Arial","Microsoft YaHei","黑体","宋体",sans-serif;
}
.dig-page a.pageedg:hover{
    color: #fff;
    background-color: #369;
    border: 1px solid #369;
}
.dig-page .ignore{
    display: inline-block;
    width: 32px;
    height: 32px;
    color: #369;
    line-height: 32px;
    text-align: center;
    margin-right:6px;
}
.dig-page .active-page{
    display: inline-block;
    min-width:34px;
    height: 34px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #333;
    line-height: 34px;
    text-align: center;
    margin-right:6px;
    font-family: "Arial","Microsoft YaHei","黑体","宋体",sans-serif;
}

页面登陆验证（装饰器方式实现）

1.普通登陆验证

LOGIN_URL = '/login'

def auth_login_redirect(func):
 
    def inner(self, *args, **kwargs):
        if not self.session['is_login']:
            self.redirect(config.LOGIN_URL)
            return
        func(self, *args, **kwargs)
    return inner

2.ajax提交数据的登陆验证

def auth_login_json(func):
 
    def inner(self, *args, **kwargs):
        if not self.session['is_login']:
            rep = BaseResponse()
            rep.summary = "auth failed"
            self.write(json.dumps(rep.__dict__))
            return
        func(self, *args, **kwargs)
    return inner

文件上传

为了美观 , 文件上传标签一半由两部分组成 file标签和 button标签

<div id="main" class="up-block">
    <input name="file" id="my_file" class="file-path" type="file" onchange="imagechange()"/>
    <input type="button" name="action" value="Upload" class="a-upload"/>
<div>

file标签会设置 透明度 和 定位在button上 , 绑定onchange事件

.up-block{
    position: relative;
}
.file-path{
    position: absolute;
    width: ..px;
    height: ..px;
    font-size: ..px;
    opacity: 0;
        z-index: 10;
}

图片上传后,展示在上传页面:

方法一:利用iframe实现

<div id="main" class="up-block">
    <input name="file" id="my_file" class="file-path" type="file" onchange="imagechange()"/>
    <input type="button" name="action" value="Upload" class="a-upload"/>
<div>
<iframe id='my_iframe' name='my_iframe' src="" class="hide"></iframe>

function imagechange(){
    imgupload();
}
// iframe图片上传
function imgupload(){
    document.getElementById('my_iframe').onload = Testt;
    document.getElementById('my_form').target = 'my_iframe';
    document.getElementById('my_form').submit();
}
function Testt(ths) {
    var r = $("#my_iframe").contents().find("body").text();
    ret = JSON.parse(r);      // 获得后台返回的数据...
}

抽屉网实现,完整代码:

//图片上传按钮:
$(".a-upload").on("change","input[type='file']",function(){
    imgupload()
});
// iframe图片上传
function imgupload(){
    document.getElementById('my_iframe').onload = Testt;
    document.getElementById('my_form').target = 'my_iframe';
    document.getElementById('my_form').submit();
}
function Testt(ths) {
    var r = $("#my_iframe").contents().find("body").text();
    ret = JSON.parse(r);
    if( ret.status ){
        var img_path = ret['message']['file_path'];
        console.log(img_path);
        var pre = 'http://localhost:8888/';
        $('.img-alt').addClass('hide');
        $('.upload-btn').addClass('upload-btn-show');
        $('.upload-show').removeClass('hide').attr('src',pre+img_path);
        $(".upload-error").text('');
    }else{
        $.each(ret['message'],function (k,v) {
            $(".upload-error").text(v).show();
            console.log(v);
            //清除信息:
            $('#uploadimage').val('');
            $(".img-alt").text("支持jpg、jpeg、gif、png格式，且不超过5MB");
            $(".upload-error").text("您上传的图片格式不合法，请重新上传").show();
            return false;
        });
    }
}

<div class="img-upload-block">
    <img src="" alt="" class="upload-show hide"/>
    <div class="upload-btn">
        <a href="javascript:;" class="a-upload">上传
            <input type="file" name="uploadimage" id="uploadimage">
        </a>
    </div>
    <span class="img-alt">支持jpg、jpeg、gif、png格式，且不超过5MB</span>
</div>

/*上传文件按钮*/
.a-upload {
    position: relative;
    display: inline-block;
    background: url('http://dig.chouti.com/images/bottom.png?v=2.8')no-repeat center center;
    background-position: 0 0px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    padding: 4px 16px;
    overflow: hidden;
    color: white;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-decoration: none;
    text-indent: 0;
    line-height: 20px;
    margin: 10px 0 0 6px;
}
.a-upload input {
    position: absolute;
    right: 0;
    top: 0;
    opacity: 0;
}
.a-upload:hover {
    color: white;
    background-position: 0 -33px;
    text-decoration: none;
}
.pic-content .img-upload-block .img-alt{
    color: #8ca1c1;
    padding-left: 6px;
    vertical-align: -12px;
    margin-left: 4px;
    font-size: 12px;
    font-family: "\5b8b\4f53";
}

方法二:ajax实现

通过Ajax的FormData对象来实现。详情参考ajax篇

<input type="file" name="uploadimage" id="uploadimage">

var fileObj = $("#uploadimage")[0].files[0];
var form = new FormData();
form.append("uploadimage", fileObj);
$.ajax({
	url:'/uploadimg',
	type:'POST',
	data:form,
	processData: false,  // tell jQuery not to process the data
	contentType: false,
	success:function (data, statusText, xmlHttpRequest) {
		obj = JSON.parse(data);
	}
})