20.虚拟语气
认识虚拟语气
If it is fine tomorrow, I will go to visit my grandma. 如果明天天气好，我就去看奶奶。（真实的）
If Chinese team won the World Cup, I would treat you to a dinner.（treat sb. to dinner 请某人吃饭）
如果中国队赢了足球的世界杯，我就请你吃晚饭。（可能性小）
一，if条件句构成的虚拟语气
1，对现在的虚拟情况
if从句： did/were (be 动词无论是单复数都用were)
主句： would/could 可以性/might 或许性/shoud 应当性 +do（四个可以随便用，would用的最多）
例子：If apology_____ (be) useful,we______(not need)the police.
填 were,would not need (如果道歉有用，还要警察干嘛。）。
2 对过去情况虚拟
if从句 had +done （过去完成时）
主句 would/could/might/should +have done
If I had studied English well before, I could speak English fluently now.
如果我以前好好学英语，现在我早就可以流利说英语了。
选C，had had 是过去完成时。所以选would have finished。
3，对将来情况虚拟
非常不可能实现的假设，（如果明天，我回到了以前）if从句 were/were to do/ should do
主句 would/could/might/should+do
如果有来生 愿做一棵树
If I were to have my life again， I would be a tree.
4、虚拟语气的倒装
If引导的虚拟条件句的倒装
先省略if,
对现在虚拟将were提到主语前
对过去虚拟将had提到主语前
对将来虚拟将should提到主语前
(如果没有were, should, had 那么句子就不能倒装)
选A，首选if要去掉，去掉B,D.是对将来的虚拟，should提前，不倒装要写成 If Miss Green should come
倒装为：Were I to remember you in the next life,you should not forget your oath.
Had it not been for your advice, we couldn't have got over the difficulties.
5、错综的时间虚拟
遵循不同的时间情况的模板如果没有遇见你，现在我会在哪里？（那个时候如果没有遇见你）
从句是对过去虚拟，主句是对现在虚拟。
从句had done结构是过去，主句would+动原是现在
例如：
没吃晚饭是过去，不饿是现在
If I had had my dinner,I would not feel hungry.
做作业是过去，看电影是现在
If I had finished my home work,I could/would/should go to the cinema.
二 、特殊句式的虚拟语气
1、含蓄虚拟
（1）在without和but for表示“要不是，没有”的条件时，主句要用虚拟语气。
Without Wukong, Shifu would have been eaten by monsters.
要不是悟空，师傅早就被妖怪吃掉了。（would have been_早就……）
形式
without/ but for+名词/名词词组，
主语+would/could/might+have done （没有should，should有其它用法）
或者 主语+would/could/might do （不是过去的事）
But for your useful advice, I wouldn't have made such a wonderful presentation.
要不是你有用的建议，我不会做出这么精彩的报告。
But for/without 都是介词 +名词/名词短语
例子：
要不是你的帮忙，我不会拿到演唱会的票。（已经拿到，看做过去式）
But for your help, I could not have got the ticket.
或者 Without your help,I would not have got the ticket for the concert.
（would have got ——would done）
例子：
如果没有大量练习，他就发不对音。
But for much practice, he could not pronounce correctly.
（2）wish/if only 希望; 要.....就好了 （wish一般都是许愿类的）
wish +宾语从句——用虚拟
if only引导感叹句
①与现在事实不符 动词用一般过去时 were/did
I wish I had a pair of wings. 我希望我有一双翅膀
I wish Marshall were here. (实际上Marshall不在，听力时注意！）
If only he were here. 他要是在这多好呀！
②与过去事实不符
从句中/感叹句中动词: 过去完成时 had done
If only I had taken her advice. 我要是听了她的建议就好了。(过去没有采纳）
③与将来事实不符
从句或感叹句中动词: would/could+动词原型
（3）would rather
例子：
1)与现在/将来相反: (did/were现实 /could 将来+v原)
2)与过去相反: (had done)——特殊句子的虚拟
例如：
（4）as if /as though 好像……
使用前，先判断是事实推断还是虚拟 若推断:就用正常时态 若虚拟:则用虚拟语气
事实推断(好像)
It is becoming dark.（天变黑了—前提） It looks as if it's going to rain.
虚拟语气
He felt as if he were a superman, who could save the world.(be动词用了were)
他觉得自己好像是个超人，可以拯救世界。（虚拟）
虚拟情况
对现在: were/did
对过去: had done
例子：
Treat Your Business As If It Were Your Baby.
用心呵护你的事业。（把你的事业当成你的孩子）
（5）It is (high) time (that)
三、名词性从句的虚拟结构
当主句中有表示请求、建议、命令、要求等情绪的词(包含动词、名词、形容词、过去分词)
时，that从句中的动词为: (should可以省略) +动词原形
例如：
1、主语从句中的虚拟
结构:
it is+形容词/过去分词/名词 +that+ (should) +动词原形
[形容词、过去分词、名词为表建议，请求，命令，要求，惊奇的词]
例如：
t is strange that he ______(居然没有通过) the exam. (fail)
2、表语从句中的虚拟
表请求、建议、命令等情绪时，用虚拟语气。
结构:that从句中(should)+动词原形
My proposal is that he (should) go to a university abroad.
练习：My only advice for you is that you_________.（戒烟）（quit）
3、宾语从句的虚拟
表示请求、要求、建议、命令
that=从句中（should）+动词原形
suggest, insist, order, demand, request,command, propose, desire, require,
urge（催促）……+ that + should + v原
例题
Jane's pale face suggested that she ill, and her parents suggested that she a medical examination.
A. be; should have B. was; have
C. should be; had D. was; has
第一句 简苍白的脸表明她病了 不是虚拟
The doctor recommended that you swim after eating a large meal.
A. wouldn't B. couldn't C. needn't D. shouldn't
同位语从句中的虚拟
表请求、要求、建议、命令时
that从句中: (should) +动词原形
The suggestion that the mayor(should) present the prizes was accepted by everyone.
