8.过去完成时1

• 站在“过去时间”角度回顾更远的另一个过去
• 现在完成时参照时间“现在”可以隐含在语境中而不明确地说出来
• 过去完成时是一个不能独立使用的时态，必须依附于上下文中出现的一般过去时
• 过去完成时态可以与具体的过去时间状语连用：that morning
• 表示“延续事件”

例：
I had stayed in America for two years when he moved here
I had learned 1,000 words by the end of last year
We had studied English for six years when we entered college

 

上下文明确告知动作或状态持续到过去这一时刻即停止

例：
He had served in the army for ten years;then he retired and married.His children were now at school

 

• 表示“重复事件”
  在过去之前一段时间内重复发生

• 例：
  Clint had written three letters by the time she arrived
• 表示“单一事件”
  开始于过去之前的动作到过去这一时刻之前即已停止，通常是短暂动作

例：
She had made everything ready before I came
Her baby had fallen asleep when she went into the room

 

• 过去完成时的其他意义和用法

  1、intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think,propose,wish等动词用于过去完成时，表示过去未能实现的设计、设想、意图或希望等
  例：
  I had intended to watch just one program,but somehow I couldn't make myself switch off the TV.我本来打算只看一个电视节目，可不知怎的，电视打开后我就关不了了
  I had intended to see you, but I was busy.我本打算去看你的，但是我太忙了
  She had hoped that he would come to date her,but he didn't show up.她本来希望他能来约会她，但是他没露面

  2、用于最高级，完全类似现在完成时用法，“It was the + 序数词或最高级 + that”
  例：
  It was the third time that someone had interrupted me that night.那是那天晚上我第三次被打断

• 过去完成时与一般过去时比较

He opened the door and entered,but found nobody.他打开门进去了，但一个人都没看见。
He served in the army for ten years;then retired and married.His children are now at school.他当过10年兵，然后退伍并结了婚。他的孩子现在都在上学。
He had served in the army for ten years;then he retired and married.His children were now at school.他当过10年兵，后来退伍并结了婚。他的孩子当时都在上学

When the singer had sung her song,she sat down.这名歌手唱完歌以后，就坐下了。
若说成：When the singer sang her song,she sat down.
则可能给人造成这种印象：这位歌手喜欢坐着唱歌。