33.语法一致原则
主语和谓语动词之间的一致关系主要表现在“数”的形式上。一般来说，如果主语是复数形式，谓语动词应用复数形式；如果主语是单数形式，谓语动词应用单数形式。这种一致关系叫作“语法一致原则”。
1.单数名词/代词与谓语动词的一致
（1)单数名词/代词在句中作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式。不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词也应用单数形式。
Her idea about the problem is very novel and interesting.
她对这个问题的看法非常新颖有趣。
This is what I will do.I will call Anna and explain.
这就是我将要做的事情。我会给安娜打电话解释。
His advice has been adopted in the meeting.
他的建议在会议上被采纳了。
当主语为I时，谓语中含有be动词时，应用am或was；谓语中含有助动词do，have或谓语动词为实义动词时(且该句使用一般现在时)，应用其复数形式，即原形。如：
I have seen that film.我看过那部电影。
被each，every，no修饰的单数名词作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式。如：
Every member in the club wearsuniform.俱乐部的每位成员都穿着制服。
(2)有些集体名词为不可数名词，如furniture, equipment, merchandise,
clothing 等，作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式。
The furniture is made of wood and should be kept away from fire.
这些家具是木制的，应该远离火。
The equipment is still at the experimental stage.这些设备仍处于试验阶段。
(3)“many a(n)+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Many a student likes to take Professor Smith's class
许多学生喜欢上史密斯教授的课。
(4)“more than one+单数名词”在意义上虽有复数概念，但作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。more+复数名词+than one”作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。
More than one person is involved in this case. 不止一个人牵涉进了这个案件。
More visitors than one hare complained about the service here.
不止一名游客抱怨过这里的服务。
(5)“a(n)+单数名词+or two”作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式。但“one or two+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。
A student or tuo has failed the exam. 有一两个学生考试不及格。
One or to students hare failed the oxam. 有一两个学生考试不及格。
2.复数名词/代词与谓语动词的一致
(1)常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词以及复数代词作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。常见的这类名词有：clothes(衣服)，belongings(财物)，earmings(薪水，收入)，savings(积蓄，存款),sales(销售量).surroundings(环境)，odds(可能性，概率)，remains(剩余物，残留物)，goods(商品，货品)，fireworks(烟花表演)，thanks(感谢)等。常见的这类代词有：they(他们，她们，它们)，these(这些)，those(那些)等。The clothes are not suitable for everyday wear.这些衣服不适合日常穿。
Those look a little riper than these.那些看上去比这些更熟一点。
(2)表示双数意义的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。常见的这类名词有：glasses(眼镜)spectacles(眼镜)，sunglases(太阳镜)，scissors(剪刀)，shoes(鞋)，socks(短袜)，gloves(手套)trousers(裤子)，jeans(牛仔裤)，shorts(短裤)等。
His glasses swere broken by his son last night.昨天晚上他的眼镜被他儿子弄坏了。
3.并列主语与谓语动词的一致
(1)由and或both...and...连接并列主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。但如果并列主语指的是同一个人、物、概念或一个不可分割的整体，谓语动词应用单数形式。常见的这类短语有：bread and butter(黄油面包片)，a watch and chain(一块带链的表)，law and order(社会秩序，治安)，a knife and fork(一副刀叉)，acup and saucer(一套杯碟)等。
Fresh fruit and vegetables pronide fiber and vitamins.
新鲜的水果和蔬菜提供纤维素和维生素。
A teacher and writer is going to give us a talk this afternoon.
今天下午一位老师兼作家将要给我们作演讲。
War and peace is a constant theme in history.
战争与和平是历史的永恒主题。
(2)主语后跟 as well as, as much as, along with, together with, with, including, followed by, in addition to, like, unlike, except, but,besides,no less than, rather than, accompanied by, instead of, more than 等引出的短语时，谓语动词的数应与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致，即遵循“就远原则”。
The girl, together with her classmates,has gone to plant trees.
那个女孩儿和她的同班同学一起去植树了。
The teacher, with all his students, is going to have a picnic this weekend.
这个周末这位老师将要和他所有的学生一起去野餐。
Everyone but Jim and Lucy is in support of this idea.
除了吉姆和露西外，所有人都支持这个主意。
(3)当and连接并列的单数名词作主语，且单数名词被each，every,no等修饰时，谓语动词应用单数形式。
Each book and (each) magazine has to be returned on time.
每一本书和杂志都必须按时归还。
Eeery door and (erery) window in this house has to be repaired for another sale.
这所房子里的每扇门和窗都必须修理，以便再次销售。
No teacher and (no) student likes this textbook.
没有一个老师和学生喜欢这本教材。
4.其他
(1)不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)和“疑问词/whether+不定式(短语)”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式；但若主句为系表结构，主句谓语动词的数通常由作表语的名词或代词决定。注意，当and连接并列的上述结构作主语时，若表示单一概念，谓语动词应用单数形式；若表示不同的概念，谓语动词应用复数形式。
To do this job well means a lot of effort.
要把这项工作做好意味着(要付出)许多努力。
Reading without comprehension is not good for improving one's learning ability.
只阅读不理解对提高一个人的学习能力没有好处。
What to do is one question,and how to do it is quite another.
做什么和怎样做是完全不同的两个问题。
Whether she is coming or not doesn't matter too much.她是否来不是很重要。
What he needs are not skills. What he needs is patience.
他需要的不是技术。他需要的是耐心。
Reading and writing are very important during the primary school.在小学阶段，读和写非常重要。
(2)“分数/百分数+d+名词/代词”作主语时，谓语动词的数应与of后面名词或代词的效保持一致Two thirds of the food has been sent to that area.
三分之二的食物已经被送往那个地区了。
Thirty percent of the candidates hane no work experience.百分之三十的申请人没有工作经验。知识挺神
“all hall some/mos the rest.(of+名词/代词)“作主语时，谓语动词的人称和单、复数取决于of后面练名词或代词，或者视具体的上下文而定。如：
Most of the money is donated to the people who need it.
大部分的钱都被捐赠给了需要它的人。
I have eaten some of the fruits. The rest (of them) are left to you.
我已经吃了一些水果。(它们中)剩下的是留给你的。
(3)“a number of+复数名词/代词”作主语时，后面的谓语动词应用复数形式；而“the number of+复数名词/代词”作主语时，后面的谓语动词应用单数形式。
A number of children are playing in the park.一些孩子正在公园里玩耍。
The number of clients of this company is rather small.这家公司的客户数量相当少。
(4)“a/this/that/the pair of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
That pair of shoes has already been sold.那双鞋已经卖出去了。
(5)“a quantity of/a lot of/lots of/plenty of+不可数名词/可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词的数应与of后面名词的数保持一致。但“quantities of+不可数名词/可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。
A vast quantity of beer teas sold yesterday.昨天卖出了大量的啤酒。
A large quantity of books uere found in his room.在他的房间里发现了大量的书籍。
（6） Great quantities of sand were washed down the hillside by rain.大量的沙子被雨水冲下了小山坡。“a great( good) deal of/a large amount of/a bit of+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式。但“large/increasing/small amounts of+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。
A good deal of money has been spent on this project.在这个工程上已经花了很多钱。A large amount of electricity was wasted last month.上个月浪费了大量的电。
80被投入到了这个实验上。
(7)“分类词+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数应与分类词的单、复数形式保持一致。常用的分类词有：sort, kind, form, piece, portion, series, species, section, type等。
This kind of competition is not what we want. 这种竞争并不是我们想要的。
All kinds of flowers blassam in spring.各种各样的花儿在春天绽放。
(8)在“one of+复数名词+定语从句”结构中，从句一般是修饰复数名词的，所以从句的谓语动词应用复数形式；而当one之前有the,the only,the mere, the very等修饰时，从句一般是修饰one的，所以从句的谓语动词应用单数形式
Jeff is one of the journalists who were awarded a prize at that time.
杰夫是那时获奖的新闻记者之一。
Jeff is the only one of the journalists who was awarded a prize at that time.
杰夫是那时唯一获奖的新闻记者。
(9)在倒装句中，谓语动词的形式应与其后的主语保持一致。
Under these books is a notebook where she has written a lot of her experiences.这些书下面是一个笔记本，她在上面写了许多自己的经历。
Here are the pictures you have been looking forward to.
这是你一直期待的那些照片。
