4.对urls.py的解释
解释:
路由配置文件(URL分发器),它的本质是URL模式以及要为该URL模式调用的视图函数之间的映射表。就是以这种方式告诉Django对于每个URL的处理类。Django启动的时候回去加载urls.py文件,加载那个文件可以在hello_django\hello_django\setting.py中通过ROOT_URLCONF配置,如ROOT_URLCONF = 'hello_django.urls'(默认配置)
理解:
相当于spring mvc里的@RequestMapping的作用
基本语法:
urlpatterns = [
url(正则表达式, view函数, 参数, 别名, 前缀),
]
用法一(不带参数):
from django.contrib import admin
urlpatterns = [
# url(r'^hello/', views.hello),
]
用法二(不带参数):
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^hello/', 'hello.views.hello'),
]
备注:用法一和用法二是一样的,但是方法二在1.9版本后将不再推荐使用,被标记为过时
用法三(带参数):
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^hello/', 'hello.views.hello', {'name':'xiaol'}),
]
相应的,view里去接收这个参数,修改为:
关于 正则表达式:
1.定义url访问路径:
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^hello/\d{2}', views.hello),
]
访问的时候必须在hello后面带个两位数:http://localhost:8000/hello/22
2.传递url参数:
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^hello/(?P<id>\d{2})', views.hello),
]
意思是:在hello后面带个两位数字,并且,这个两位数字被作为参数传进去,参数名是id
相应的,view里去接收这个参数,修改为:
以下英文为urls.py文件自带的注释,里面的三个例子值得看
The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
1. Add an import: from my_app import views
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))