ACM-图论-同余最短路

https://www.cnblogs.com/31415926535x/p/11692422.html

一种没见过的处理模型,,记录一下,,主要是用来处理一个多元一次方程的解的数量的问题,,数据量小时可以用看成背包处理,,数据很大时可以转换成最短路模型+一点数学来处理,,(体积模域下的最短路的问题,,求的一个最简的表示形式有模数来得到所有解

墨墨的等式

题目

因为只是求满足的解的数量,,所以可以将方程转换成一个模方程组,,这样的方程组的解显然也是原来的解的子集,,同时可以利用模数来得到所有解,,

模数的选择是最小的那个系数,,因为如果任意选择,,会出现一些多考虑的情况

弄 mi 个点,表示从0到mi-1的所有数,,建边的方法是 i->(i+a[j])%mi 边权为 a[j] ,,表示从i这个点变成后面一个数的费用,,(因为两边都是取模的,,所以每一个数取几次后的和的余数就是那些经过的点,,也就是说一条路径就是得到一个右边为 i(mod mi) 的一个最小解,,这个最小的解就是费用和,,也就是一条最短路dis[i]

这样我们对于每一个取模的右边的B都计算一下区间里的数量,,,(计算这玩意推错了一次,,emmm

参考

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define aaa cout<<233<<endl;
#define endl '\n'
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
typedef long double ld;
// mt19937 rnd(TM(0));
const int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f;//1061109567 > 1e9
const ll linf = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f;
const double eps = 1e-6;
const double pi = 3.14159265358979;
const int maxn = 3e6 + 5;
const int maxm = 1e7 + 233;
const int mod = 1e9 + 7;

ll n, l, r, a[maxn];
struct edge
{
    int to, nxt; ll w;
}edge[maxn << 1];
int tot, head[maxn << 1];
void init()
{
    tot = 0;
    memset(head, -1, sizeof head);
}
void addedge(int u, int v, ll w)
{
    edge[tot].to = v;
    edge[tot].w = w;
    edge[tot].nxt = head[u];
    head[u] = tot++;
}
struct node
{
    int v; ll w;
    node(){}
    node(int _v, ll _w):v(_v), w(_w){}
    const bool operator<(const node &r)const{
        return w > r.w;
    }
}tmp;
ll dis[maxn];
bool vis[maxn];
void dijkstra(int s)
{
    memset(dis, inf, sizeof dis);
    memset(vis, false, sizeof vis);
    priority_queue<node> q;
    while(!q.empty())q.pop();
    q.push(node(s, 0));
    dis[s] = 0;
    while(!q.empty())
    {
        tmp = q.top(); q.pop();
        if(vis[tmp.v])continue;
        vis[tmp.v] = true;
        for(int i = head[tmp.v]; ~i; i = edge[i].nxt)
        {
            int v = edge[i].to;
            if(dis[v] > dis[tmp.v] + edge[i].w)
            {
                dis[v] = dis[tmp.v] + edge[i].w;
                q.push(node(v, dis[v]));
            }
        }
    }
}
int main()
{
    // double pp = clock();
    // freopen("233.in", "r", stdin);
    // freopen("233.out", "w", stdout);
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0);
    cin.tie(0);cout.tie(0);
    
    cin >> n >> l >> r;
    for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)cin >> a[i];
    sort(a + 1, a + 1 + n);
    int mi = a[1];
    init();
    for(int i = 0; i <= mi - 1; ++i)
        for(int j = 1; j <= n; ++j)
            addedge(i, (i + a[j]) % mi, a[j]);
    dijkstra(0);
    ll ans = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i <= mi - 1; ++i)
    {
        if(dis[i] <= r)
        {
            if(dis[i] == 0)dis[i] = mi;
            ans += (r - dis[i]) / mi + 1;
            if(l > dis[i])ans -= (l - dis[i] - 1) / mi + 1;
        }
    }
    cout << ans << endl;

    return 0;
}

P3403 跳楼机

题目

比上面那个简单些,,就是注意细节,,从1开始,,有一个是1那么值一定是h,,,

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define aaa cout<<233<<endl;
#define endl '\n'
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
typedef long double ld;
// mt19937 rnd(TM(0));
const int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f;//1061109567 > 1e9
const ll linf = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f;
const double eps = 1e-6;
const double pi = 3.14159265358979;
const int maxn = 3e6 + 5;
const int maxm = 1e7 + 233;
const int mod = 1e9 + 7;

ll n, l, r, a[maxn];
struct edge
{
    int to, nxt; ll w;
}edge[maxn << 1];
int tot, head[maxn << 1];
void init()
{
    tot = 0;
    memset(head, -1, sizeof head);
}
void addedge(int u, int v, ll w)
{
    edge[tot].to = v;
    edge[tot].w = w;
    edge[tot].nxt = head[u];
    head[u] = tot++;
}
struct node
{
    int v; ll w;
    node(){}
    node(int _v, ll _w):v(_v), w(_w){}
    const bool operator<(const node &r)const{
        return w > r.w;
    }
}tmp;
ll dis[maxn];
bool vis[maxn];
void dijkstra(int s)
{
    memset(dis, inf, sizeof dis);
    memset(vis, false, sizeof vis);
    priority_queue<node> q;
    while(!q.empty())q.pop();
    q.push(node(s, 0));
    dis[s] = 1;
    while(!q.empty())
    {
        tmp = q.top(); q.pop();
        if(vis[tmp.v])continue;
        vis[tmp.v] = true;
        for(int i = head[tmp.v]; ~i; i = edge[i].nxt)
        {
            int v = edge[i].to;
            if(dis[v] > dis[tmp.v] + edge[i].w)
            {
                dis[v] = dis[tmp.v] + edge[i].w;
                q.push(node(v, dis[v]));
            }
        }
    }
}
int main()
{
    // double pp = clock();
    // freopen("233.in", "r", stdin);
    // freopen("233.out", "w", stdout);
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0);
    cin.tie(0);cout.tie(0);
    
    cin >> n;
    for(int i = 1; i <= 3; ++i)cin >> a[i];
    sort(a + 1, a + 1 + 3);
    if(a[1] == 1){
        cout << n << endl;
        return 0;
    }
    ll mi = a[1];
    init();
    for(int i = 0; i <= mi - 1; ++i)
        for(int j = 2; j <= 3; ++j) 
            addedge(i, (i + a[j]) % mi, a[j]);
    dijkstra(1);
    ll ans = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i <= mi - 1; ++i)
        if(dis[i] <= n)
            ans += (n - dis[i]) / mi + 1;
    cout << ans << endl;

    return 0;
}

遥远的旅途

题目

这题的大致思路是将dp问题用最短路来优化,,

dp[i][j] 表示从起点走到i时的长度为j的一条路是否存在,,但是空间都会爆掉,,

考虑第二维,假设是通过经过若干个环来达到T,,也就是 len+kw==T ,,这里的w即为环的长度的两倍,,如果取模w就是 len%w==T%w ,,这样子dp方程就变成了到达 i 点时路径长度取模等于j的一条路径的长度,,利用spfa来转移,,只要最后 dp[n][T%w] <= T 就表示存在解,这样子利用模数来压缩了状态,,找等同的就行了,,,参考 参考

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define aaa cout<<233<<endl;
#define endl '\n'
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
typedef long double ld;
// mt19937 rnd(TM(0));
const int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f;//1061109567 > 1e9
const ll linf = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f;
const double eps = 1e-6;
const double pi = 3.14159265358979;
const int maxn = 1e2 + 5;
const int maxm = 1e7 + 233;
const int mod = 1e9 + 7;

ll n, m, T, a[maxn], ww;
struct edge
{
    int to, nxt; ll w;
}edge[maxn << 1];
int tot, head[maxn << 1];
void init()
{
    tot = 0;
    memset(head, -1, sizeof head);
}
void addedge(int u, int v, ll w)
{
    edge[tot].to = v;
    edge[tot].w = w;
    edge[tot].nxt = head[u];
    head[u] = tot++;
}
ll dp[maxn][20005];
bool vis[maxn][20005];
queue<pair<int, ll> > q;
void spfa()
{
    memset(dp, inf, sizeof dp);
    memset(vis, false, sizeof vis);
    while(!q.empty())q.pop();
    dp[1][0] = 0; vis[1][0] = true;
    q.push(make_pair(1, 0));
    while(!q.empty())
    {
        int u = q.front().first; ll w = q.front().second; q.pop(); 
        vis[u][w] = false;
        for(int i = head[u]; ~i; i = edge[i].nxt)
        {
            int v = edge[i].to; ll vw = edge[i].w;
            if(dp[v][(w + vw) % ww] > dp[u][w] + vw)
            {
                dp[v][(w + vw) % ww] = dp[u][w] + vw;
                if(!vis[v][(w + vw) % ww])
                {
                    vis[v][(w + vw) % ww] = true;
                    q.push(make_pair(v, (w + vw) % ww));
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
int main()
{
    // double pp = clock();
    // freopen("233.in", "r", stdin);
    // freopen("233.out", "w", stdout);
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0);
    cin.tie(0);cout.tie(0);
    
    int t; cin >> t;
    while(t--)
    {
        cin >> n >> m >> T;
        int u, v, w;
        init();
        for(int i = 1; i <= m; ++i)
        {
            cin >> u >> v >> w;
            ++u, ++v;
            addedge(u, v, w);
            addedge(v, u, w);
        }
        bool flag = false;
        for(int i = head[n]; ~i; i = edge[i].nxt)
        {
            ww = edge[i].w << 1;
            spfa();
            if(dp[n][T % ww] <= T)
            {
                flag = true;
                break;
            }
        }
        if(flag)cout << "Possible" << endl;
        else cout << "Impossible" << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

(end)

posted @ 2019-10-17 15:40  31415926535x  阅读(188)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报