页面浏览统计之(二) tracking

转：http://www.codingsoho.com/zh/blog/component-tracking/

django-tracking是一个简单的访客记录的应用

前言

本文环境：

Python 2.7.10
Django 1.11

安装

github主页 https://github.com/bashu/django-tracking

django-tracking 0.4.1 版本太老

问题

init里不能import listeners，否则User访问时报错app未导入

查看github上的源代码，并没有这一句，所以去掉应该不会对清理产生影响。这个项目有点乱，github和pypi上有的乱码新旧不一致

File "E:\Computer\virtualenv\iblog\csblog\tracking\__init__.py", line 1, in <module>
  import listeners
File "E:\Computer\virtualenv\iblog\csblog\tracking\listeners.py", line 9, in <module>
  from tracking.models import UntrackedUserAgent, BannedIP
File "E:\Computer\virtualenv\iblog\csblog\tracking\models.py", line 11, in <module>
  from django.contrib.auth.models import User
File "E:\Computer\virtualenv\iblog\env\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\models.py", line 4, in <module>
  from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
File "E:\Computer\virtualenv\iblog\env\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\base_user.py", line 52, in <module>
  class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
File "E:\Computer\virtualenv\iblog\env\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 110, in __new__
  app_config = apps.get_containing_app_config(module)
File "E:\Computer\virtualenv\iblog\env\lib\site-packages\django\apps\registry.py", line 247, in get_containing_app_config
  self.check_apps_ready()
File "E:\Computer\virtualenv\iblog\env\lib\site-packages\django\apps\registry.py", line 125, in check_apps_ready
  raise AppRegistryNotReady("Apps aren't loaded yet.")
ango.core.exceptions.AppRegistryNotReady: Apps aren't loaded yet.

GEOIP支持

from django.contrib.gis. utilsimport HAS_GEOIP

修改为

from django.contrib.gis.geoip import HAS_GEOIP

django新版本位置变了，而且目前是不支持geoip的

MiddlewareMixin

代码直接使用会报错，需要将中间件类的基类改为MiddlewareMixin

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "..\env\Lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 226, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "..\env\Lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 142, in inner_run
    handler = self.get_handler(*args, **options)
  File "..\env\Lib\site-packages\django\contrib\staticfiles\management\commands\runserver.py", line 27, in get_handler
    handler = super(Command, self).get_handler(*args, **options)
  File "..\env\Lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 64, in get_handler
    return get_internal_wsgi_application()
  File "..\env\Lib\site-packages\django\core\servers\basehttp.py", line 46, in get_internal_wsgi_application
    return get_wsgi_application()
  File "..\env\Lib\site-packages\django\core\wsgi.py", line 14, in get_wsgi_application
    return WSGIHandler()
  File "..\env\Lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\wsgi.py", line 153, in __init__
    self.load_middleware()
  File "..\env\Lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 82, in load_middleware
    mw_instance = middleware(handler)
TypeError: object() takes no parameters

需要在middleware.py里修改

try:
    from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
except ImportError:
    MiddlewareMixin = object

class VisitorTrackingMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin):

配置

在settings文件里添加APP

    INSTALLED_APPS = (
        'django.contrib.admin',
        'django.contrib.auth',
        'django.contrib.contenttypes',
        'django.contrib.sessions',
        'django.contrib.sites',
        ...
        'tracking',
        ...
    )

运行manage.py migrate同步数据库

添加middleware，他们分别提供下面功能

• tracking.middleware.VisitorTrackingMiddleware 访客跟踪，必须在AuthenticationMiddleware后面，这样才能访问request.user
• tracking.middleware.VisitorCleanUpMiddleware 访客自动清理，它将会自动从数据库中清除掉过去的访问者。新版本代码实现里去掉了功能，实际是一个空类，需要研究一下。该应用提供命令来清理历史访客记录。
• tracking.middleware.BannedIPMiddleware IP黑名单，建议放在最前面，这样那些被禁止的用户也不会在其他的middleware里运行

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'tracking.middleware.BannedIPMiddleware',
    #
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', 
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    #
    'tracking.middleware.VisitorTrackingMiddleware',
    'tracking.middleware.VisitorCleanUpMiddleware',

]

注意：如果在cms项目中使用的话，记得把它放在cms的middleware前面，否则报错No module named LanguageCookieMiddlewaretracking.middleware

这个跟cms项目安装的要求是一致的，避免URL路由匹配问题。

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "env\Lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 226, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "env\Lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 142, in inner_run
    handler = self.get_handler(*args, **options)
  File "env\Lib\site-packages\django\contrib\staticfiles\management\commands\runserver.py", line 27, in get_handler
    handler = super(Command, self).get_handler(*args, **options)
  File "env\Lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 64, in get_handler
    return get_internal_wsgi_application()
  File "env\Lib\site-packages\django\core\servers\basehttp.py", line 46, in get_internal_wsgi_application
    return get_wsgi_application()
  File "env\Lib\site-packages\django\core\wsgi.py", line 14, in get_wsgi_application
    return WSGIHandler()
  File "env\Lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\wsgi.py", line 153, in __init__
    self.load_middleware()
  File "env\Lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 80, in load_middleware
    middleware = import_string(middleware_path)
  File "env\Lib\site-packages\django\utils\module_loading.py", line 20, in import_string
    module = import_module(module_path)
  File "D:\Python27\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
    __import__(name)
ImportError: No module named LanguageCookieMiddlewaretracking.middleware

正确的顺序如下

MIDDLEWARE = (
    'tracking.middleware.BannedIPMiddleware',
    'tracking2.middleware.VisitorTrackingMiddleware',
    #
    'cms.middleware.utils.ApphookReloadMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.locale.LocaleMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sites.middleware.CurrentSiteMiddleware',
    #
    'tracking.middleware.VisitorTrackingMiddleware',
    'tracking.middleware.VisitorCleanUpMiddleware', 
    #
    'cms.middleware.user.CurrentUserMiddleware',
    'cms.middleware.page.CurrentPageMiddleware',
    'cms.middleware.toolbar.ToolbarMiddleware',
    'cms.middleware.language.LanguageCookieMiddleware' 
)

确保'django.template.context_processors.request'已经在模板处理器中定义，老的名字是django.core.context_processors.request。

这样处理器能够保证request对象可以访问模板，该应用使用request对象来判断当前用户在查看哪个页面。

TEMPLATES = [
    { 
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'templates')],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

另外，如果你想看看你的访问者都来自哪儿，就需要用到map特性。它使用的是google技术，咱又用不了，就不研究了，有兴趣直接去github看。

使用

要显示当前的模板访问的活跃用户，首先在模板头添加{% load tracking_tags %}，然后添加下面代码

To display the number of active users there are in one of your templates, make sure you have {% load tracking_tags %} somewhere in your template and do something like this:

{% visitors_on_site as visitors %}
<p>
    {{ visitors }} active user{{ visitors|pluralize }}
</p>

如果想看看多少人正在看同一页

If you also want to show how many people are looking at the same page:

{% visitors_on_page as same_page %}
<p>
    {{ same_page }} of {{ visitors }} active user{{ visitors|pluralize }}
    {{ same_page|pluralize:"is,are" }} reading this page
</p>

If you don't want particular areas of your site to be tracked, you may define a list of prefixes in your settings.py using theN O_TRACKING_PREFIXES. For example, if you didn't want visits to the/family/ section of your website,set NO_TRACKING_PREFIXES to['/family/'].
If you don't want to count certain user-agents, such as Yahoo!'s Slurp and Google's Google bot, you may add keywords to your visitor tracking in your Django administration interface. Look for "Untracked User-Agents" and add a keyword that distinguishes a particular user-agent. Any visitors with the keyword in their user-agent string will not be tracked.

默认，活跃用户统计十分钟内的访问者，你也可以通过修改settings里的TRACKING_TIMEOUT改到你想改的任意值

By default, active users include any visitors within the last 10 minutes. If you would like to override that setting, just set TRACKING_TIMEOUT to however many minutes you want in your settings.py.

每24小时，系统自动清理访问内容，你可以通过覆盖TRACKING_CLEANUP_TIMEOUT这个值来修改

For automatic visitor clean-up, any records older than 24 hours are removed by default. If you would like to override that setting, set TRACKING_CLEANUP_TIMEOUT to however many hours you want in your settings.py.