fixed 语句禁止垃圾回收器重定位可移动的变量。 fixed 语句只在不安全的上下文中是允许的。 Fixed 还可用于创建固定大小缓冲区。
fixed 语句设置指向托管变量的指针,并在执行该语句期间“固定”此变量。 如果没有 fixed 语句,则指向可移动托管变量的指针的作用很小,因为垃圾回收可能不可预知地重定位变量。 C# 编译器只允许在 fixed 语句中分配指向托管变量的指针。
unsafe static void TestMethod() { // Assume that the following class exists. //class Point //{ // public int x; // public int y; //} // Variable pt is a managed variable, subject to garbage collection. Point pt = new Point(); // Using fixed allows the address of pt members to be taken, // and "pins" pt so that it is not relocated. fixed (int* p = &pt.x) { *p = 1; } }
可通过使用数组、字符串、大小固定的缓冲区或变量地址初始化指针。 以下示例演示可变地址、数组和字符串的用法。 关于固定大小缓冲器的更多信息,请参见 固定大小的缓冲区(C# 编程指南)。
static unsafe void Test2() { Point point = new Point(); double[] arr = { 0, 1.5, 2.3, 3.4, 4.0, 5.9 }; string str = "Hello World"; // The following two assignments are equivalent. Each assigns the address // of the first element in array arr to pointer p. // You can initialize a pointer by using an array. fixed (double* p = arr) { /*...*/ } // You can initialize a pointer by using the address of a variable. fixed (double* p = &arr[0]) { /*...*/ } // The following assignment initializes p by using a string. fixed (char* p = str) { /*...*/ } // The following assignment is not valid, because str[0] is a char, // which is a value, not a variable. //fixed (char* p = &str[0]) { /*...*/ } // You can initialize a pointer by using the address of a variable, such // as point.x or arr[5]. fixed (int* p1 = &point.x) { fixed (double* p2 = &arr[5]) { // Do something with p1 and p2. } } }
只要指针的类型相同,就可以初始化多个指针。
fixed (byte* ps = srcarray, pd = dstarray) {...}
要初始化不同类型的指针,只需嵌套 fixed 语句,如下面的示例所示。
fixed (int* p1 = &point.x) { fixed (double* p2 = &arr[5]) { // Do something with p1 and p2. } }
执行完语句中的代码后,任何固定变量都被解除固定并受垃圾回收的制约。 因此,不要指向 fixed 语句之外的那些变量。
注意:无法修改在 fixed 语句中初始化的指针.
在不安全模式中,可以在堆栈上分配内存。堆栈不受垃圾回收的制约,因此不需要被锁定。 有关更多信息,请参见 stackalloc。
class Point { public int x, y; } class FixedTest2 { // Unsafe method: takes a pointer to an int. unsafe static void SquarePtrParam (int* p) { *p *= *p; } unsafe static void Main() { Point pt = new Point(); pt.x = 5; pt.y = 6; // Pin pt in place: fixed (int* p = &pt.x) { SquarePtrParam (p); } // pt now unpinned. Console.WriteLine ("{0} {1}", pt.x, pt.y); } } /* Output: 25 6 */