一、rvm
1、简介
rvm是一个命令行工具，可以提供一个便捷的多版本ruby环境的管理和切换。
2、安装步骤
1、新建文件：rvm-installer.sh
vi rvm-installer.sh
内容如下
#!/usr/bin/env bash shopt -s extglob set -o errtrace set -o errexit rvm_install_initialize() { DEFAULT_SOURCES=(github.com/rvm/rvm bitbucket.org/mpapis/rvm) BASH_MIN_VERSION="3.2.25" if [[ -n "${BASH_VERSION:-}" && "$(\printf "%b" "${BASH_VERSION:-}\n${BASH_MIN_VERSION}\n" | LC_ALL=C \sort -t"." -k1,1n -k2,2n -k3,3n | \head -n1)" != "${BASH_MIN_VERSION}" ]] then echo "BASH ${BASH_MIN_VERSION} required (you have $BASH_VERSION)" exit 1 fi export HOME PS4 export rvm_trace_flag rvm_debug_flag rvm_user_install_flag rvm_ignore_rvmrc rvm_prefix rvm_path PS4="+ \${BASH_SOURCE##\${rvm_path:-}} : \${FUNCNAME[0]:+\${FUNCNAME[0]}()} \${LINENO} > " } log() { printf "%b\n" "$*"; } debug(){ [[ ${rvm_debug_flag:-0} -eq 0 ]] || printf "%b\n" "Running($#): $*"; } fail() { log "\nERROR: $*\n" ; exit 1 ; } rvm_install_commands_setup() { \which which >/dev/null 2>&1 || fail "Could not find 'which' command, make sure it's available first before continuing installation." if [[ -z "${rvm_tar_command:-}" ]] && builtin command -v gtar >/dev/null then rvm_tar_command=gtar elif ${rvm_tar_command:-tar} --help 2>&1 | GREP_OPTIONS="" \grep -- --strip-components >/dev/null then rvm_tar_command="${rvm_tar_command:-tar}" else case "$(uname)" in (OpenBSD) log "Trying to install GNU version of tar, might require sudo password" if (( UID )) then sudo pkg_add -z gtar-1 else pkg_add -z gtar-1 fi rvm_tar_command=gtar ;; (Darwin|FreeBSD|DragonFly) # it's not possible to autodetect on OSX, the help/man does not mention all flags rvm_tar_command=tar ;; (SunOS) case "$(uname -r)" in (5.10) log "Trying to install GNU version of tar, might require sudo password" if (( UID )) then if \which sudo >/dev/null 2>&1 then sudo_10=sudo elif \which /opt/csw/bin/sudo >/dev/null 2>&1 then sudo_10=/opt/csw/bin/sudo else fail "sudo is required but not found. You may install sudo from OpenCSW repository (http://opencsw.org/about)" fi pkginfo -q CSWpkgutil || $sudo_10 pkgadd -a $rvm_path/config/solaris/noask -d http://get.opencsw.org/now CSWpkgutil sudo /opt/csw/bin/pkgutil -iy CSWgtar -t http://mirror.opencsw.org/opencsw/unstable else pkginfo -q CSWpkgutil || pkgadd -a $rvm_path/config/solaris/noask -d http://get.opencsw.org/now CSWpkgutil /opt/csw/bin/pkgutil -iy CSWgtar -t http://mirror.opencsw.org/opencsw/unstable fi rvm_tar_command=/opt/csw/bin/gtar ;; (*) rvm_tar_command=tar ;; esac esac builtin command -v ${rvm_tar_command:-gtar} >/dev/null || fail "Could not find GNU compatible version of 'tar' command, make sure it's available first before continuing installation." fi if [[ " ${rvm_tar_options:-} " != *" --no-same-owner "* ]] && $rvm_tar_command --help 2>&1 | GREP_OPTIONS="" \grep -- --no-same-owner >/dev/null then rvm_tar_options="${rvm_tar_options:-}${rvm_tar_options:+ }--no-same-owner" fi } usage() { printf "%b" " Usage rvm-installer [options] [action] Options [[--]version] <version> The version or tag to install. Valid values are: latest - The latest tagged version. latest-minor - The latest minor version of the current major version. latest-<x> - The latest minor version of version x. latest-<x>.<y> - The latest patch version of version x.y. <x>.<y>.<z> - Major version x, minor version y and patch z. [--]branch <branch> The name of the branch from which RVM is installed. This option can be used with the following formats for <branch>: <account>/ If account is wayneeseguin or mpapis, installs from one of the following: https://github.com/rvm/rvm/archive/master.tar.gz https://bitbucket.org/mpapis/rvm/get/master.tar.gz Otherwise, installs from: https://github.com/<account>/rvm/archive/master.tar.gz <account>/<branch> If account is wayneeseguin or mpapis, installs from one of the following: https://github.com/rvm/rvm/archive/<branch>.tar.gz https://bitbucket.org/mpapis/rvm/get/<branch>.tar.gz Otherwise, installs from: https://github.com/<account>/rvm/archive/<branch>.tar.gz [/]<branch> Installs the branch from one of the following: https://github.com/rvm/rvm/archive/<branch>.tar.gz https://bitbucket.org/mpapis/rvm/get/<branch>.tar.gz [--]source <source> Defines the repository from which RVM is retrieved and installed in the format: <domain>/<account>/<repo> Where: <domain> - Is bitbucket.org, github.com or a github enterprise site serving an RVM repository. <account> - Is the user account in which the RVM repository resides. <repo> - Is the name of the RVM repository. Note that when using the [--]source option, one should only use the [/]branch format with the [--]branch option. Failure to do so will result in undefined behavior. --trace Provides debug logging for the installation script. Actions master - Installs RVM from the master branch at rvm/rvm on github or mpapis/rvm on bitbucket.org. stable - Installs RVM from the stable branch a rvm/rvm on github or mpapis/rvm on bitbucket.org. help - Displays this output. " } ## duplication marker 32fosjfjsznkjneuera48jae __rvm_curl_output_control() { if (( ${rvm_quiet_curl_flag:-0} == 1 )) then __flags+=( "--silent" "--show-error" ) elif [[ " $*" == *" -s"* || " $*" == *" --silent"* ]] then # make sure --show-error is used with --silent [[ " $*" == *" -S"* || " $*" == *" -sS"* || " $*" == *" --show-error"* ]] || { __flags+=( "--show-error" ) } fi } ## duplication marker 32fosjfjsznkjneuera48jae # -S is automatically added to -s __rvm_curl() ( __rvm_which curl >/dev/null || { rvm_error "RVM requires 'curl'. Install 'curl' first and try again." return 200 } typeset -a __flags __flags=( --fail --location --max-redirs 10 ) [[ "$*" == *"--max-time"* ]] || [[ "$*" == *"--connect-timeout"* ]] || __flags+=( --connect-timeout 30 --retry-delay 2 --retry 3 ) if [[ -n "${rvm_proxy:-}" ]] then __flags+=( --proxy "${rvm_proxy:-}" ) fi __rvm_curl_output_control unset curl __rvm_debug_command \curl "${__flags[@]}" "$@" || return $? ) rvm_error() { printf "ERROR: %b\n" "$*"; } __rvm_which(){ which "$@" || return $?; true; } __rvm_debug_command() { debug "Running($#): $*" "$@" || return $? true } rvm_is_a_shell_function() { [[ -t 0 && -t 1 ]] || return $? return ${rvm_is_not_a_shell_function:-0} } # Searches the tags for the highest available version matching a given pattern. # fetch_version (github.com/rvm/rvm bitbucket.org/mpapis/rvm) 1.10. -> 1.10.3 # fetch_version (github.com/rvm/rvm bitbucket.org/mpapis/rvm) 1.10. -> 1.10.3 # fetch_version (github.com/rvm/rvm bitbucket.org/mpapis/rvm) 1. -> 1.11.0 # fetch_version (github.com/rvm/rvm bitbucket.org/mpapis/rvm) "" -> 2.0.1 fetch_version() { typeset _account _domain _pattern _repo _sources _values _version _sources=(${!1}) _pattern=$2 for _source in "${_sources[@]}" do IFS='/' read -r _domain _account _repo <<< "${_source}" _version="$( fetch_versions ${_domain} ${_account} ${_repo} | GREP_OPTIONS="" \grep "^${_pattern:-}" | tail -n 1 )" if [[ -n ${_version} ]] then echo "${_version}" return 0 fi done } # Returns a sorted list of all version tags from a repository fetch_versions() { typeset _account _domain _repo _url _domain=$1 _account=$2 _repo=$3 case ${_domain} in (bitbucket.org) _url=https://${_domain}/api/1.0/repositories/${_account}/${_repo}/branches-tags ;; (github.com) _url=https://api.${_domain}/repos/${_account}/${_repo}/tags ;; (*) _url=https://${_domain}/api/v3/repos/${_account}/${_repo}/tags ;; esac __rvm_curl -s ${_url} | \awk -v RS=',' -v FS='"' '$2=="name"{print $4}' | sort -t. -k 1,1n -k 2,2n -k 3,3n -k 4,4n -k 5,5n } install_release() { typeset _source _sources _url _version _verify_pgp _sources=(${!1}) _version=$2 debug "Downloading RVM version ${_version}" for _source in "${_sources[@]}" do case ${_source} in (bitbucket.org*) _url="https://${_source}/get/${_version}.tar.gz" _verify_pgp="https://${_source}/downloads/${_version}.tar.gz.asc" ;; (*) _url="https://${_source}/archive/${_version}.tar.gz" _verify_pgp="https://${_source}/releases/download/${_version}/${_version}.tar.gz.asc" ;; esac get_and_unpack "${_url}" "rvm-${_version}.tgz" "$_verify_pgp" && return done return $? } install_head() { typeset _branch _source _sources _url _sources=(${!1}) _branch=$2 debug "Selected RVM branch ${_branch}" for _source in "${_sources[@]}" do case ${_source} in (bitbucket.org*) _url=https://${_source}/get/${_branch}.tar.gz ;; (*) _url=https://${_source}/archive/${_branch}.tar.gz ;; esac get_and_unpack "${_url}" "rvm-${_branch//\//_}.tgz" && return done return $? } # duplication marker dfkjdjngdfjngjcszncv # Drop in cd which _doesn't_ respect cdpath __rvm_cd() { typeset old_cdpath ret ret=0 old_cdpath="${CDPATH}" CDPATH="." chpwd_functions="" builtin cd "$@" || ret=$? CDPATH="${old_cdpath}" return $ret } get_package() { typeset _url _file _url="$1" _file="$2" log "Downloading ${_url}" __rvm_curl -sS ${_url} -o ${rvm_archives_path}/${_file} || { _return=$? case $_return in # duplication marker lfdgzkngdkjvnfjknkjvcnbjkncvjxbn (60) log " Could not download '${_url}', you can read more about it here: https://rvm.io/support/fixing-broken-ssl-certificates/ To continue in insecure mode run 'echo insecure >> ~/.curlrc'. " ;; # duplication marker lfdgzkngdkjvnfjknkjvcnbjkncvjxbn (77) log " It looks like you have old certificates, you can read more about it here: https://rvm.io/support/fixing-broken-ssl-certificates/ " ;; # duplication marker lfdgzkngdkjvnfjknkjvcnbjkncvjxbn (141) log " Curl returned 141 - it is result of a segfault which means it's Curls fault. Try again and if it crashes more than a couple of times you either need to reinstall Curl or consult with your distribution manual and contact support. " ;; (*) log " Could not download '${_url}'. curl returned status '$_return'. " ;; esac return $_return } } # duplication marker flnglfdjkngjndkfjhsbdjgfghdsgfklgg rvm_install_gpg_setup() { export rvm_gpg_command { rvm_gpg_command="$( \which gpg2 2>/dev/null )" && [[ ${rvm_gpg_command} != "/cygdrive/"* ]] } || rvm_gpg_command="$( \which gpg 2>/dev/null )" || rvm_gpg_command="" debug "Detected GPG program: '$rvm_gpg_command'" [[ -n "$rvm_gpg_command" ]] || return $? } # duplication marker rdjgndfnghdfnhgfdhbghdbfhgbfdhbn verify_package_pgp() { if "${rvm_gpg_command}" --verify "$2" "$1" then log "GPG verified '$1'" else typeset _ret=$? log "\ Warning, RVM 1.26.0 introduces signed releases and \ automated check of signatures when GPG software found. Assuming you trust Michal Papis import the mpapis public \ key (downloading the signatures). GPG signature verification failed for '$1' - '$3'! try downloading the signatures: ${SUDO_USER:+sudo }${rvm_gpg_command##*/} --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3 or if it fails: command curl -sSL https://rvm.io/mpapis.asc | ${SUDO_USER:+sudo }${rvm_gpg_command##*/} --import - the key can be compared with: https://rvm.io/mpapis.asc https://keybase.io/mpapis " exit $_ret fi } verify_pgp() { [[ -n "${1:-}" ]] || { debug "No PGP url given, skipping." return 0 } get_package "$1" "$2.asc" || { debug "PGP url given but does not exist: '$1'" return 0 } rvm_install_gpg_setup || { log "Found PGP signature at: '$1', but no GPG software exists to validate it, skipping." return 0 } verify_package_pgp "${rvm_archives_path}/$2" "${rvm_archives_path}/$2.asc" "$1" } get_and_unpack() { typeset _url _file _patern _return _verify_pgp _url="$1" _file="$2" _verify_pgp="$3" get_package "$_url" "$_file" || return $? verify_pgp "$_verify_pgp" "$_file" || return $? [[ -d "${rvm_src_path}/rvm" ]] || \mkdir -p "${rvm_src_path}/rvm" __rvm_cd "${rvm_src_path}/rvm" || { _return=$? log "Could not change directory '${rvm_src_path}/rvm'." return $_return } rm -rf ${rvm_src_path}/rvm/* __rvm_debug_command $rvm_tar_command xzf ${rvm_archives_path}/${_file} ${rvm_tar_options:-} --strip-components 1 || { _return=$? log "Could not extract RVM sources." return $_return } } rvm_install_default_settings() { # Tracing, if asked for. if [[ "$*" == *--trace* ]] || (( ${rvm_trace_flag:-0} > 0 )) then set -o xtrace rvm_trace_flag=1 fi # Variable initialization, remove trailing slashes if they exist on HOME true \ ${rvm_trace_flag:=0} ${rvm_debug_flag:=0}\ ${rvm_ignore_rvmrc:=0} HOME="${HOME%%+(\/)}" if (( rvm_ignore_rvmrc == 0 )) then for rvmrc in /etc/rvmrc "$HOME/.rvmrc" do if [[ -s "$rvmrc" ]] then if GREP_OPTIONS="" \grep '^\s*rvm .*$' "$rvmrc" >/dev/null 2>&1 then printf "%b" " Error: $rvmrc is for rvm settings only. rvm CLI may NOT be called from within $rvmrc. Skipping the loading of $rvmrc " exit 1 else source "$rvmrc" fi fi done fi if [[ -z "${rvm_path:-}" ]] then if (( UID == 0 )) then rvm_user_install_flag=0 rvm_prefix="/usr/local" rvm_path="${rvm_prefix}/rvm" else rvm_user_install_flag=1 rvm_prefix="$HOME" rvm_path="${rvm_prefix}/.rvm" fi fi if [[ -z "${rvm_prefix}" ]] then rvm_prefix=$( dirname $rvm_path ) fi # duplication marker kkdfkgnjfndgjkndfjkgnkfjdgn [[ -n "${rvm_user_install_flag:-}" ]] || case "$rvm_path" in (/usr/local/rvm) rvm_user_install_flag=0 ;; ($HOME/*|/${USER// /_}*) rvm_user_install_flag=1 ;; (*) rvm_user_install_flag=0 ;; esac } rvm_install_parse_params() { install_rubies=() install_gems=() flags=( ./scripts/install ) forwarded_flags=() while (( $# > 0 )) do token="$1" shift case "$token" in (--trace) set -o xtrace rvm_trace_flag=1 flags=( -x "${flags[@]}" "$token" ) forwarded_flags+=( "$token" ) ;; (--debug|--quiet-curl) flags+=( "$token" ) forwarded_flags+=( "$token" ) token=${token#--} token=${token//-/_} export "rvm_${token}_flag"=1 printf "%b" "Turning on ${token/_/ } mode.\n" ;; (--path) if [[ -n "${1:-}" ]] then rvm_path="$1" shift else fail "--path must be followed by a path." fi ;; (--branch|branch) # Install RVM from a given branch if [[ -n "${1:-}" ]] then case "$1" in (/*) branch=${1#/} ;; (*/) branch=master if [[ "${1%/}" -ne wayneeseguin ]] && [[ "${1%/}" -ne mpapis ]] then sources=(github.com/${1%/}/rvm) fi ;; (*/*) branch=${1#*/} if [[ "${1%%/*}" -ne wayneeseguin ]] && [[ "${1%%/*}" -ne mpapis ]] then sources=(github.com/${1%%/*}/rvm) fi ;; (*) branch="$1" ;; esac shift else fail "--branch must be followed by a branchname." fi ;; (--source|source) if [[ -n "${1:-}" ]] then if [[ "$1" = */*/* ]] then sources=($1) shift else fail "--source must be in the format <domain>/<account>/<repo>." fi else fail "--source must be followed by a source." fi ;; (--user-install|--ignore-dotfiles) token=${token#--} token=${token//-/_} export "rvm_${token}_flag"=1 printf "%b" "Turning on ${token/_/ } mode.\n" ;; (--auto-dotfiles) flags+=( "$token" ) export "rvm_auto_dotfiles_flag"=1 printf "%b" "Turning on auto dotfiles mode.\n" ;; (--auto) export "rvm_auto_dotfiles_flag"=1 printf "%b" "Warning, --auto is deprecated in favor of --auto-dotfiles.\n" ;; (--verify-downloads) if [[ -n "${1:-}" ]] then export rvm_verify_downloads_flag="$1" forwarded_flags+=( "$token" "$1" ) shift else fail "--verify-downloads must be followed by level(0|1|2)." fi ;; (--autolibs=*) flags+=( "$token" ) export rvm_autolibs_flag="${token#--autolibs=}" forwarded_flags+=( "$token" ) ;; (--without-gems=*|--with-gems=*|--with-default-gems=*) flags+=( "$token" ) value="${token#*=}" token="${token%%=*}" token="${token#--}" token="${token//-/_}" export "rvm_${token}"="${value}" printf "%b" "Installing RVM ${token/_/ }: ${value}.\n" ;; (--version|version) version="$1" shift ;; (head|master) version="head" branch="master" ;; (stable) version="latest" ;; (latest|latest-*|+([[:digit:]]).+([[:digit:]]).+([[:digit:]])) version="$token" ;; (--ruby) install_rubies+=( ruby ) ;; (--ruby=*) token=${token#--ruby=} install_rubies+=( ${token//,/ } ) ;; (--rails) install_gems+=( rails ) ;; (--gems=*) token=${token#--gems=} install_gems+=( ${token//,/ } ) ;; (--add-to-rvm-group) export rvm_add_users_to_rvm_group="$1" shift ;; (help|usage) usage exit 0 ;; (*) usage exit 1 ;; esac done if (( ${#install_gems[@]} > 0 && ${#install_rubies[@]} == 0 )) then install_rubies=( ruby ) fi true "${version:=head}" true "${branch:=master}" if [[ -z "${sources[@]}" ]] then sources=("${DEFAULT_SOURCES[@]}") fi rvm_src_path="$rvm_path/src" rvm_archives_path="$rvm_path/archives" rvm_releases_url="https://rvm.io/releases" } rvm_install_validate_rvm_path() { case "$rvm_path" in (*[[:space:]]*) printf "%b" " It looks you are one of the happy *space* users(in home dir name), RVM is not yet fully ready for it, use this trick to fix it: sudo mkdir -p /${USER// /_}.rvm sudo chown -R \"$USER:\" /${USER// /_}.rvm echo \"export rvm_path=/${USER// /_}.rvm\" >> \"$HOME/.rvmrc\" and start installing again. " exit 2 ;; (/usr/share/ruby-rvm) printf "%b" " It looks you are one of the happy Ubuntu users, RVM packaged by Ubuntu is old and broken, follow this link for details how to fix: http://stackoverflow.com/a/9056395/497756 " [[ "${rvm_uses_broken_ubuntu_path:-no}" == "yes" ]] || exit 3 ;; esac if [[ "$rvm_path" != "/"* ]] then fail "The rvm install path must be fully qualified. Tried $rvm_path" fi } rvm_install_select_and_get_version() { typeset _version_release for dir in "$rvm_src_path" "$rvm_archives_path" do [[ -d "$dir" ]] || mkdir -p "$dir" done _version_release="${version}" case "${version}" in (head) _version_release="${branch}" install_head sources[@] ${branch:-master} || exit $? ;; (latest) install_release sources[@] $(fetch_version sources[@]) || exit $? ;; (latest-minor) version="$(\cat "$rvm_path/VERSION")" install_release sources[@] $(fetch_version sources[@] ${version%.*}) || exit $? ;; (latest-*) install_release sources[@] $(fetch_version sources[@] ${version#latest-}) || exit $? ;; (+([[:digit:]]).+([[:digit:]]).+([[:digit:]])) # x.y.z install_release sources[@] ${version} || exit $? ;; (*) fail "Something went wrong, unrecognized version '$version'" ;; esac echo "${_version_release}" > "$rvm_path/RELEASE" } rvm_install_main() { [[ -f ./scripts/install ]] || { log "'./scripts/install' can not be found for installation, something went wrong, it usally means your 'tar' is broken, please report it here: https://github.com/rvm/rvm/issues" return 127 } # required flag - path to install flags+=( --path "$rvm_path" ) \command bash "${flags[@]}" } rvm_install_ruby_and_gems() ( if (( ${#install_rubies[@]} > 0 )) then source ${rvm_scripts_path:-${rvm_path}/scripts}/rvm source ${rvm_scripts_path:-${rvm_path}/scripts}/version __rvm_version for _ruby in ${install_rubies[@]} do command rvm "${forwarded_flags[@]}" install ${_ruby} -j 2 done # set the first one as default, skip rest for _ruby in ${install_rubies[@]} do rvm "${forwarded_flags[@]}" alias create default ${_ruby} break done for _gem in ${install_gems[@]} do rvm "${forwarded_flags[@]}" all do gem install ${_gem} done printf "%b" " * To start using RVM you need to run \`source $rvm_path/scripts/rvm\` in all your open shell windows, in rare cases you need to reopen all shell windows. " if [[ "${install_gems[*]}" == *"rails"* ]] then printf "%b" " * To start using rails you need to run \`rails new <project_dir>\`. " fi fi ) rvm_install() { rvm_install_initialize rvm_install_commands_setup rvm_install_default_settings rvm_install_parse_params "$@" rvm_install_validate_rvm_path rvm_install_select_and_get_version rvm_install_main rvm_install_ruby_and_gems } rvm_install "$@"
2、执行如下命令，进行安装
chmod +x rvm-installer.sh ./rvm-installer.sh
3、刷新rvm命令
source /etc/profile.d/rvm.sh
4、安装完毕
二、rubygems
1、简介：
RubyGems（简称 gems）是一个用于对 Ruby组件进行打包的 Ruby 打包系统。 它提供一个分发 Ruby 程序和库的标准格式，还提供一个管理程序包安装的工具。
RubyGems的功能类似于Linux下的apt-get。使用它可以方便第从远程服务器下载并安装Rails。
参考：https://rubygems.org/pages/download
2、安装步骤：
介绍两种安装方式
方式1：通过yum安装
yum install rubygems
方式2：源码安装
资源下载：rubygems-2.4.6.tgz
https://rubygems.org/pages/download
安装
tar –zxvf rubygems-2.4.6.tgzcd rubygems-2.4.6
ruby setup.rb
三、rake
1、简介
Rake的意思是Ruby Make，一个用ruby开发的代码构建工具。
2、安装步骤
介绍两种安装方式
方式1：通过gem安装
执行如下命令，即可完成安装
gem install rake
方式2：源码安装
资源下载：rake-0.8.7.tgz
安装
tar -zxvf rake-0.8.7.tgz cd ake-0.8.7 ruby install.rb
