Tiny_Lu
不忘初心

Day 74 十大接口/深度(联表)查询方式

DRF序列化

深度(联表)查询方式

子序列化

  1. 只能在序列化中使用

  2. 字段名必须是外键名(正向反向)

    相对于自定义序列化外键字段,自定义序列化字段是不参与反序列化的,而子序列化必须为外键名,所以也无法出库

  3. 在外键关联数据是多条时,需要明确many=True

  4. 是单向操作,因为作为子序列化的类必须写在上方,所以不能产生逆方向的子序列化

depth

自动深度,,值代表深度次数,但是被深度的外键采用__all__,显示所有字段(不建议使用)

@property

插拔式,名字不能与外键名相同

二次封装Response

"""
return MyResponse(status=1, msg='error', results=[], token='a.b.c', http_status=400, exception=True)

return Response(
    data={
        'status': 1,
        'msg': 'error',
        'results': [],
        token: 'a.b.c'
    },
    status=400,
    exception=True
)

return APIResponse(1, 'error', results=[], token='a.b.c', http_status=400, exception=True)
"""
from rest_framework.response import Response
class APIResponse(Response):
    def __init__(self, status=0, msg='ok', results=None, http_status=None,
                 headers=None, exception=False, content_type=None, **kwargs):
        # 将status、msg、results、kwargs格式化成data
        data = {
            'status': status,
            'msg': msg,
        }
        # results只要不为空都是数据:False、0、'' 都是数据 => 条件不能写if results
        if results is not None:
            data['results'] = results
        # 将kwargs中额外的k-v数据添加到data中
        data.update(**kwargs)

        super().__init__(data=data, status=http_status, headers=headers, exception=exception, content_type=content_type)
# 一定要在settings文件中将异常模块配置自己的异常处理函数
from rest_framework.views import exception_handler as drf_exception_handler
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework import status
def exception_handler(exc, context):
    response = drf_exception_handler(exc, context)
    detail = '%s - %s - %s' % (context.get('view'), context.get('request').method, exc)
    if not response:  # 服务端错误
        response = Response({'detail': detail}, status=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
    else:
        response.data = {'detail': detail}

    # 核心:要将response.data.get('detail')信息记录到日志文件
    # logger.waring(response.data.get('detail'))

    import sys
    sys.stderr.write('异常:%s\n' % response.data.get('detail'))

    return response

十大接口

单查群查

def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
    pk = kwargs.get('pk')
    if pk:
        book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False, pk=pk).first()
        book_ser = serializers.BookModelSerializer(book_obj)
    else:
        book_query = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
        book_ser = serializers.BookModelSerializer(book_query, many=True)
    return APIResponse(results=book_ser.data)
        # return Response(data=book_ser.data)

单删群删

def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
    """
    单删:接口:/books/(pk)/   数据:空
    群删:接口:/books/   数据:[pk1, ..., pkn]
    逻辑:修改is_delete字段,修改成功代表删除成功,修改失败代表删除失败
    """
    pk = kwargs.get('pk')
    if pk:
        pks = [pk]  # 将单删格式化成群删一条
    else:
        pks = request.data  # 群删
    try:  # 数据如果有误,数据库执行会出错
        rows = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False, pk__in=pks).update(is_delete=True)
    except:
        return APIResponse(1, '数据有误')
    if rows:
        return APIResponse(0, '删除成功')
    return APIResponse(1, '删除失败')

单增群增

def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
    """
    单增:接口:/books/   数据:{...}
    群增:接口:/books/   数据:[{...}, ..., {...}]
    逻辑:将数据给系列化类处理,数据的类型关系到 many 属性是否为True, 单增为字典类型,群增为列表类型
    """
    if isinstance(request.data, dict):
        many = False
    elif isinstance(request.data, list):
        many = True
    else:
        return Response(data={'detail': '数据有误'}, status=400)
    
    book_ser = serializers.BookModelSerializer(data=request.data, many=many)
    book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)  # 如果校验不通过,直接报异常
    book_obj_or_list = book_ser.save()
    return APIResponse(results=serializers.BookModelSerializer(book_obj_or_list, many=many).data)

整体单改群改

def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
    """
    单改:接口:/books/(pk)/   数据:{...}
    群增:接口:/books/   数据:[{pk, ...}, ..., {pk, ...}]
    逻辑:将数据给系列化类处理,数据的类型关系到 many 属性是否为True
    """
    pk = kwargs.get('pk')
    if pk:  # 单改
        try:
            # 与增的区别在于,需要明确被修改的对象,交给序列化类
            book_instance = models.Book.objects.get(is_delete=False, pk=pk)
        except:
            return Response({'detail': 'pk error'}, status=400)

        book_ser = serializers.BookModelSerializer(instance=book_instance, data=request.data)
        book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
        book_obj = book_ser.save()
        return APIResponse(results=serializers.BookModelSerializer(book_obj).data)
    else:  # 群改
        # 分析(重点):
        # 1)数据是列表套字典,每个字典必须带pk,就是指定要修改的对象,如果有一条没带pk,整个数据有误
        # 2)如果pk对应的对象已被删除,或是对应的对象不存在,可以认为整个数据有误(建议),可以认为将这些错误数据抛出即可
        request_data = request.data
        try:
            pks = []
            for dic in request_data:
                pk = dic.pop('pk')  # 解决分析1,没有pk pop方法就会抛异常
                pks.append(pk)

            book_query = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False, pk__in=pks).all()
            if len(pks) != len(book_query):
                raise Exception('pk对应的数据不存在')
        except Exception as e:
            return Response({'detail': '%s' % e}, status=400)

        book_ser = serializers.BookModelSerializer(instance=book_query, data=request_data, many=True)
        book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
        book_list = book_ser.save()
        return APIResponse(results=serializers.BookModelSerializer(book_list, many=True).data)

局部单改群改

def patch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
    pk = kwargs.get('pk')
    if pk:  # 单改
        try:
            book_instance = models.Book.objects.get(is_delete=False, pk=pk)
        except:
            return Response({'detail': 'pk error'}, status=400)
        # 设置partial=True的序列化类,参与反序列化的字段,都会置为选填字段
        # 1)提供了值得字段发生修改。
        # 2)没有提供的字段采用被修改对象原来的值

        # 设置context的值,目的:在序列化完成自定义校验(局部与全局钩子)时,可能需要视图类中的变量,如请求对象request
        # 可以通过context将其传入,在序列化校验方法中,self.context就能拿到传入的视图类中的变量
        book_ser = serializers.BookModelSerializer(instance=book_instance, data=request.data, partial=True, context={'request': request})
        book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
        book_obj = book_ser.save()
        return APIResponse(results=serializers.BookModelSerializer(book_obj).data)
    else:  # 群改
        request_data = request.data
        try:
            pks = []
            for dic in request_data:
                pk = dic.pop('pk')
                pks.append(pk)
            book_query = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False, pk__in=pks).all()
            if len(pks) != len(book_query):
                raise Exception('pk对应的数据不存在')
        except Exception as e:
            return Response({'detail': '%s' % e}, status=400)

        book_ser = serializers.BookModelSerializer(instance=book_query, data=request_data, many=True, partial=True)
        book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
        book_list = book_ser.save()
        return APIResponse(results=serializers.BookModelSerializer(book_list, many=True).data)
posted @ 2019-12-28 20:50  二二二二白、  阅读(215)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报