##  Session

1、概念:服务器端会话技术,再一次会话的多次请求间共享数据,将数据保存在服务器端的对象中,HttpSession

2、快速入门:

  1、获取Session对象

    HttpSession  session  =  request.getSession();

  2、使用HttpSession对象:

    Object  getAttribute(String  name)

    void  setAttribute(String  name,  Object  value)

    void  removeAttribute(String  name)

3、原理:session的实现是依赖于cookie的

 

 

4、细节

    1、当客户端关闭后,服务器不关闭,两次session是否为同一个?

    *  默认情况下,不是。

    *  如果需要相同,可以创建cookie,键为JSESSIONID,设置最大存活时间,让cookie持久化保存

package com.Session;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/sessionDemo02")
public class SessionDemo03 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //使用session获取数据
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        System.out.println(session);
        //期望关闭客户端,session也能相同
        Cookie c = new Cookie("JSESSIONID", session.getId());
        c.setMaxAge(60 * 60);
        response.addCookie(c);

    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

    2、客户端不关闭,服务器关闭后,两次获取的session是同一个吗?

    *  不是同一个,但是要确保数据不丢失。

      *  session的钝化:

        *  在服务器正常关闭之间,将session对象序列化到硬盘上

      *  session的活化

        *  在服务器启动后,将session文件转化为内存中的session对象即可

    3、session的失效时间?

      1、服务器关闭

      2、session对象调用invalidate()

      3、session默认实效时间是30分钟

        选择性配置修改:Tomcat的web.xml配置文件

  <!-- ==================== Default Session Configuration ================= -->
  <!-- You can set the default session timeout (in minutes) for all newly   -->
  <!-- created sessions by modifying the value below.                       -->

    <session-config>
        <session-timeout>30</session-timeout>
    </session-config>

5、session的特点

  1、session用于存储一次会话的多次请求的数据,存在服务器端

  2、session可以存储任意类型,任意大小的数据

  *  session与cookie的区别:

    1、session存储数据在服务器端,而cookie在客户端

    2、session没有数据大小限制,cookie有

    3、session数据安全,cookie相对于不安全

 6、session验证码登录案例

 

 验证码:

package com.ftj.Login;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;

/**
 * @author 21seu.ftj
 */
@WebServlet("/isCode")
public class CheckCode extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //定义验证码图片的宽高
        int width = 200;
        int height = 100;
        //画验证码
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_3BYTE_BGR);
        //画笔
        Graphics g = image.getGraphics();
        //设置画笔颜色
        g.setColor(Color.PINK);
        //画一个矩形
        g.fillRect(0,0,width,height);

        //设置画笔颜色
        g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        //画边框
        g.drawRect(0,0,width,height);
        //设置验证码字符随机的字符串
        String str = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
        Random r = new Random();
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            int index = r.nextInt(str.length());
            char ch = str.charAt(index);
            sb.append(ch);
            //把随机字符放进去
            g.drawString(ch+"",70+width/5 * i,height/2);
        }
        String str_code = sb.toString();
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        session.setAttribute("session_code",str_code);

        //画干扰线
        g.setColor(Color.green);
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            int x1 = r.nextInt(width);
            int x2 = r.nextInt(width);

            int y1 = r.nextInt(height);
            int y2 = r.nextInt(height);

            g.drawLine(x1,x2,y1,y2);

        }

        //将验证码输出到页面
        ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",response.getOutputStream());
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

登录jsp

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: 21seu.ftj
  Date: 2020/3/27
  Time: 20:08
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>登录</title>
</head>
<style>
    div{
        color: red;
    }
</style>
<script>
    window.onload = function () {
        let img = document.getElementById("img");
        img.onclick = function () {
            img.src = "/isCode?time=" + new Date().getTime();
        }
    }
</script>
<body>
<form action="/loginCheck1" method="post">
    <table>
        <tr>
            <td>用户名</td>
            <td>
                <input type="text" name="username" placeholder="请输入用户名">
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>密码</td>
            <td>
                <input type="password" name="password" placeholder="请输入密码">
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>验证码</td>
            <td>
                <input type="text" name="checkcode" placeholder="请输入验证码">
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td colspan="2"><img id="img" src="/isCode"></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td colspan="2">
                <input type="submit" value="登录">
            </td>
        </tr>
    </table>
    <div><%=request.getAttribute("error_msg") == null ? "" : request.getAttribute("error_msg")%>
    </div>
    <div><%=request.getAttribute("login_error") == null ? "" : request.getAttribute("login_error")%>
    </div>
</form>
</body>
</html>

登录验证

package com.ftj.Login;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author 21seu.ftj
 */
@WebServlet("/loginCheck1")
public class LoginCheck extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //设置获取参数的编码
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        //获取参数
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        String password = request.getParameter("password");
        String checkcode = request.getParameter("checkcode");
        //判断验证码是否正确
        //1、获取验证码servlet中的session
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        String session_code = (String) session.getAttribute("session_code");
        //优化1:如果登录成功,退出,验证码不会重新请求,历史记录还在
        session.removeAttribute("session_code");
        if (session_code != null && session_code.equalsIgnoreCase(checkcode)) {
            //一致,则去比较用户名密码
            if ("ftj".equals(username) && "123456".equals(password)) {
                //用户名和密码正确
                session.setAttribute("user", username);
                response.sendRedirect("/success.jsp");

            } else {
                //用户名和密码不正确
                //登录失败,信息存储到request
                request.setAttribute("login_error", "用户名或密码错误");
                //转发到登录页面
                request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request, response);
            }
        } else {
            //不一致,登录失败,提示信息存储到request中
            request.setAttribute("error_msg", "验证码不一致,登录失败!");
            //请求转发到login.jsp
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request, response);
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

 

Posted on 2020-03-27 22:04  夏洛蒂的手稿  阅读(194)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报