## Request
1、request对象和response对象的原理
1、request和response对象是由服务器创建的。我们来使用他们。
2、request对象是来获取请求消息,response对象是来设置响应消息
2、request对象集成体系结构:
ServletRequest:----接口
| 继承
HttpServletRequest: ----接口
| 实现
org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade 类(tomcat)
3、request功能
1、获取请求消息
1、获取请求行数据
* GET /day14/demo1?name=zhangsan HTTP/1.1
* 方法:
1、获取请求方式:GET
* String getMethod()
2、获取虚拟目录:/day14
* String getContextPath();
3、获取Servlet路径:/demo01
* String getServletPath();
4、获取GET方式请求参数:name=zhangsan
* String getQueryString();
5、获取请求的URI:/day14/demo1
* String getRequestURI(); /day14/demo1
* StringBuffer getRequestURL(); http://localhost/day14/demo1
URL:统一资源定位符 (中华人民共和国)
URI:统一资源标识符 (共和国)
6、获取协议及版本:GTTP/1.1
* String getProtocol();
7、获取客户机的IP地址:
* String getRemoteAddr();
2、获取请求头数据
* 方法:
* String getHeader(String name):通过请求头的名称来获取请求头的值
* getHeaderNames():获取所有请求头名称
3、获取请求体数据
* 请求体:只有POST请求方式,才有请求体,在请求体中封装了POST请求的的请求参数
* 步骤:
1、获取流对象
* BufferedReader getReader() 获取字符输入流,只能操作字符数据
package com.Request.demo03; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; @WebServlet("/requestDemo04") public class RequestDemo01 extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { BufferedReader br = request.getReader(); String line = null; while ((line = br.readLine()) != null){ System.out.println(line); //username=ftj&password=123 } } @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { } }
* ServletInputStream getInputStream() 获取字节输入流,可以操作所有类型的数据
2、再从流对象中拿数据
2、其他功能
1、获取请求参数通用方法
* String getParameter(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值 username=zhangsan&password=123
* String[] getParameterValues(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值的数组 hobbies=XX&hobbies=YY
* Enumeration<String> getParameterNames():获取所有请求参数名称
* Map<String,String[]> getParameterMap():所有参数的键值对集合
package com.Request.demo03; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Enumeration; @WebServlet("/requestDemo05") public class RequestDemo02 extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { /*Enumeration<String> parameterNames = req.getParameterNames(); while (parameterNames.hasMoreElements()){ String s = parameterNames.nextElement(); System.out.println(s); String[] para = req.getParameterValues(s); //System.out.println(para); for (String s1 : para) { System.out.println(s1); } }*/ req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); String username = req.getParameter("username"); System.out.println(username); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(req,resp); } }
2、请求转发:一种在服务器内部资源跳转的方式。
* 步骤:
1、通过request对象获取请求转发器对象:RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path)
2、使用这个对象进行转发:forward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)
* 特点:
1、地址栏路径没有发生变化
2、转发只能转发到当前服务器内部资源中
3、转发是一次请求
3、共享数据
* 域对象:一个有作用范围的对象,可以再范围内共享数据。
* request域:代表一次请求的范围,一般用于请求转发的多个资源中去共享数据
* 方法:
1、setAttribute(String name, Object obj):存储数据
2、getAttribute(String name):通过键来获取值
3、removeAttribute(String name):通过键来移除键值对
package com.Request.demo04; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; /** * 共享数据:request域 */ @WebServlet("/RequestDemo01") public class RequestDemo03 extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { request.setAttribute("msg","hello"); request.getRequestDispatcher("/RequestDemo02").forward(request,response); } @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { this.doPost(request,response); } }
package com.Request.demo04; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; @WebServlet("/RequestDemo02") public class RequestDemo04 extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { Object msg = request.getAttribute("msg"); System.out.println(msg); } @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { this.doPost(request,response); } }
4、获取ServletContext对象
* ServletContext getServletContext();