java集合--java.util.ConcurrentModificationException异常
ConcurrentModificationException 异常:并发修改异常,当方法检测到对象的并发修改,但不允许这种修改时,抛出此异常。一个线程对collection集合迭代,另一个线程对Collection进行修改的时候, 就会出现上面的异常.
下面看一下代码:
package cn.itcast.p4.list.demo; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.List; public class ListIteratorException { /** * @param args */ public static void main(String[] args) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub List<String>list = new ArrayList<String>(); list.add("abc1"); list.add("abc2"); list.add("abc3"); list.add("abc4"); Iterator it = list.iterator(); while(it.hasNext()){ String s = (String) it.next(); if(s.equals("abc2")){ list.remove(s); }else{ System.out.println(s); } } System.out.println(list); } }
运行结果:
abc1
Exception in thread "main" java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
at java.util.AbstractList$Itr.checkForComodification(AbstractList.java:372)
at java.util.AbstractList$Itr.next(AbstractList.java:343)
at cn.itcast.p4.list.demo.ListIteratorException.main(ListIteratorException.java:22)
看list.iterator()方法的源码:
public Iterator<E> iterator() { return new Itr(); }
private class Itr implements Iterator<E> { /** * Index of element to be returned by subsequent call to next. */ int cursor = 0; /** * Index of element returned by most recent call to next or * previous. Reset to -1 if this element is deleted by a call * to remove. */ int lastRet = -1; /** * The modCount value that the iterator believes that the backing * List should have. If this expectation is violated, the iterator * has detected concurrent modification.
通过看API AbstractList.class 发现该类里面有一个成员变量: protected transient int modCount = 0;
是不可被序列化的变量,当对集合进行add,remove,removeRange,addAll等修改动作的时候,没操作一次,modCount加1。
用来记录对集合修改的次数。
*/ int expectedModCount = modCount;//上面因为翻译过来,为迭代器的expectedModCount值和List集合中的modCount 初始值一致 public boolean hasNext() { return cursor != size(); } public E next() { checkForComodification();//每调用一次next方法,都要通过此方法检测expectedModCount(迭代对象的后) try { E next = get(cursor); lastRet = cursor++; return next; } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) { checkForComodification(); throw new NoSuchElementException(); } } public void remove() { if (lastRet == -1) throw new IllegalStateException(); checkForComodification(); try { AbstractList.this.remove(lastRet); if (lastRet < cursor) cursor--; lastRet = -1; expectedModCount = modCount; } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) { throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } } //用来检测现在的List中的modCount与创建迭代器的时候初始expectedModCount值是否想相等,不相等,返回异常ConcurrentModificationException final void checkForComodification() { if (modCount != expectedModCount) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } }
可能大家对modCount还不明白,再看下AbstractList.Class里面的源代码:
public abstract class AbstractList<E> extends AbstractCollection<E> implements List<E> { protected transient int modCount = 0; class SubList<E> extends AbstractList<E> { 。。。。。。。。省略很多代码。。。。。。。。。。。。。 public void add(int index, E element) { if (index<0 || index>size) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(); checkForComodification(); l.add(index+offset, element); expectedModCount = l.modCount; size++; modCount++; } public E remove(int index) { rangeCheck(index); checkForComodification(); E result = l.remove(index+offset); expectedModCount = l.modCount; size--; modCount++; return result; } } }
分析上面的源代码:
通过看API AbstractList.class 发现该类里面有一个成员变量: protected transient int modCount = 0, 是不可被序列化的变量,当对集合
进行add,remove,removeRange,addAll等修改动作的时候,每修改一次,modCount加1。用来记录对集合修改的次数。
private class Itr 类里面有一个成员变量expectedModCount,初始值和List中的modCount一样,只要在迭代的过程中线程没有对List集合进行
上面的修改动作,modCount值就不会变。那么expectedModCount=modCount条件始终成立,checkForComodification检测集合是否被修改的
方法里面的if判断不成立,不会抛出异常。
但是在我们的程序中,执行到list.remove(s);时候,一个线程对集合进行it.next()遍历,一个线程对集合进行remove动作,这样当删除"abc2"对象后,
list对象的成员变量modCount的值+1,但是迭代对象Itr 里面的expectedModCount不变,所以两个值不相等,等再次调用next()方法后,
调用checkForComodification方法,if条件成立,这样就抛出了异常。
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