广播接收者BroadcastReceiver
BroadcastReceiver与activity,service有完整的生命周期不同,BroadcastReceiver本质上是一系统级别的监听器,专门负责监听各程序发出的broadcast.与程序级别的监听器不同的是,例如OnXxxListener(),这些监听器运行在指定程序进程中,当程序退出时,oNXxxListener也随之关闭。但BroadcastReceiver属于系统级别的监听器,拥有自己的进程,只要存在与之匹配的Intent被广播出来,BroadcastReceiver总会被激发。
指定该BroadcastReceiver能匹配的Intent有两种方式:
1.使用代码指定:
调用BroadcastReceiver的context的registerReceiver(BroadcastReceiver recevier,IntentFilter filter).例如:
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter("android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED");
IncomingSMSRecevier receiver = new IncomingSMSRecevier();
registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
IncomingSMSRecevier receiver = new IncomingSMSRecevier();
registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
2.在AndroidManifest.xml文件中配置
<receiver android:name=".IncomingSMSRecevier ">
<intent-filter >
<action android:name="android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
<intent-filter >
<action android:name="android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
注意:如果BroadcastReceiver方法不能在10秒内执行完成,Android会认为该程序无响应,不要在BroadcastReceiver的OnReceiver方法内执行一些耗时的操作,否则会弹出ANR(Application No Response)的对话框。
例子,发送一个普通广播,接收广播的例子:
step1: main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<TextView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/hello" />
<Button android:id="@+id/send"
android:text="点击发送广播"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
/>
</LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<TextView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/hello" />
<Button android:id="@+id/send"
android:text="点击发送广播"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
/>
</LinearLayout>
step2:创建发送广播的activity为BroadCastMain:
package com.lp.ecjtu;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class BroadCastMain extends Activity {
private Button sendBtn;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
sendBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send);
sendBtn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent intent = new Intent();
//设置intent的Action属性
intent.setAction("com.lp.action.WELCOME_BROADCAST");
intent.putExtra("msg", "消息");
//发送广播,使用intent发送一条广播
sendBroadcast(intent);
}
});
}
}
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class BroadCastMain extends Activity {
private Button sendBtn;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
sendBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send);
sendBtn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent intent = new Intent();
//设置intent的Action属性
intent.setAction("com.lp.action.WELCOME_BROADCAST");
intent.putExtra("msg", "消息");
//发送广播,使用intent发送一条广播
sendBroadcast(intent);
}
});
}
}
step3:创建接收广播的类MyReceiver.java
package com.lp.ecjtu;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;
/** 当符合该MyReceiver的广播出现时,onReceive方法会被触发,从而显示广播所携带的消息 */
public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Toast.makeText(context, "接受到的Intent的Action是:"
+intent.getAction()
+"\n消息的内容为:"+intent.getStringExtra("msg")
, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;
/** 当符合该MyReceiver的广播出现时,onReceive方法会被触发,从而显示广播所携带的消息 */
public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Toast.makeText(context, "接受到的Intent的Action是:"
+intent.getAction()
+"\n消息的内容为:"+intent.getStringExtra("msg")
, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
step4:别忘了:在AndroidManifest.xml中增加:
<!-- 指定该BroadcastReceiver所响应的Intent的Action -->
<receiver android:name=".MyReceiver">
<intent-filter >
<action android:name="com.lp.action.WELCOME_BROADCAST"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
<receiver android:name=".MyReceiver">
<intent-filter >
<action android:name="com.lp.action.WELCOME_BROADCAST"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
step5运行结果:
广播又可以分为“普通广播”和“有序广播”,上面介绍的普通广播,下面介绍有序广播:
普通广播和有序广播各自的优缺点:
普通广播是完全异步的,可以在同一时刻(逻辑上)被所有接收者接收到,优点效率比较高,缺点接收者不能将处理结果传递给下一个接收者,并且无法终止广播Intent的传播。
有序广播是按照接收者声明的优先级别,被接收者依次接收广播。如:A的级别高于B,B的级别高于C,那么,广播首先传给A,再传给B,最后传给 C 。优先级别在<intent-filter>的android:priority属性中声明,数值越大优先级别越高,取值范围:-1000到 1000,优先级别也可以调用IntentFilter对象的setPriority()进行设置 。
有序广播的接收者可以终止广播Intent的传播,广播Intent的传播一旦终止,后面的接收者就无法接收到广播。另外,有序广播的接收者可以将数据传递给下一个接收者,如:A得到广播后,可以往它的结果对象中存入数据,当广播传给B时,B可以从A的结果对象中得到A存入的数据。
好吧知道了有序广播的原理后,我们来看一个例子:
step1:main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<TextView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/hello" />
<Button android:id="@+id/send"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="点击发送有序广播"
/>
</LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<TextView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/hello" />
<Button android:id="@+id/send"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="点击发送有序广播"
/>
</LinearLayout>
step2 发送有序广播:
package com.lp.ecjtu;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
public class BroadcastSorted extends Activity {
private Button sendbtn;
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
sendbtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send);
sendbtn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction("com.lp.action.WELCOME_BROADCAST");
intent.putExtra("msg", "消息");
//发送有序广播
sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, null);
}
});
}
}
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
public class BroadcastSorted extends Activity {
private Button sendbtn;
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
sendbtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send);
sendbtn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction("com.lp.action.WELCOME_BROADCAST");
intent.putExtra("msg", "消息");
//发送有序广播
sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, null);
}
});
}
}
step3 第一个BroadcastReceiver:
package com.lp.ecjtu;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Toast.makeText(context, "接收到的intent的action为:"+intent.getAction()
+"\nintent的消息的内容为:"+intent.getStringExtra("msg"), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
//创建一个Bundle对象
Bundle mBundle = new Bundle();
mBundle.putString("first", "第一个BroadcastReceiver存入的消息");
//将Bundle放入结果中
setResultExtras(mBundle);
//取消broadcast的继续传播
//abortBroadcast();
}
}
step4第二个BroadcastReceiver
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Toast.makeText(context, "接收到的intent的action为:"+intent.getAction()
+"\nintent的消息的内容为:"+intent.getStringExtra("msg"), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
//创建一个Bundle对象
Bundle mBundle = new Bundle();
mBundle.putString("first", "第一个BroadcastReceiver存入的消息");
//将Bundle放入结果中
setResultExtras(mBundle);
//取消broadcast的继续传播
//abortBroadcast();
}
}
step4第二个BroadcastReceiver
package com.lp.ecjtu;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MyReciever2 extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Bundle bundle = getResultExtras(true);
//解析前一个BroadcastReceiver所存入的key为first的消息
String first = bundle.getString("first");
Toast.makeText(context, "第一个Broadcast存入的消息为:"+first,500000).show();
}
}
step5:
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MyReciever2 extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Bundle bundle = getResultExtras(true);
//解析前一个BroadcastReceiver所存入的key为first的消息
String first = bundle.getString("first");
Toast.makeText(context, "第一个Broadcast存入的消息为:"+first,500000).show();
}
}
step5:
AndroidManifest.java
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.lp.ecjtu"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="10" />
<application
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<activity
android:name=".BroadcastSorted"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<receiver android:name=".MyReceiver" >
<intent-filter android:priority="20">
<action android:name="com.lp.action.WELCOME_BROADCAST"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
<receiver android:name=".MyReciever2" >
<intent-filter android:priority="0">
<action android:name="com.lp.action.WELCOME_BROADCAST"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
</application>
</manifest>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.lp.ecjtu"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="10" />
<application
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<activity
android:name=".BroadcastSorted"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<receiver android:name=".MyReceiver" >
<intent-filter android:priority="20">
<action android:name="com.lp.action.WELCOME_BROADCAST"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
<receiver android:name=".MyReciever2" >
<intent-filter android:priority="0">
<action android:name="com.lp.action.WELCOME_BROADCAST"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
</application>
</manifest>
step6效果图:分析:
该程序中包含两个BroadcastReceiver,分别为MyReciever,MyReciever2,由于MyReciever的优先级高,则如果加上abortBroadcast();将阻止消息的传播,不会传到MyReciever2,如果abortBroadcast();注释掉,则程序MyReciever2的OnReceive方法可以触发,并解析得到MyReciever存入结果中的key为first的消息。结果图:
MyReciever中接受到的内容:
MyReciever2:
其他广播Intent如
<action android:name="android.intent.action.BATTERY_CHANGED"/>电池电量变化广播Intent
<action android:name="android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED"/>短信
<action android:name="android.intent.action.NEW_OUTGOING_CALL"/>电话
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