Spring循环依赖的三种方式

 引言:循环依赖就是N个类中循环嵌套引用,如果在日常开发中我们用new 对象的方式发生这种循环依赖的话程序会在运行时一直循环调用,直至内存溢出报错。下面说一下spring是如果解决循环依赖的。

第一种:构造器参数循环依赖

Spring容器会将每一个正在创建的Bean 标识符放在一个“当前创建Bean池”中,Bean标识符在创建过程中将一直保持
在这个池中,因此如果在创建Bean过程中发现自己已经在“当前创建Bean池”里时将抛出
BeanCurrentlyInCreationException异常表示循环依赖;而对于创建完毕的Bean将从“当前创建Bean池”中清除掉。

首先我们先初始化三个Bean。

 1 public class StudentA {  
 2   
 3     private StudentB studentB ;  
 4   
 5     public void setStudentB(StudentB studentB) {  
 6         this.studentB = studentB;  
 7     }  
 8   
 9     public StudentA() {  
10     }  
11       
12     public StudentA(StudentB studentB) {  
13         this.studentB = studentB;  
14     }  
15 } 
 1 public class StudentB {  
 2   
 3     private StudentC studentC ;  
 4   
 5     public void setStudentC(StudentC studentC) {  
 6         this.studentC = studentC;  
 7     }  
 8       
 9     public StudentB() {  
10     }  
11   
12     public StudentB(StudentC studentC) {  
13         this.studentC = studentC;  
14     }  
15 }  
 1 public class StudentC {  
 2   
 3     private StudentA studentA ;  
 4   
 5     public void setStudentA(StudentA studentA) {  
 6         this.studentA = studentA;  
 7     }  
 8   
 9     public StudentC() {  
10     }  
11    
12     public StudentC(StudentA studentA) {  
13         this.studentA = studentA;  
14     }  
15 } 

OK,上面是很基本的3个类,,StudentA有参构造是StudentB。StudentB的有参构造是StudentC,StudentC的有参构造是StudentA ,这样就产生了一个循环依赖的情况,

我们都把这三个Bean交给Spring管理,并用有参构造实例化

1 <bean id="a" class="com.zfx.student.StudentA">  
2     <constructor-arg index="0" ref="b"></constructor-arg>  
3 </bean>  
4 <bean id="b" class="com.zfx.student.StudentB">  
5     <constructor-arg index="0" ref="c"></constructor-arg>  
6 </bean>  
7 <bean id="c" class="com.zfx.student.StudentC">  
8     <constructor-arg index="0" ref="a"></constructor-arg>  
9 </bean>

下面是测试类:

1 public class Test {  
2     public static void main(String[] args) {  
3         ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml");  
4         //System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class));  
5     }  
6 }  

执行结果报错信息为:

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException:   
    Error creating bean with name 'a': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?  

如果大家理解开头那句话的话,这个报错应该不惊讶,Spring容器先创建单例StudentA,StudentA依赖StudentB,然后将A放在“当前创建Bean池”中,此时创建StudentB,StudentB依赖StudentC ,然后将B放在“当前创建Bean池”中,此时创建StudentC,StudentC又依赖StudentA, 但是,此时Student已经在池中,所以会报错,,因为在池中的Bean都是未初始化完的,所以会依赖错误 ,(初始化完的Bean会从池中移除)

第二种:setter方式单例,默认方式

如果要说setter方式注入的话,我们最好先看一张Spring中Bean实例化的图

如图中前两步骤得知:Spring是先将Bean对象实例化之后再设置对象属性的

修改配置文件为set方式注入:

 1 <!--scope="singleton"(默认就是单例方式)  -->  
 2 <bean id="a" class="com.zfx.student.StudentA" scope="singleton">  
 3     <property name="studentB" ref="b"></property>  
 4 </bean>  
 5 <bean id="b" class="com.zfx.student.StudentB" scope="singleton">  
 6     <property name="studentC" ref="c"></property>  
 7 </bean>  
 8 <bean id="c" class="com.zfx.student.StudentC" scope="singleton">  
 9     <property name="studentA" ref="a"></property>  
10 </bean>

下面是测试类:

1 public class Test {  
2     public static void main(String[] args) {  
3         ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml");  
4         System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class));  
5     }  
6 } 

打印结果为:

com.zfx.student.StudentA@1fbfd6  

为什么用set方式就不报错了呢 ?

    我们结合上面那张图看,Spring先是用构造实例化Bean对象 ,此时Spring会将这个实例化结束的对象放到一个Map中,并且Spring提供了获取这个未设置属性的实例化对象引用的方法。   结合我们的实例来看,,当Spring实例化了StudentA、StudentB、StudentC后,紧接着会去设置对象的属性,此时StudentA依赖StudentB,就会去Map中取出存在里面的单例StudentB对象,以此类推,不会出来循环的问题喽、

下面是Spring源码中的实现方法,。以下的源码在Spring的Bean包中的DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.Java类中

 1   /** Cache of singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance(缓存单例实例化对象的Map集合) */  
 2     private final Map<String, Object> singletonObjects = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object>(64);  
 3       
 4     /** Cache of singleton factories: bean name --> ObjectFactory(单例的工厂Bean缓存集合) */  
 5     private final Map<String, ObjectFactory> singletonFactories = new HashMap<String, ObjectFactory>(16);  
 6       
 7     /** Cache of early singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance(早期的单身对象缓存集合) */  
 8     private final Map<String, Object> earlySingletonObjects = new HashMap<String, Object>(16);  
 9       
10     /** Set of registered singletons, containing the bean names in registration order(单例的实例化对象名称集合) */  
11     private final Set<String> registeredSingletons = new LinkedHashSet<String>(64);  
12     /** 
13      * 添加单例实例 
14      * 解决循环引用的问题 
15      * Add the given singleton factory for building the specified singleton 
16      * if necessary. 
17      * <p>To be called for eager registration of singletons, e.g. to be able to 
18      * resolve circular references. 
19      * @param beanName the name of the bean 
20      * @param singletonFactory the factory for the singleton object 
21      */  
22     protected void addSingletonFactory(String beanName, ObjectFactory singletonFactory) {  
23         Assert.notNull(singletonFactory, "Singleton factory must not be null");  
24         synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {  
25             if (!this.singletonObjects.containsKey(beanName)) {  
26                 this.singletonFactories.put(beanName, singletonFactory);  
27                 this.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName);  
28                 this.registeredSingletons.add(beanName);  
29             }  
30         }  
31     }

第三种:setter方式原型,prototype

修改配置文件为:

1     <bean id="a" class="com.zfx.student.StudentA" <span style="color:#FF0000;">scope="prototype"</span>>  
2         <property name="studentB" ref="b"></property>  
3     </bean>  
4     <bean id="b" class="com.zfx.student.StudentB" <span style="color:#FF0000;">scope="prototype"</span>>  
5         <property name="studentC" ref="c"></property>  
6     </bean>  
7     <bean id="c" class="com.zfx.student.StudentC" <span style="color:#FF0000;">scope="prototype"</span>>  
8         <property name="studentA" ref="a"></property>  
9     </bean>

scope="prototype" 意思是 每次请求都会创建一个实例对象。两者的区别是:有状态的bean都使用Prototype作用域,无状态的一般都使用singleton单例作用域。

测试用例:

1 public class Test {  
2     public static void main(String[] args) {  
3         ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml");  
4         <strong>//此时必须要获取Spring管理的实例,因为现在scope="prototype" 只有请求获取的时候才会实例化对象</strong>  
5         System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class));  
6     }  
7 }  

打印结果:

1 Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'a': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?

为什么原型模式就报错了呢 ?

对于“prototype”作用域Bean,Spring容器无法完成依赖注入,因为“prototype”作用域的Bean,Spring容
器不进行缓存,因此无法提前暴露一个创建中的Bean。

文章转载自:http://blog.csdn.net/u010644448/article/details/59108799

posted @ 2017-06-08 17:17  _Emotion丶小寳  阅读(1625)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报