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gdisk分区及swap分区

gdisk分区及swap分区

gdisk分区,分区表是GPT,支持更大的分区,128G

gdisk分区

一,添加硬盘

二,分区

1,安装gdisk
[root@oldboy ~]# yum install -y gdisk
2,查看
[root@oldboy ~]# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0   50G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    0  200M  0 part /boot
├─sda2   8:2    0    2G  0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3   8:3    0 47.8G  0 part /
sdb      8:16   0   20G  0 disk 
├─sdb1   8:17   0    1G  0 part /data2
├─sdb2   8:18   0    2G  0 part 
├─sdb3   8:19   0    7G  0 part 
├─sdb4   8:20   0    1K  0 part 
├─sdb5   8:21   0    5G  0 part 
└─sdb6   8:22   0    5G  0 part 
sdc      8:32   0    3T  0 disk 
sr0     11:0    1  4.3G  0 rom  

[root@oldboy ~]# ll /dev/sd*
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8,  0 Jul 16 19:09 /dev/sda
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8,  1 Jul 16 19:09 /dev/sda1
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8,  2 Jul 16 19:09 /dev/sda2
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8,  3 Jul 16 19:09 /dev/sda3
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 16 Jul 16 19:09 /dev/sdb
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 17 Jul 16 19:09 /dev/sdb1
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 18 Jul 16 19:09 /dev/sdb2
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 19 Jul 16 19:09 /dev/sdb3
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 20 Jul 16 19:09 /dev/sdb4
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 21 Jul 16 19:09 /dev/sdb5
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 22 Jul 16 19:09 /dev/sdb6
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 32 Jul 16 19:09 /dev/sdc

3,进行分区
[root@oldboy ~]# gdisk  /dev/sdc
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.10

Partition table scan:
  MBR: not present
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: not present

Creating new GPT entries.
Command (? for help): ?
	b   back up GPT data to a file                          #将GPT数据备份到文件中
	c   change a partition's name                           #更改分区的名称
**	d   delete a partition                                  #删除分区
	i   show detailed information on a partition            #显示分区的详细信息
**	l   list known partition types                          #列出已知的分区类型
**	n   add a new partition                                 #添加一个新的分区
	o   create a new empty GUID partition table (GPT)       #创建一个新的空GUID分区表(GPT)
**	p   print the partition table                           #打印分区表
**	q   quit without saving changes                         #没有保存更改就退出
	r   recovery and transformation options (experts only)  #恢复和转换选项(仅限专家使用)
	s   sort partitions                                     #年代分类分区
	t   change a partition's type code                      #不要更改分区的类型代码
	v   verify disk                                         #验证磁盘
**	w   write table to disk and exit                        #将表写入磁盘并退出
	x   extra functionality (experts only)                  #额外功能(仅限专家使用)
**	?   print this menu                                     #打印菜单
	
Command (? for help): n			#创建分区
Partition number (1-128, default 1): 		#选择分区表的编号,选择默认,直接回车键
First sector (34-6442450910, default = 2048) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: 	#扇区的开始位置,选择默认,直接回车键
Last sector (2048-6442450910, default = 6442450910) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: 
											#该分区扇区的结束位置,选择默认,只做一个分区,直接回车键,最大值
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): L			#显示其他文件类型
0700 Microsoft basic data  0c01 Microsoft reserved    2700 Windows RE          
3000 ONIE boot             3001 ONIE config           4100 PowerPC PReP boot   
4200 Windows LDM data      4201 Windows LDM metadata  7501 IBM GPFS            
7f00 ChromeOS kernel       7f01 ChromeOS root         7f02 ChromeOS reserved   
8200 Linux swap            8300 Linux filesystem      8301 Linux reserved      
8302 Linux /home           8400 Intel Rapid Start     8e00 Linux LVM           
a500 FreeBSD disklabel     a501 FreeBSD boot          a502 FreeBSD swap        
a503 FreeBSD UFS           a504 FreeBSD ZFS           a505 FreeBSD Vinum/RAID  
a580 Midnight BSD data     a581 Midnight BSD boot     a582 Midnight BSD swap   
a583 Midnight BSD UFS      a584 Midnight BSD ZFS      a585 Midnight BSD Vinum  
a800 Apple UFS             a901 NetBSD swap           a902 NetBSD FFS          
a903 NetBSD LFS            a904 NetBSD concatenated   a905 NetBSD encrypted    
a906 NetBSD RAID           ab00 Apple boot            af00 Apple HFS/HFS+      
af01 Apple RAID            af02 Apple RAID offline    af03 Apple label         
af04 AppleTV recovery      af05 Apple Core Storage    be00 Solaris boot        
bf00 Solaris root          bf01 Solaris /usr & Mac Z  bf02 Solaris swap        
bf03 Solaris backup        bf04 Solaris /var          bf05 Solaris /home       
bf06 Solaris alternate se  bf07 Solaris Reserved 1    bf08 Solaris Reserved 2  
bf09 Solaris Reserved 3    bf0a Solaris Reserved 4    bf0b Solaris Reserved 5  
c001 HP-UX data            c002 HP-UX service         ea00 Freedesktop $BOOT   
eb00 Haiku BFS             ed00 Sony system partitio  ed01 Lenovo system partit
Press the <Enter> key to see more codes: 		#翻页
ef00 EFI System            ef01 MBR partition scheme  ef02 BIOS boot partition 
fb00 VMWare VMFS           fb01 VMWare reserved       fc00 VMWare kcore crash p
fd00 Linux RAID            
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): 		#选择默认,直接回车
Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem'

Command (? for help): p		#打印分区的信息
Disk /dev/sdc: 6442450944 sectors, 3.0 TiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): C783DB62-2CE8-44B1-A2C2-3589541AF6E0
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 6442450910
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 2014 sectors (1007.0 KiB)

Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name
   1            2048      6442450910   3.0 TiB     8300  Linux filesystem

Command (? for help): w			#保存并退出

Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!

Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): y		#确认操作
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sdc.

The operation has completed successfully.
4,格式化,进行创建文件系统,centos7系列,统一使用xfs文件系统
[root@oldboy ~]# mkfs.xfs  /dev/sdc1
meta-data=/dev/sdc1              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=201326527 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=805306107, imaxpct=5
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=393215, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
5,挂载,创建一个挂载点
[root@oldboy ~]# mkdir  /gpt
[root@oldboy ~]# mount  /dev/sdc1  /gpt
[root@oldboy ~]# df -h |grep  sdc1
/dev/sdc1       3.0T   33M  3.0T   1% /gpt

[root@oldboy ~]# dd if=/dev/zero  of=/gpt/test.txt  bs=100M count=20  #挂载点下创建文件
20+0 records in
20+0 records out
2097152000 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 7.11174 s, 295 MB/s
[root@oldboy ~]# ll /gpt/
total 2048000
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2097152000 Jul 17 17:34 test.txt
[root@oldboy ~]# ll -h /gpt/
total 2.0G
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2.0G Jul 17 17:34 test.txt
[root@oldboy ~]# df -h |grep sdc1
/dev/sdc1       3.0T  2.0G  3.0T   1% /gpt
[root@oldboy ~]# umount /gpt
[root@oldboy ~]# ll /gpt
total 0
[root@oldboy ~]# mkdir  /data
[root@oldboy ~]# mount /dev/sdc1 /data
[root@oldboy ~]# ll /data
total 2048000
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2097152000 Jul 17 17:34 test.txt
6,永久挂载
[root@oldboy ~]# vim /etc/fstab 
[root@oldboy ~]# tail -1 /etc/fstab
/dev/sdc1                               /data                     xfs     defaults        0 0
[root@oldboy ~]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3        48G  2.9G   45G   6% /
devtmpfs        980M     0  980M   0% /dev
tmpfs           991M     0  991M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           991M  9.6M  981M   1% /run
tmpfs           991M     0  991M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1       197M  105M   93M  54% /boot
tmpfs           199M     0  199M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1      1014M  533M  482M  53% /data2
/dev/sdc1       3.0T  2.0G  3.0T   1% /data
[root@oldboy ~]# umount /data
[root@oldboy ~]# mount -a 
[root@oldboy ~]# echo $?
0
[root@oldboy ~]# vim /etc/fstab 
[root@oldboy ~]# mount -a 
mount: special device dev/sdc1 does not exist
[root@oldboy ~]# vim /etc/fstab 
[root@oldboy ~]# mount -a 
[root@oldboy ~]# df -h |grep sdc1
/dev/sdc1       3.0T  2.0G  3.0T   1% /data

parted 高级分区工具(了解)

模拟环境:

虚拟机增加一块100M硬盘(测试使用)

print 显示磁盘分区信息

mklabel mktable 创建磁盘分区表

mkpart 创建分区

rm 删除分区

q 退出不保存

mount 挂载命令

mount 挂载的命令
-t #文件系统
[root@oldboy ~]# mount -t xfs /dev/sdc1 /data
-o #指定挂载的参数
[root@oldboy ~]# mount -o ro /dev/sdc1 /data
-a #重新挂载配置/etc/fstab文件的分区表
[root@oldboy ~]# mount -a

umount 下载命令

umount 卸载命令
-l 强制卸载
-f 勉强下载不一定成功,退出当前目录进行下载

使用UUID进行挂载

[root@oldboy ~]# blkid |grep sdc
/dev/sdc1: UUID="813aae2a-b3eb-4f24-bef2-9a669abaf90e" TYPE="xfs" PARTLABEL="Linux filesystem" PARTUUID="c79e5fdf-1ea9-46a7-b5b9-931cf80fa3cb" 
[root@oldboy ~]# mount UUID="813aae2a-b3eb-4f24-bef2-9a669abaf90e"  /data
[root@oldboy ~]# vim /etc/fstab 
[root@oldboy ~]# tail -1 /etc/fstab
UUID="813aae2a-b3eb-4f24-bef2-9a669abaf90e"   /data                     xfs     defaults        0 0
[root@oldboy ~]# mount -a



/etc/fstab 文件的详细信息

/dev/sdb1 				/data1			  xfs     defaults        0 0
第一列:挂载的设备
第二列:挂载点
第三列:文件系统的类型
第四列:挂载的参数,defaults表示默认。
参数	含义
async/sync		是否同步方式运行,默认async(异步)。
user/nouser		是否允许普通用户使用mount命令挂载,默认nouser。
exec/noexec		是否允许可执行文件执行,默认exec。
suid/nosuid		是否允许存在suid属性的文件,默认suid。
auto/noauto		执行mount -a时,此文件系统是否被主动挂载,默认auto。
rw/ro			是否只读或者读写模式进行挂载。默认rw。
default			具有rw,suid,exec,auto,nouser,async等默认参数的设定。

第五列:是否使用dump进行备份。默认选择0
0	#不备份
1	#每天进行备份
2	#不定时的进行备份

第六列:是否通过fsck这个命令检测,默认是0
0	#不检查
1	#检查,如果存在根分区,这个值只能是根分区上面。
2	#检查,按照顺序进行检查。

swap介绍

企业案例

1.临时增加内存,需要找个1G的分区

2.使这个分区称为swap
[root@oldboy ~]# mkswap /dev/sdb2
3.扩容swap
[root@oldboy ~]# swapon /dev/sdb2
4.检查
[root@oldboy ~]# free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1980         100        1692           9         188        1695
Swap:          4095           0        4095
5.缩减swap内存
[root@oldboy ~]# swapoff /dev/sdb2
[root@oldboy ~]# free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1980         100        1691           9         188        1695
Swap:          2047           0        2047
6.禁用所有的swap
[root@oldboy ~]# swapoff -a
[root@oldboy ~]# free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1980          98        1694           9         187        1697
Swap:             0           0           0
7.恢复swap
[root@oldboy ~]# swapon -a
[root@oldboy ~]# free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1980          98        1694           9         187        1697
Swap:          2047           0        2047
8.检查swap在使用的设备
[root@oldboy ~]# swapon -s
Filename				Type		Size	Used	Priority
/dev/sda2                              	partition	2097148	0	-2
/dev/sdb2                              	partition	2097148	0	-3


9.通过一个大文件的方式添加临时内存
[root@oldboy ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/data/swap_file bs=100M count=10
10+0 records in
10+0 records out
1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 0.992418 s, 1.1 GB/s
[root@oldboy ~]# ll /data
data/  data1/ data2/ 
[root@oldboy ~]# ll /data/swap_file 
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1048576000 Jul 17 19:00 /data/swap_file
[root@oldboy ~]# chmod 600 /data/swap_file
[root@oldboy ~]# file /data/swap_file
/data/swap_file: data

[root@oldboy ~]# mkswap  -f  /data/swap_file
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1023996 KiB
no label, UUID=d822190d-7826-4fb4-9f1c-e011cd421eca
[root@oldboy ~]# file /data/swap_file
/data/swap_file: Linux/i386 swap file (new style), version 1 (4K pages), size 255999 pages, no label, UUID=d822190d-7826-4fb4-9f1c-e011cd421eca
[root@oldboy ~]# swapon /data/swap_file 
swapon: /data/swap_file: insecure permissions 0644, 0600 suggested.
[root@oldboy ~]# free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1980          99         663           9        1217        1682
Swap:          3047           0        3047
posted @ 2019-07-17 14:57  1naonao  阅读(781)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报