Django---admin组件使用
激活管理工具
一般我们在生成项目时会在urls.py中自动设置好
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), ]
然后django的管理工具就可以运行了
使用管理工具
启动开发服务器，然后在浏览器中访问 http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/，得到登陆界面，你可以通过命令 python manage.py createsuperuser 来创建超级用户。
为了让 admin 界面管理某个数据模型，我们需要先注册该数据模型到 admin
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class UserInfo(models.Model): name=models.CharField(max_length=32) pwd=models.CharField(max_length=32) email=models.EmailField() roles=models.ManyToManyField(to="Role") def __str__(self): return self.name class Role(models.Model): title=models.CharField(max_length=32) permission=models.ManyToManyField(to="Permission") def __str__(self): return self.title class Menu(models.Model): caption=models.CharField(max_length=32) def __str__(self): return self.caption class Permission(models.Model): url=models.CharField(max_length=32) title=models.CharField(max_length=32) permission_group=models.ForeignKey(to="PermissionGroup",default=1) code=models.CharField(max_length=32,default="") parent=models.ForeignKey("self",null=True,blank=True) def __str__(self): return self.title class PermissionGroup(models.Model): caption=models.CharField(max_length=32) menu=models.ForeignKey(to="Menu",default=1) def __str__(self): return self.caption
admin定制
我们在对应的应用下面的admin.py中只需要讲Model中的某个类注册，也就是说在admin中实现增删查改的功能
admin.site.register(models.UserInfo)
但是这种方式比较简单，想要进行更多的操作就要利用ModelAdmin进行操作
方式一： class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('user', 'pwd',) admin.site.register(models.UserInfo, UserAdmin) # 第一个参数可以是列表 方式二： @admin.register(models.UserInfo) # 第一个参数可以是列表 class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('user', 'pwd',)
可定制功能
ModelAdmin中提供了大量的可定制功能
1.list_display,列表时，定制显示的列
from django.contrib import admin # Register your models here. from .models import * class UserInfoConfig(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ["id","name","email"] admin.site.register(UserInfo,UserInfoConfig)
2.list_display_links，列表时，定制列可以点击跳转
from django.contrib import admin # Register your models here. from .models import * class UserInfoConfig(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ["id","name","email"] list_display_links = ["name"] admin.site.register(UserInfo,UserInfoConfig)
3.list_filter,列表时，定制右侧快速筛选
4. list_select_related，列表时，连表查询是否自动select_related
5. list_editable，列表时，可以编辑的列
from django.contrib import admin # Register your models here. from .models import * class UserInfoConfig(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ["id","name","email"] list_editable = ("email",) admin.site.register(UserInfo,UserInfoConfig)
6.search_fileds,列表时，迷糊搜索功能
from django.contrib import admin # Register your models here. from .models import * class UserInfoConfig(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ["id","name","email"] search_fields = ("name") admin.site.register(UserInfo,UserInfoConfig)
7. date_hierarchy，列表时，对Date和DateTime类型进行搜索
from django.contrib import admin # Register your models here. from .models import * class UserInfoConfig(admin.ModelAdmin): date_hierarchy = 'ctime' admin.site.register(UserInfo,UserInfoConfig)
8. inlines，详细页面，如果有其他表和当前表做FK，那么详细页面可以进行动态增加和删除
class UserInfoInline(admin.StackedInline): # TabularInline extra = 0 model = models.UserInfo class GroupAdminMode(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('id', 'title',) inlines = [UserInfoInline, ]
9.action,列表时，定制action中的操作
class UserInfoConfig(admin.ModelAdmin): # 定制Action行为具体方法 def func(self, request, queryset): print(self, request, queryset) print(request.POST.getlist('_selected_action')) func.short_description = "中文显示自定义Actions" actions = [func, ] # Action选项都是在页面上方显示 actions_on_top = True # Action选项都是在页面下方显示 actions_on_bottom = False # 是否显示选择个数 actions_selection_counter = True admin.site.register(UserInfo,UserInfoConfig)
10.定制HTML魔板
add_form_template = None change_form_template = None change_list_template = None delete_confirmation_template = None delete_selected_confirmation_template = None object_history_template = None
11. raw_id_fields，详细页面，针对FK和M2M字段变成以Input框形式
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): raw_id_fields = ('FK字段', 'M2M字段',)
12.fileds,详细页面时，显示字段的字段
from django.contrib import admin # Register your models here. from .models import * class UserInfoConfig(admin.ModelAdmin): fields = ["name"] admin.site.register(UserInfo,UserInfoConfig)
13. exclude，详细页面时，排除的字段，也就是和fileds相反，除了这个字段，其余的全显示
from django.contrib import admin # Register your models here. from .models import * class UserInfoConfig(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ["id","name","email"] exclude = ["name"] #和files相反，意思就是除了这个字段，其余字段都展示 admin.site.register(UserInfo,UserInfoConfig)
14. readonly_fields，详细页面时，只读字段
from django.contrib import admin # Register your models here. from .models import * class UserInfoConfig(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ["id","name","email"] readonly_fields = ["name"] #只读，只让看不让动 admin.site.register(UserInfo,UserInfoConfig)
15.fieldsets，详细页面时，使用fieldsets标签对数据进行分割显示
from django.contrib import admin # Register your models here. from .models import * class UserInfoConfig(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ["id","name","email"] fieldsets = ( ('基本数据', { 'fields': ('name', 'email') }), ('其他', { 'classes': ('collapse', 'wide', 'extrapretty'), # 'collapse','wide', 'extrapretty' 'fields': ('roles',), }), ) admin.site.register(UserInfo,UserInfoConfig)
16 详细页面时，M2M显示时，数据移动选择（方向：上下和左右）
from django.contrib import admin # Register your models here. from .models import * class UserInfoConfig(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ["id","name","email"] filter_vertical = ("m2m字段",) # 或filter_horizontal = ("m2m字段",) admin.site.register(UserInfo,UserInfoConfig)
17.ordering，列表时，数据排序规则
from django.contrib import admin # Register your models here. from .models import * class UserInfoConfig(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ["id","name","email"] ordering = ('-id',) 或 def get_ordering(self, request): return ['-id', ] admin.site.register(UserInfo,UserInfoConfig)
18. radio_fields，详细页面时，使用radio显示选项（FK默认使用select）
radio_fields = {"ug": admin.VERTICAL} # 或admin.HORIZONTAL
19.form = ModelForm，用于定制用户请求时候表单验证
from app01 import models from django.forms import ModelForm from django.forms import fields class MyForm(ModelForm): others = fields.CharField() class Meta: model = models = models.UserInfo fields = "__all__" @admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): form = MyForm
20.empty_value_display = "列数据为空时，显示默认值"
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): empty_value_display = "列数据为空时，默认显示" list_display = ('user','pwd','up') def up(self,obj): return obj.user up.empty_value_display = "指定列数据为空时，默认显示"
