Java基础——GUI编程（二）
一、事件监听机制
-- 事件源：awt 或swing包中的那些图形界面组件,即发生事件的组件
-- 事件：Event 用户对组件的一个操作
-- 监听器：Listener 负责处理事件的方法
二、java.awt.event 包下的类
WindowEvent //窗口事件,比如用户点了半闭窗口,窗口得到或失去焦点,最大化最小化等
MouseEvent //鼠标事件,鼠标按下,鼠标释放,点击(按下后再松开)等
ActionEvent //动作事件,它不是代表一个具体动作,而是一种语义,比如按纽,或菜单被点击,在文本框中按下回车等,可以这样理解:用户的某一动作导致了某个组件本身的基本作用发生了,这就是ActionEvent事件
不同的事件类型,对应着不同的事件监听器接口,接口的名称和事件的名称是相对应的。
WindowEvent - >WindowListener
MouseEvent ->MouseListener
ActionEvent ->ActionListener
代码示例：
import java.awt.Frame; import java.awt.event.WindowEvent; import java.awt.event.WindowListener; public class Test20 { public static void main(String[] args) { Frame f = new Frame(); f.setSize(400, 400); f.setVisible(true); f.addWindowListener(new WindowListener() { @Override public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) { // 窗口被打开 // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) { // 设置关闭事件 // TODO Auto-generated method stub System.exit(0); } @Override public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e) { // 用户已经关闭窗口 // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void windowIconified(WindowEvent e) { // 被最小化的时候 // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void windowDeiconified(WindowEvent e) { // 最小化被还原的时候 // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) { // 窗体被激活 // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent e) { // 失去焦点的时候 // TODO Auto-generated method stub } }); } }
有没有发现，用WindowListener接口的时候，会引入一大堆不常用的代码（这里我们只想设置关闭），借口里的方法只能被覆盖，又不能删掉，这样就是的整个项目显得很罗嗦，为了解决这个事情，就有了事件适配器。
三、事件适配器
JDK 针对大多数事件监听器接口类定义了相应的实现类（里面有很多空实现的方法，方便我们创建侦听器对象），我们称为事件适配器类。这里我用到了WindowAdapter。
import java.awt.Frame; import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter; import java.awt.event.WindowEvent; public class Test21 { public static void main(String[] args) { Frame f = new Frame("事件适配器的栗子"); f.setSize(400, 400); f.setVisible(true); f.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) { System.exit(0); } }); } }
可以观察一下WindowAdapter类的源码，找找感觉。
public abstract class WindowAdapter implements WindowListener, WindowStateListener, WindowFocusListener { /** * Invoked when a window has been opened. */ public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) {} /** * Invoked when a window is in the process of being closed. * The close operation can be overridden at this point. */ public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {} /** * Invoked when a window has been closed. */ public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e) {} /** * Invoked when a window is iconified. */ public void windowIconified(WindowEvent e) {} /** * Invoked when a window is de-iconified. */ public void windowDeiconified(WindowEvent e) {} /** * Invoked when a window is activated. */ public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {} /** * Invoked when a window is de-activated. */ public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent e) {} /** * Invoked when a window state is changed. * @since 1.4 */ public void windowStateChanged(WindowEvent e) {} /** * Invoked when the Window is set to be the focused Window, which means * that the Window, or one of its subcomponents, will receive keyboard * events. * * @since 1.4 */ public void windowGainedFocus(WindowEvent e) {} /** * Invoked when the Window is no longer the focused Window, which means * that keyboard events will no longer be delivered to the Window or any of * its subcomponents. * * @since 1.4 */ public void windowLostFocus(WindowEvent e) {} }
练习几个个事件处理程序的栗子吧。
例一：
import java.awt.Button; import java.awt.FlowLayout; import java.awt.Frame; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; //例一：在窗体中放置一个按纽,点击后让程序退出 class TestFrame implements ActionListener { // ActionListener接口里面只有一个方法，下面会重写 private Frame f; public TestFrame() { f = new Frame("窗口"); init(); } private void init() { f.setSize(300, 300); f.setLayout(new FlowLayout());// 布局模式 Button b = new Button("退出程序"); b.addActionListener(this); f.add(b); f.setVisible(true); } @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub f.setVisible(false); f.dispose();// 在关闭的时候，可以用它来销毁窗体资源 System.exit(0);// 退出 } } public class Test22 { public static void main(String[] args) { new TestFrame(); } }
上面的，点击退出程序按钮才可以退出，点击右上角的X，是不可以退出的哦。因为没有设置WindowListener哦。
这个例子用到ActionListener接口，可以看一下它的源代码，如下：
public interface ActionListener extends EventListener { /** * Invoked when an action occurs. */ public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e); }
例二：
import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.FlowLayout; import java.awt.Frame; import java.awt.TextField; import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter; import java.awt.event.KeyEvent; import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter; import java.awt.event.WindowEvent; //在窗体中,放置一个文本框,能过滤非法字符( 除了数字以外的 ) public class TestFrame { private Frame f; private TextField txtNo;// TextField代表文本框 public TestFrame() { f = new Frame("请输入密码"); //f.setBackground(red);这里我自己试的, 没成功
f.setBackground(Color.red);//这样就可以了
f.setBounds(50, 50, 400, 400);// 设置窗口坐标和大小 f.setLayout(new FlowLayout());// 设置窗体布局 txtNo = new TextField(10);// 设置输入窗口的显示长度。输入的内容长度没有界限 f.add(txtNo); txtNo.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() { // 从JDk中粘贴过来这个方法来用 public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) { int code = e.getKeyCode(); if (!(code >= KeyEvent.VK_0 && code <= KeyEvent.VK_9)) {// 设置输入内容为0-9 System.out.println(KeyEvent.getKeyText(code) + "输入有误"); e.consume(); } } }); f.setVisible(true); f.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) { f.dispose(); System.exit(0); } }); } }
测试类：
public class Test23 { public static void main(String[] args) { new TestFrame(); } }
例三：
列出指定目录的内容：
import java.awt.Button; import java.awt.FlowLayout; import java.awt.Frame; import java.awt.TextArea; import java.awt.TextField; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter; import java.awt.event.WindowEvent; import java.io.File; public class Test24 { public static void main(String[] args) { new MyWindow(); } } class MyWindow { MyWindow() { init(); } private Frame f; private Button b; private TextField txtDir;// 用来输入目录名称 private TextArea txtFileList;// 用来显示文件列表 private void init() { f = new Frame("窗口"); f.setBounds(44, 44, 500, 500); f.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); txtDir = new TextField(8); b = new Button("显示"); txtFileList = new TextArea(20, 30);// 用来显示文件列表的区域 f.add(txtDir); f.add(b); f.add(txtFileList); initEvent(); f.setVisible(true); } private void initEvent() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub f.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { /** * Invoked when a window is in the process of being closed. The * close operation can be overridden at this point. */ public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) { System.exit(0); } }); b.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { /** * Invoked when an action occurs. */ public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { txtFileList.setText(""); String dirStr = txtDir.getText();// 取出用户输入的路径 File file = new File(dirStr); if (file.isDirectory() && file.exists()) { String[] fileNameList = file.list(); for (String s : fileNameList) { txtFileList.append(s + "\r\n");// 别忘了换行符 } } else { txtFileList.append("输入有误，请重新输入"); } } }); } }
结果：（我让它显示我D盘的目录）
