Redis数据类型-Strings

Redis 简介

REmote DIctionary Server(Redis) 是一个由Salvatore Sanfilippo写的key-value存储系统。

Redis是一个开源的使用ANSI C语言编写的基于内存的可持久化的Key-Value数据库。

Redis的数据类型

string,list,hash,set,sorted set

String

string是redis最基本的类型,而且string类型是二进制安全的。意思是redis的string可以包含任何数据,比如jpg图片或者序列化的对象。 

与String相关的常用命令:

  • SET:为一个key设置value,可以配合EX/PX参数指定key的有效期,通过NX/XX参数针对key是否存在的情况进行区别操作,时间复杂度O(1)
  • GET:获取某个key对应的value,时间复杂度O(1)
  • GETSET:为一个key设置value,并返回该key的原value,时间复杂度O(1)
  • MSET:为多个key设置value,时间复杂度O(N)
  • MSETNX:同MSET,如果指定的key中有任意一个已存在,则不进行任何操作,时间复杂度O(N)
  • MGET:获取多个key对应的value,时间复杂度O(N)

如果保存的是整数值并且可以用long表示,那么编码会设置为INT,那么还有额外的命令

  • INCR:将key对应的value值自增1,并返回自增后的值。只对可以转换为整型的String数据起作用。时间复杂度O(1)
  • INCRBY:将key对应的value值自增指定的整型数值,并返回自增后的值。只对可以转换为整型的String数据起作用。时间复杂度O(1)
  • DECR/DECRBY:同INCR/INCRBY,自减函数。

用法1

 1 127.0.0.1:6379> set test-string hi
 2 OK
 3 127.0.0.1:6379> get test-string
 4 "hi"
 5 127.0.0.1:6379> getset test-string2 "how are you"
 6 (nil)
 7 127.0.0.1:6379> getset test-string2 "how are you"
 8 "how are you"
 9 127.0.0.1:6379> mset test-string hello test-string2 "good to see you"
10 OK
11 127.0.0.1:6379> get test-string
12 "hello"
13 127.0.0.1:6379> get test-string2
14 "good to see you"

用法2

 1 127.0.0.1:6379> mget test-string test-string2
 2 1) "hello"
 3 2) "good to see you"
 4 127.0.0.1:6379> append test-string2 "!"
 5 (integer) 16
 6 127.0.0.1:6379> get test-string2
 7 "good to see you!"
 8 127.0.0.1:6379> set test-string2 20
 9 OK
10 127.0.0.1:6379> incr test-string2
11 (integer) 21
12 127.0.0.1:6379> 

 

string的encoding

字符串对象的编码可以是 INT、RAW 或 EMBSTR。如果保存的是整数值并且可以用long表示,那么编码会设置为INT。当字符串值得长度大于39字节使用raw 并且用sds来保存,小于等于39字节使用embstr。

 

127.0.0.1:6379> object encoding test-string 
"embstr"
127.0.0.1:6379> object encoding test-string2
"int"
127.0.0.1:6379> 
1 127.0.0.1:6379> set l39 111111111122222222223333333333444444444
2 OK
3 127.0.0.1:6379> object encoding l39
4 "embstr"
5 127.0.0.1:6379> set l40 1111111111222222222233333333334444444444
6 OK
7 127.0.0.1:6379> object encoding l40
8 "raw"
9 127.0.0.1:6379> 

 

encoding的变换

1 127.0.0.1:6379> append test-string2 " is a raw"
2 (integer) 11
3 127.0.0.1:6379> object encoding test-string2
4 "raw"

向一个保存整数值的字符串对象追加了一个字符串,程序会先将之前保存的整数值 转换为字符串值  , 然后再执行追加操作, 操作的执行结果就是一个 raw 编码的、保存了字符串值的字符串对象。

 1 127.0.0.1:6379> set test-string2 "I'm a embstr"
 2 OK
 3 127.0.0.1:6379> set test-string3 "I'm a embstr"
 4 OK
 5 127.0.0.1:6379> get test-string3
 6 "I'm a embstr"
 7 127.0.0.1:6379> object encoding test-string3
 8 "embstr"
 9 127.0.0.1:6379> append test-string3 " I changed to raw"
10 (integer) 29
11 127.0.0.1:6379> get test-string3
12 "I'm a embstr I changed to raw"
13 127.0.0.1:6379> object encoding test-string3
14 "raw"

 embstr 编码的字符串对象实际上是只读的, 当我们对 embstr 编码的字符串对象执行任何修改命令时, redis会先将encoding从 embstr 转换成 raw , 然后再执行修改命令; 因为这个原因, embstr 编码的字符串对象在执行修改命令之后, 总会变成一个 raw 编码的字符串对象

源码

先看一下sds

 1 struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) sdshdr5 {
 2     unsigned char flags; /* 3 lsb of type, and 5 msb of string length */
 3     char buf[];
 4 };
 5 struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) sdshdr8 {
 6     uint8_t len; /* used */
 7     uint8_t alloc; /* excluding the header and null terminator */
 8     unsigned char flags; /* 3 lsb of type, 5 unused bits */
 9     char buf[];
10 };

 

 1 /* Create a string object with encoding OBJ_ENCODING_RAW, that is a plain
 2  * string object where o->ptr points to a proper sds string. */
 3 robj *createRawStringObject(const char *ptr, size_t len) {
 4     return createObject(OBJ_STRING, sdsnewlen(ptr,len));
 5 }
 6 
 7 /* Create a string object with encoding OBJ_ENCODING_EMBSTR, that is
 8  * an object where the sds string is actually an unmodifiable string
 9  * allocated in the same chunk as the object itself. */
10 robj *createEmbeddedStringObject(const char *ptr, size_t len) {
11     robj *o = zmalloc(sizeof(robj)+sizeof(struct sdshdr8)+len+1);
12     struct sdshdr8 *sh = (void*)(o+1);
13 
14     o->type = OBJ_STRING;
15     o->encoding = OBJ_ENCODING_EMBSTR;
16     o->ptr = sh+1;
17     o->refcount = 1;
18     if (server.maxmemory_policy & MAXMEMORY_FLAG_LFU) {
19         o->lru = (LFUGetTimeInMinutes()<<8) | LFU_INIT_VAL;
20     } else {
21         o->lru = LRU_CLOCK();
22     }
23 
24     sh->len = len;
25     sh->alloc = len;
26     sh->flags = SDS_TYPE_8;
27     if (ptr == SDS_NOINIT)
28         sh->buf[len] = '\0';
29     else if (ptr) {
30         memcpy(sh->buf,ptr,len);
31         sh->buf[len] = '\0';
32     } else {
33         memset(sh->buf,0,len+1);
34     }
35     return o;
36 }
37 
38 /* Create a string object with EMBSTR encoding if it is smaller than
39  * OBJ_ENCODING_EMBSTR_SIZE_LIMIT, otherwise the RAW encoding is
40  * used.
41  *
42  * The current limit of 44 is chosen so that the biggest string object
43  * we allocate as EMBSTR will still fit into the 64 byte arena of jemalloc. */
44 #define OBJ_ENCODING_EMBSTR_SIZE_LIMIT 44
45 robj *createStringObject(const char *ptr, size_t len) {
46     if (len <= OBJ_ENCODING_EMBSTR_SIZE_LIMIT)
47         return createEmbeddedStringObject(ptr,len);
48     else
49         return createRawStringObject(ptr,len);
50 }

 

posted @ 2018-12-17 16:09  JustDotNet  阅读(225)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报