Linux 更换国内源
1.事件背景
事情起因是因为我想安装xvfb，执行sudo apt-get install xvfb发现安装报错，看报错原因是被墙导致，因为我用的默认源也没有挂代理；然后就百度，发现都是互相抄，什么换阿里源啊，163源、中科源之类，我都试过，并且发现这些源在更新过程会有一些错误或者更新被忽略，导致我再次执行sudo apt-get install -y xvfb报错说未找到包。
我就接着百度，然后有一条评论给了我灵感，既然默认源切换国区可以安装包，那么我把默认域名us.ports.ubuntu.com换成国内的，us代表美国，zh代表中国，我就试了zh.ports.ubuntu.com，发现真的可以！
2. 替换方法
Ps：我使用的系统是Ubuntu 18.04 LTS
1.先对默认源进行备份
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
2.进入默认源编辑
sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list
3.全局替换
3.1 按ESC键输入:
3.2 粘贴下面批量替换命令
%s/us\./zh\./g
4. 保存后再执行更新源命令
执行完上述操作步骤后再输入你想安装的包，会发现可以安装了！
最后我想吐槽那些原封不动的抄袭者，虽然转载他人文章可以备份，但是当某一天你想上网查找一个问题的解决方法时，发现全网都是同一个答案，还是一模一样的，而想要找到真正有用的答案无异于海底捞针！
3. 完整源文件备份
默认源文件
# # deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 18.04.3 LTS _Bionic Beaver_ - Release arm64 (20190805)]/ bionic main restricted #deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 18.04.3 LTS _Bionic Beaver_ - Release arm64 (20190805)]/ bionic main restricted # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to # newer versions of the distribution. deb http://us.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main restricted # deb-src http://us.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main restricted ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the ## distribution. deb http://us.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main restricted # deb-src http://us.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main restricted ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any ## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team. deb http://us.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic universe # deb-src http://us.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic universe deb http://us.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates universe # deb-src http://us.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates universe ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu ## security team. deb http://us.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic multiverse # deb-src http://us.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic multiverse deb http://us.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates multiverse # deb-src http://us.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates multiverse ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features. ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team. deb http://us.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src http://us.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's ## 'partner' repository. ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the ## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users. # deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner # deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security main restricted # deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security main restricted deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security universe # deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security universe deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security multiverse # deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security multiverse
修改后国内可用源文件
# # deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 18.04.3 LTS _Bionic Beaver_ - Release arm64 (20190805)]/ bionic main restricted #deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 18.04.3 LTS _Bionic Beaver_ - Release arm64 (20190805)]/ bionic main restricted # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to # newer versions of the distribution. deb http://zh.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main restricted # deb-src http://zh.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main restricted ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the ## distribution. deb http://zh.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main restricted # deb-src http://zh.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main restricted ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any ## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team. deb http://zh.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic universe # deb-src http://zh.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic universe deb http://zh.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates universe # deb-src http://zh.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates universe ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu ## security team. deb http://zh.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic multiverse # deb-src http://zh.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic multiverse deb http://zh.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates multiverse # deb-src http://zh.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates multiverse ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features. ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team. deb http://zh.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src http://zh.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's ## 'partner' repository. ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the ## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users. # deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner # deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security main restricted # deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security main restricted deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security universe # deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security universe deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security multiverse # deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-security multiverse
