.NET 最好用的验证组件 FluentValidation

前言

一个 .NET 验证框架,支持链式操作,易于理解,功能完善,组件内提供十几种常用验证器,可扩展性好,支持自定义验证器,支持本地化多语言。

项目介绍

FluentValidation 是一个开源的 .NET 库,用于验证对象的属性。

它提供了一种简单而强大的方式来定义和执行验证规则,使验证逻辑的编写和维护更加直观和便捷。

相较于传统的数据注解,FluentValidation 提供了更灵活、可扩展的验证规则定义方式。

通过流畅且易于理解的语法,它显著提升了代码的可读性和可维护性。

项目使用

FluentValidation 11 支持以下平台:

.NET Core 3.1、.NET 5、.NET 6、.NET 7、.NET 8、.NET Standard 2.0

1、安装FluentValidation

通过 NuGet 包管理器或 dotnet CLI 进行安装。

dotnet add package FluentValidation

或NuGet 包管理器

2、Program.cs

using FluentValidation;
using FluentValidation.AspNetCore;
using MicroElements.Swashbuckle.FluentValidation.AspNetCore;

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
var services = builder.Services;

// Asp.Net stuff
services.AddControllers();
services.AddEndpointsApiExplorer();

// Add Swagger
services.AddSwaggerGen();

// Add FV
services.AddFluentValidationAutoValidation();
services.AddFluentValidationClientsideAdapters();

// Add FV validators
services.AddValidatorsFromAssemblyContaining<Program>();

// Add FV Rules to swagger
services.AddFluentValidationRulesToSwagger();

var app = builder.Build();

// Use Swagger
app.UseSwagger();
app.UseSwaggerUI();

app.MapControllers();

app.Run();

3、Startup.cs

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    // Asp.net stuff
    services.AddControllers();
    
    // HttpContextValidatorRegistry requires access to HttpContext
    services.AddHttpContextAccessor();

    // Register FV validators
    services.AddValidatorsFromAssemblyContaining<Startup>(lifetime: ServiceLifetime.Scoped);

    // Add FV to Asp.net
    services.AddFluentValidationAutoValidation();

    // Add swagger
    services.AddSwaggerGen(c =>
    {
        c.SwaggerDoc("v1", new OpenApiInfo { Title = "My API", Version = "v1" });
    });

    // [Optional] Add INameResolver (SystemTextJsonNameResolver will be registered by default)
    // services.AddSingleton<INameResolver, CustomNameResolver>();

    // Adds FluentValidationRules staff to Swagger. (Minimal configuration)
    services.AddFluentValidationRulesToSwagger();

    // [Optional] Configure generation options for your needs. Also can be done with services.Configure<SchemaGenerationOptions>
    // services.AddFluentValidationRulesToSwagger(options =>
    // {
    //     options.SetNotNullableIfMinLengthGreaterThenZero = true;
    //     options.UseAllOffForMultipleRules = true;
    // });

    // Adds logging
    services.AddLogging(builder => builder.AddConsole());
}

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
    app.UseRouting();

    app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
    {
        endpoints.MapControllers();
    });

    // Adds swagger
    app.UseSwagger();

    // Adds swagger UI
    app.UseSwaggerUI(c =>
    {
        c.SwaggerEndpoint("/swagger/v1/swagger.json", "My API V1");
    });
}

4、版本兼容

5、支持的验证器

  • INotNullValidator(NotNull)
  • INotEmptyValidator(NotEmpty)
  • ILengthValidator(对于字符串:Length、MinimumLength、MaximumLength、ExactLength;对于数组:MinItems、MaxItems)
  • IRegularExpressionValidator(Email、Matches)
  • IComparisonValidator(GreaterThan、GreaterThanOrEqual、LessThan、LessThanOrEqual)
  • IBetweenValidator(InclusiveBetween、ExclusiveBetween)

6、可扩展

可以将 FluentValidationRule 注册到 ServiceCollection 中。

自定义规则名称将替换具有相同名称的默认规则。

可以通过 FluentValidationRules.CreateDefaultRules() 获取默认规则的完整列表。

默认规则列表: Required(必填) NotEmpty(非空) Length(长度) Pattern(模式) Comparison(比较) Between(区间)

new FluentValidationRule("Pattern")
{
    Matches = propertyValidator => propertyValidator is IRegularExpressionValidator,
    Apply = context =>
    {
        var regularExpressionValidator = (IRegularExpressionValidator)context.PropertyValidator;
        context.Schema.Properties[context.PropertyKey].Pattern = regularExpressionValidator.Expression;
    }
}

7、Swagger 模型和验证器

public class Sample
{
    public string PropertyWithNoRules { get; set; }

    public string NotNull { get; set; }
    public string NotEmpty { get; set; }
    public string EmailAddress { get; set; }
    public string RegexField { get; set; }

    public int ValueInRange { get; set; }
    public int ValueInRangeExclusive { get; set; }

    public float ValueInRangeFloat { get; set; }
    public double ValueInRangeDouble { get; set; }
}

public class SampleValidator : AbstractValidator<Sample>
{
    public SampleValidator()
    {
        RuleFor(sample => sample.NotNull).NotNull();
        RuleFor(sample => sample.NotEmpty).NotEmpty();
        RuleFor(sample => sample.EmailAddress).EmailAddress();
        RuleFor(sample => sample.RegexField).Matches(@"(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})");

        RuleFor(sample => sample.ValueInRange).GreaterThanOrEqualTo(5).LessThanOrEqualTo(10);
        RuleFor(sample => sample.ValueInRangeExclusive).GreaterThan(5).LessThan(10);

        // WARNING: Swashbuckle implements minimum and maximim as int so you will loss fraction part of float and double numbers
        RuleFor(sample => sample.ValueInRangeFloat).InclusiveBetween(1.1f, 5.3f);
        RuleFor(sample => sample.ValueInRangeDouble).ExclusiveBetween(2.2, 7.5f);
    }
}

8、包含验证器

public class CustomerValidator : AbstractValidator<Customer>
{
    public CustomerValidator()
    {
        RuleFor(customer => customer.Surname).NotEmpty();
        RuleFor(customer => customer.Forename).NotEmpty().WithMessage("Please specify a first name");

        Include(new CustomerAddressValidator());
    }
}

internal class CustomerAddressValidator : AbstractValidator<Customer>
{
    public CustomerAddressValidator()
    {
        RuleFor(customer => customer.Address).Length(20, 250);
    }
}

高级用法

1、异步验证

RuleForAsync(x => x.UserCode).MustAsync(async (usercode, cancellation) =>
{
    var code = await _userService.IsUserNameUniqueAsync(usercode);
    return code;
}).WithMessage("用户编码已存在");

2、条件验证

When(x => x.IsAdmin, () =>
{
    RuleFor(x => x.Super).NotEmpty().WithMessage("管理必须是超级管理员");
});

3、自定义验证规则

RuleFor(x => x.Number).Custom((value, context) =>
{
    if (value < 10 || value > 1000)
    {
        context.AddFailure("数字必须在10 到1000之间");
    }
});

4、自定义错误消息

RuleFor(x => x.UserName).NotEmpty().WithMessage("用户名称不能为空")
       .Matches(@"^\d{6}$").WithMessage("请输入有效的6位数字用户名称"); 

项目地址

GitHub:https://github.com/FluentValidation/FluentValidation

总结

FluentValidation 是一个优雅且功能强大的验证库,它在提升代码可读性和可维护性的同时,保持了高度的灵活性。

无论是简单的验证需求还是复杂的业务规则,FluentValidation 都能让我们轻松确保数据的有效性。

如果大家项目中有验证需求的,可以试一试,提高开发效率。

最后

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posted @ 2024-09-03 10:42  小码编匠  阅读(1224)  评论(10编辑  收藏  举报