WPF - 创建项目

WPF - 创建项目

环境:net6 + wpf

 

 1. 创建项目

 

2. 增加nuget包(CM框架)

Caliburn.Micro

 

参考:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MjIzMjk4OA==&mid=2247485843&idx=1&sn=498778644cd770a6b6e12a7252883bcf&chksm=a6a82ae091dfa3f61fe5badc30d2a5353e7e761d0b6885b1a8bb40ca1e60ba4f918603b6e026&scene=21#wechat_redirect

 

 3. 框架搭建

  删除项目根目录下的MainWindow.xaml

  按下图调整App.xaml

  删除语句StartupUri="MainWindow.xmal"。 

 

 填充 Application.Resources

<Application.Resources>
      <ResourceDictionary>
          <ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>
    <ResourceDictionary>
                     <local:Bootstrapper x:Key="bootstrapper"/>
               </ResourceDictionary>
          </ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>
      </ResourceDictionary>
</Application.Resources>

 

 

在项目跟目录下创建类:Bootstrapper.cs

创建Bootstrapper类,顾名思义Bootstrapper为启动的意思,Bootstrapper类即为ViewModel执行的入口。
然后让其继承自BootstrapperBase类,并加上构造函数,另外再重写函数OnStartup即可。
 

using System.Windows;
using Caliburn.Micro;
using CaliburnMicro_Calculator.ViewModels;

namespace CaliburnMicro_Calculator
{
    public class Bootstrapper : BootstrapperBase
    {
        public Bootstrapper()
        {
            Initialize();
        }

        protected override void OnStartup(object obj, StartupEventArgs e)
        {
            DisplayRootViewFor<ShellViewModel>();
        }
    }
}

 

 

 在项目目录下新建Models, ViewModels, Views这3个文件夹
在ViewModel文件夹中添加ShellViewModel.cs,并创建Left, Right和Result这3个属性。

 需要注意的是 ShellViewModel.cs需要继承类 Screen 和 INotifyPropertyChanged (用于感知并同步所绑定属性的变化),ShellViewModel具体代码为:

 

using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using Caliburn.Micro;

namespace CaliburnMicro_Calculator.ViewModels
{
    public class ShellViewModel : Screen, INotifyPropertyChanged
    {
        private double _left;
        private double _right;
        private double _result;

        public double Left
        {
            get { return _left; }
            set
            {
                _left = value;
                NotifyOfPropertyChange();
            }
        }

        public double Right
        {
            get { return _right; }
            set
            {
                _right = value;
                NotifyOfPropertyChange();
            }
        }

        public double Result
        {
            get { return _result; }
            set
            {
                _result = value;
                NotifyOfPropertyChange();
            }
        }
}

 

 

 说明: 最开始布局xaml时,设计位置时采用的是左(operand 1), 中(operand 2), 右(result),于是属性值使用了Left, Right和Result,如果想修改属性名,建议改为FirstOperand, SecondOperand和Result。

 设计XAML并绑定属性

 

在Views文件夹中创建wpf窗口类,命名为ShellView.xaml,在Views文件夹下创建子文件夹Images,用于存放+,-,*,/这4种操作对应的小图标,其具体代码如下:

 
<Window x:Class="CaliburnMicro_Calculator.Views.ShellView"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:CaliburnMicro_Calculator.Views"
        xmlns:cal="http://www.caliburnproject.org"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="Calculator" SizeToContent="Height" Width="240">

    <StackPanel Background="Beige">
        <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
            <Label Margin="10"
                   Target="{Binding ElementName=left}">
                Operand _1:
            </Label>
            <TextBox Margin="10"
                     Width="72"
                     x:Name="left"/>
        </StackPanel>
        <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
            <Label Margin="10"
                   Target="{Binding ElementName=right}">
                Operand _2:
            </Label>
            <TextBox Margin="10"
                     Width="72"
                     x:Name="right"/>
        </StackPanel>
        <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
            <Button Margin="10"
                    x:Name="btnPlus" 
                    cal:Message.Attach="[Event Click]=[Action Plus(left.Text, right.Text):result.Text]">
                <Image Source="Images/op1.ico" Width="32" Height="32"/>
            </Button>

            <Button Margin="10"
                    x:Name="btnMinus" 
                    cal:Message.Attach="[Event Click]=[Action Minus(left.Text, right.Text):result.Text]">
                <Image Source="Images/op2.ico" Width="32" Height="32"/>
            </Button>

            <Button Margin="10"
                    x:Name="btnMultiply" 
                    cal:Message.Attach="[Event Click]=[Action Multipy(left.Text, right.Text):result.Text]">
                <Image Source="Images/op3.ico" Width="32" Height="32"/>
            </Button>

            <Button Margin="10"
                    x:Name="btnDivide" IsEnabled="{Binding Path=CanDivide}"
                    cal:Message.Attach="[Event Click]=[Action Divide(left.Text, right.Text):result.Text]">
                <Image Source="Images/op4.ico" Width="32" Height="32"/>
            </Button>

        </StackPanel>
        <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
            <Label Margin="10">
                Answer:
            </Label>
            <TextBox Margin="10"
                     Width="72"
                     Text ="{Binding Path=Result, StringFormat={}{0:F4}}" IsReadOnly="True" />
        </StackPanel>
    </StackPanel>
</Window>

 说明:对操作数Operand _1和Operand _2,按Alt键+数字可以选中该处,这是WPF的一个特殊用法。由于计算结果不希望被修改,于是加上了属性IsReadOnly="True"。

 

 

设计并绑定事件
由于暂时只打算实现+, -, *, /四种操作,于是我们只需创建相应的4个函数即可,由于除数是0这个操作不允许,于是需再加个判断函数CanDivide。

Caliburn.Micro中绑定事件的写法是:
cal:Message.Attach="[Event E]=[Action A]" (E是操作,比如Click, MouseDown, KeyDown等等,A是ViewModel中具体的函数。)

向ShellViewModel中加入事件中要做的事,此时ShellViewModel为:

using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using Caliburn.Micro;

namespace CaliburnMicro_Calculator.ViewModels
{
    public class ShellViewModel : Conductor<object>
    {
        public ShellViewModel()
        {
        }
        public void ShowCalculator()
        {
            ActivateItem(new CalculatorViewModel());
        }
    }
}

 

 

此时,CalculatorViewModel的具体代码为:

using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows;
using Caliburn.Micro;

namespace CaliburnMicro_Calculator.ViewModels
{
    public class CalculatorViewModel: Screen, INotifyPropertyChanged
    {
        private double _left;
        private double _right;
        private double _result;

        public double Left
        {
            get { return _left; }
            set
            {
                _left = value;
                NotifyOfPropertyChange();
            }
        }

        public double Right
        {
            get { return _right; }
            set
            {
                _right = value;
                NotifyOfPropertyChange();
            }
        }

        public double Result
        {
            get { return _result; }
            set
            {
                _result = value;
                NotifyOfPropertyChange();
            }
        }

        public CalculatorViewModel()
        {
        }

        public bool CanDivide(double left, double right)
        {
            return right != 0;
        }

        public async void Divide(double left, double right)
        {
            Thread.Sleep(600);
            if (CanDivide(left, right) == true)
                Result = left / right;
            else MessageBox.Show("Divider cannot be zero.", "Warning", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Warning);
        }

        public async void Plus(double left, double right)
        {
            Result = left + right;
        }

        public async void Minus(double left, double right)
        {
            Result = left - right;
        }

        public async void Multipy(double left, double right)
        {
            Result = left * right;
        }
    }
}

3 . 对于View,只需把CalculatorViewModel对应的CalculatorView作为ContentControl控件嵌入ShellView即可。此时ShellView的代码调整为:

<Window x:Class="CaliburnMicro_Calculator.Views.ShellView"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:CaliburnMicro_Calculator.Views"
        xmlns:cal="http://www.caliburnproject.org"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="Calculator" SizeToContent="Height" Width="240">

    <Grid MinHeight="200">
        <Button Content="Show Calculator" x:Name="ShowCalculator" Grid.Row="0"></Button>
        <ContentControl x:Name="ActiveItem"></ContentControl>        
    </Grid>
</Window>

另外提一点,向ViewModel A中嵌入ViewModel B,一般来说需要做的操作是:
在A的view中使用ContentControl,绑定B的ViewModel只需使用语句cal:View.Model="{Binding BViewModel}"即可,而B的view是UserControl就可以啦。

此时CalculatorView是一个UserControl,其代码为:

 

由于本例中逻辑并不复杂,Model暂时用不上,对于复杂一点的项目,Model主要负责数据的读取,如文件操作、数据库操作、service调用等。

如果需要持久化(persistent),则还需给给每对M-VM(Model和ViewModel)加入State,这个实际工程中也用得特别多。

 

 

 

 

 

参考:http://www.360doc.com/content/24/0729/19/37788866_1129984703.shtml

参考:https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/37651492

posted @ 2024-10-13 15:26  无心々菜  阅读(14)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报