selenium浅谈，Chrome与无头浏览器

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
import time
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options


# 选择哪一个驱动，return driver句柄
def web1(web=4):
    if web == 4:  # 使用nohedld-chrome
        chrome_options = Options()
        # 加属性，使用无头模式
        chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
        # 加属性，规避chrome自身bug
        chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
        # 找到driver
        driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=chrome_options)
        # 浏览器最大化
        driver.maximize_window()
        driver.get('url')
        # return driver句柄
        return driver
    else:
        driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        driver.maximize_window()
        driver.get('url')
        return driver


# time 操作时间模块
def web_time(second):

    return time.sleep(second)


# 截图
def web_png():
    driver = web1()
    screen = driver.get_screenshot_as_file('文件路径+图片名称')
    screen2 = driver.save_screenshot('文件路径+图片名称')
    return screen, screen2


#获取属性值
def web_attribute():
    driver = web1()
    attribute = driver.find_element_by_id('xxx').get_attribute('class')
    return attribute


# js调用
def web_js():
    driver = web1()
    # js 点击
    driver.execute_script('arguments[0].click()','elment')
    # js 输入
    driver.execute_script('arguments[0].value=“xxx”', 'elment')
    # js 鼠标滑动
    driver.execute_script('arguments[0].ScrollIntoview()', 'elment')


# select
def web_select():
    driver = web1()
    ele = driver.find_element_by_id('xxx')
    # 通过Select选项的索引
    Select(ele).select_by_index('1')
    # 通过Select选项的值
    Select(ele).select_by_value('20')
    # 通过Select的选项的value属性值来定位
    Select(ele).select_by_visible_text('每页显示20条')


# Actionchains鼠标操作
def web_actions():
    driver = web1()
    move = driver.find_element_by_id('xxx')
    # 鼠标移动到move元素
    ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(move).perform()
    # 鼠标移动到（x,y）坐标
    ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(move).perform()
    # 鼠标拖拽到move1元素
    move1 = driver.find_element_by_id('xxx')
    ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop(move).perform()
    # 鼠标拖拽到某个（x，y）坐标
    ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop_by_offset('x','y').perform()


#  Keys键盘操作
def web_keys():
    driver = web1()
    # 快捷键全选
    driver.find_element_by_id('xx').send_keys(Keys.CONTROL+'a')
    # 快捷键剪切
    driver.find_element_by_id('xx').send_keys(Keys.CONTROL,'x')
    # 快捷键粘贴
    driver.find_element_by_id('xx').send_keys(Keys.CONTROL+'v')
    # 快捷键复制
    driver.find_element_by_id('xx').send_keys(Keys.CONTROL+'c')
    # 快捷键删除
    driver.find_element_by_id('xx').send_keys(Keys.BACK_SPACE)
    # 快捷键空格
    driver.find_element_by_id('xx').send_keys(Keys.SPACE)
    # 快捷键回车
    driver.find_element_by_id('xx').send_keys(Keys.ENTER)


# 隐形等待,页面每个元素都进行等待，增加执行时间
def web_imp(second):
    driver = web1()
    return driver.implicitly_wait(second)


# 显性等待，配合until()跟until_not()方法，根据EC灵活等待
def web_wait():
    driver = web1()
    # 程序每0.2秒看一次页面，如果成立就执行下一步，否则继续等待，超过5秒抛出TimeoutException
    WebDriverWait(driver, 5, 0.2).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(By.XPATH, 'ele')).click()


# EC模块作为预期结果，经常与until()跟until_not()连用
def web_ec():
    # 验证元素是否出现,一个符合元素就行
    EC.presence_of_element_located(By.ID, 'ele')
    # 验证元素是否出现，需要等所有符合元素都加载出来
    EC.presence_of_all_elements_located(By.ID, 'ele')
    # 验证元素是否可见，传入参数是元组locator
    EC.visibility_of_element_located(By.ID, 'ele')
    # 验证元素是否可见，传入参数是元组locator
    EC.invisibility_of_element_located(By.ID, 'ele')
    # 验证元素是否可见，传入参数是webelement,跟visibility_of_element_located(By.ID, 'ele')效果一样
    EC.invisibility_of_element_located('ele')
    # 判断元素是否可以点击,传入元组locator
    EC.element_to_be_clickable(By.ID, 'ele')