实验三c

任务一

实验代码

button.hpp

 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 #include <string>
 5 
 6 using std::string;
 7 using std::cout;
 8 
 9 // 按钮类
10 class Button {
11 public:
12     Button(const string &text);
13     string get_label() const;
14     void click();
15 
16 private:
17     string label;
18 };
19 
20 Button::Button(const string &text): label{text} {
21 }
22 
23 inline string Button::get_label() const {
24     return label;
25 }
26 
27 void Button::click() {
28     cout << "Button '" << label << "' clicked\n";
29 }
View Code

window,hpp

 1 #pragma once
 2 #include "button.hpp"
 3 #include <vector>
 4 #include <iostream>
 5 
 6 using std::vector;
 7 using std::cout;
 8 using std::endl;
 9 
10 // 窗口类
11 class Window{
12 public:
13     Window(const string &win_title);
14     void display() const;
15     void close();
16     void add_button(const string &label);
17 
18 private:
19     string title;
20     vector<Button> buttons;
21 };
22 
23 Window::Window(const string &win_title): title{win_title} {
24     buttons.push_back(Button("close"));
25 }
26 
27 inline void Window::display() const {
28     string s(40, '*');
29 
30     cout << s << endl;
31     cout << "window title: " << title << endl;
32     cout << "It has " << buttons.size() << " buttons: " << endl;
33     for(const auto &i: buttons)
34         cout << i.get_label() << " button" << endl;
35     cout << s << endl;
36 }
37 
38 void Window::close() {
39     cout << "close window '" << title << "'" << endl;
40     buttons.at(0).click();
41 }
42 
43 void Window::add_button(const string &label) {
44     buttons.push_back(Button(label));
45 }
View Code

task1.cpp

 1 #include "window.hpp"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 
 4 using std::cout;
 5 using std::cin;
 6 
 7 void test() {
 8     Window w1("new window");
 9     w1.add_button("maximize");
10     w1.display();
11     w1.close();
12 }
13 
14 int main() {
15     cout << "用组合类模拟简单GUI:\n";
16     test();
17 }
View Code

结果截图

问题1:这个模拟简单GUI的示例代码中,自定义了几个类?使用到了标准库的哪几个类?,哪些
类和类之间存在组合关系?           

答:定义了两个类:Button和Window,使用了标准库string和vector,

问题2:在自定义类Button和Window中,有些成员函数定义时加了const, 有些设置成了inline。如
果你是类的设计者,目前那些没有加const或没有设置成inline的,适合添加const,适合设置成
inline吗?陈述你的答案和理由。

答:不适合,这些函数的功能为输出,结构简单运行时间短,对原对象不会进行修改,所以不需要添加和设置。

问题3:类Window的定义中,有这样一行代码,其功能是?

答:一个由四十个*组成的字符串s

任务二:

实验代码

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <vector>
 3 
 4 using namespace std;
 5 
 6 void output1(const vector<int> &v) {
 7     for(auto &i: v)
 8         cout << i << ", ";
 9     cout << "\b\b \n";
10 }
11 
12 void output2(const vector<vector<int>> v) {
13     for(auto &i: v) {
14         for(auto &j: i)
15             cout << j << ", ";
16         cout << "\b\b \n";
17     }
18 }
19 
20 void test1() {
21     vector<int> v1(5, 42);
22     const vector<int> v2(v1);
23 
24     v1.at(0) = -999;
25     cout << "v1: ";  output1(v1);
26     cout << "v2: ";  output1(v2);
27     cout << "v1.at(0) = " << v1.at(0) << endl;
28     cout << "v2.at(0) = " << v2.at(0) << endl;
29 }
30 
31 void test2() {
32     vector<vector<int>> v1{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}};
33     const vector<vector<int>> v2(v1);
34 
35     v1.at(0).push_back(-999);
36     cout << "v1: \n";  output2(v1);
37     cout << "v2: \n";  output2(v2);
38 
39     vector<int> t1 = v1.at(0);
40     cout << t1.at(t1.size()-1) << endl;
41     
42     const vector<int> t2 = v2.at(0);
43     cout << t2.at(t2.size()-1) << endl;
44 }
45 
46 int main() {
47     cout << "测试1:\n";
48     test1();
49 
50     cout << "\n测试2:\n";
51     test2();
52 }
View Code

结果截图

问题1:测试1模块中,这三行代码的功能分别是?

 答:21:创建一个int类型的向量v1,并初始化大小为5,每个元素初始值为42。

22:创建一个int类型的向量v2,并用v1初始化,v2拷贝v1中所有元素。

24:将向量v1中第一个元素设置为-999。

问题2:测试2模块中,这三行代码的功能分别是?

 答:32:创建一个二维向量v1,包含两个一维向量。

33:创建一个常量二维向量v2,并用v1初始化其内容。

35:将-999添加到二维向量v1的第一个子向量中的末尾。

问题3:测试2模块中,这四行代码的功能分别是?

 答:39:将v1的第一个子向量赋值给整型一维向量t1。

40:输出向量t1最后一个元素的值。

42:创建一个int类型常量一维变量t2,并用v2的第一个子向量给他赋值。

43:输出向量t2最后一个元素的值。

问题4:根据执行结果,反向分析、推断:
① 标准库模板类vector内部封装的复制构造函数,其实现机制是深复制还是浅复制?

答:深复制。
② 模板类vector的接口at(), 是否至少需要提供一个const成员函数作为接口?

答:是。

任务三:

实验代码

vectorInt.hpp

 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 #include <cassert>
 5 
 6 using std::cout;
 7 using std::endl;
 8 
 9 // 动态int数组对象类
10 class vectorInt{
11 public:
12     vectorInt(int n);
13     vectorInt(int n, int value);
14     vectorInt(const vectorInt &vi);
15     ~vectorInt();
16 
17     int& at(int index);
18     const int& at(int index) const;
19 
20     vectorInt& assign(const vectorInt &v);
21     int get_size() const;
22 
23 private:
24     int size;
25     int *ptr;       // ptr指向包含size个int的数组
26 };
27 
28 vectorInt::vectorInt(int n): size{n}, ptr{new int[size]} {
29 }
30 
31 vectorInt::vectorInt(int n, int value): size{n}, ptr{new int[size]} {
32     for(auto i = 0; i < size; ++i)
33         ptr[i] = value;
34 }
35 
36 vectorInt::vectorInt(const vectorInt &vi): size{vi.size}, ptr{new int[size]} {
37     for(auto i = 0; i < size; ++i)
38         ptr[i] = vi.ptr[i];
39 }
40 
41 vectorInt::~vectorInt() {
42     delete [] ptr;
43 }
44 
45 const int& vectorInt::at(int index) const {
46     assert(index >= 0 && index < size);
47 
48     return ptr[index];
49 }
50 
51 int& vectorInt::at(int index) {
52     assert(index >= 0 && index < size);
53 
54     return ptr[index];
55 }
56 
57 vectorInt& vectorInt::assign(const vectorInt &v) {  
58     delete[] ptr;       // 释放对象中ptr原来指向的资源
59 
60     size = v.size;
61     ptr = new int[size];
62 
63     for(int i = 0; i < size; ++i)
64         ptr[i] = v.ptr[i];
65 
66     return *this;
67 }
68 
69 int vectorInt::get_size() const {
70     return size;
71 }
View Code

task3.cpp

 1 #include "vectorInt.hpp"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 
 4 using std::cin;
 5 using std::cout;
 6 
 7 void output(const vectorInt &vi) {
 8     for(auto i = 0; i < vi.get_size(); ++i)
 9         cout << vi.at(i) << ", ";
10     cout << "\b\b \n";
11 }
12 
13 
14 void test1() {
15     int n;
16     cout << "Enter n: ";
17     cin >> n;
18 
19     vectorInt x1(n);
20     for(auto i = 0; i < n; ++i)
21         x1.at(i) = i*i;
22     cout << "x1: ";  output(x1);
23 
24     vectorInt x2(n, 42);
25     vectorInt x3(x2);
26     x2.at(0) = -999;
27     cout << "x2: ";  output(x2);
28     cout << "x3: ";  output(x3);
29 }
30 
31 void test2() {
32     const vectorInt  x(5, 42);
33     vectorInt y(10, 0);
34 
35     cout << "y: ";  output(y);
36     y.assign(x);
37     cout << "y: ";  output(y);
38     
39     cout << "x.at(0) = " << x.at(0) << endl;
40     cout << "y.at(0) = " << y.at(0) << endl;
41 }
42 
43 int main() {
44     cout << "测试1: \n";
45     test1();
46 
47     cout << "\n测试2: \n";
48     test2();
49 }
View Code

结果截图

 问题1:vectorInt类中,复制构造函数(line14)的实现,是深复制还是浅复制?

答:深复制。

问题2:vectorInt类中,这两个at()接口,如果返回值类型改成int而非int&(相应地,实现部分也
同步修改),测试代码还能正确运行吗?如果把line18返回值类型前面的const掉,针对这个测试
代码,是否有潜在安全隐患?尝试分析说明。

 答:不能。有安全隐患,无法在at函数中修改类的数据。

问题3:vectorInt类中,assign()接口,返回值类型可以改成vectorInt吗?你的结论,及,原因分
析。

 答:不可以,因为不用指针形式难以追踪正在运行的这一步this变量。

任务四

matrix.hpp

 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 #include <cassert>
 5 
 6 using std::cout;
 7 using std::endl;
 8 
 9 // 类Matrix的声明
10 class Matrix {
11 public:
12     Matrix(int n, int m);           // 构造函数,构造一个n*m的矩阵, 初始值为value
13     Matrix(int n);                  // 构造函数,构造一个n*n的矩阵, 初始值为value
14     Matrix(const Matrix &x);        // 复制构造函数, 使用已有的矩阵X构造
15     ~Matrix();
16 
17     void set(const double *pvalue);         // 用pvalue指向的连续内存块数据按行为矩阵赋值
18     void clear();                           // 把矩阵对象的值置0
19     
20     const double& at(int i, int j) const;   // 返回矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素const引用
21     double& at(int i, int j);               // 返回矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素引用
22     
23     int get_lines() const;                  // 返回矩阵对象行数
24     int get_cols() const;                   // 返回矩阵对象列数
25 
26     void display() const;                    // 按行显示矩阵对象元素值
27 
28 private:
29     int lines;      // 矩阵对象内元素行数
30     int cols;       // 矩阵对象内元素列数
31     double *ptr;
32 };
33 
34 // 类Matrix的实现:待补足
35 Matrix::Matrix(int n,int m) : lines(n), cols(m) {
36   ptr=new double[n*m];
37 }
38 
39 Matrix::Matrix(int n) : lines(n),cols(n) {
40     ptr=new double[n*n];
41 }
42 
43 Matrix::Matrix(const Matrix &x) :lines(x.lines),cols(x.cols){
44     ptr=new double[lines*cols];
45     for(int i=0;i<lines*cols;i++)
46         ptr[i]=x.ptr[i];
47 }
48 
49 Matrix::~Matrix() {
50     delete[] ptr;
51 }
52 
53 void Matrix::set(const double *pvalue) {
54     for(int i=0;i<lines*cols;i++)
55         ptr[i]=pvalue[i];
56 }
57 
58 void Matrix::clear() {
59         for(int i=0;i<lines*cols;i++)
60         ptr[i]=0;
61 }
62 
63 const double& Matrix::at(int i,int j) const {
64     return ptr[i*cols+j];
65 }
66 
67 double& Matrix::at(int i,int j) {
68     return ptr[i*cols+j];
69 }
70 
71 int Matrix::get_lines() const {
72     return lines;
73 }
74 
75 int Matrix::get_cols() const {
76     return cols;
77 }
78 
79 void Matrix::display() const{
80     for(int i=0;i<lines;i++)
81     {
82         for(int j=0;j<cols;j++)
83             cout<<ptr[i*cols+j]<<" ";
84         cout<<endl;
85     }
86 }
View Code

task4.cpp

 1 #include "matrix.hpp"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 #include <cassert>
 4 
 5 using std::cin;
 6 using std::cout;
 7 using std::endl;
 8 
 9 
10 const int N = 1000;
11 
12 // 输出矩阵对象索引为index所在行的所有元素
13 void output(const Matrix &m, int index) {
14     assert(index >= 0 && index < m.get_lines());
15 
16     for(auto j = 0; j < m.get_cols(); ++j)
17         cout << m.at(index, j) << ", ";
18     cout << "\b\b \n";
19 }
20 
21 
22 void test1() {
23     double x[1000] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
24 
25     int n, m;
26     cout << "Enter n and m: ";
27     cin >> n >> m;
28 
29     Matrix m1(n, m);    // 创建矩阵对象m1, 大小n×m
30     m1.set(x);          // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m1赋值
31 
32     Matrix m2(m, n);    // 创建矩阵对象m1, 大小m×n
33     m2.set(x);          // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m1赋值
34 
35     Matrix m3(2);       // 创建一个2×2矩阵对象
36     m3.set(x);          // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m4赋值
37 
38     cout << "矩阵对象m1: \n";   m1.display();  cout << endl;
39     cout << "矩阵对象m2: \n";   m2.display();  cout << endl;
40     cout << "矩阵对象m3: \n";   m3.display();  cout << endl;
41 }
42 
43 void test2() {
44     Matrix m1(2, 3);
45     m1.clear();
46     
47     const Matrix m2(m1);
48     m1.at(0, 0) = -999;
49 
50     cout << "m1.at(0, 0) = " << m1.at(0, 0) << endl;
51     cout << "m2.at(0, 0) = " << m2.at(0, 0) << endl;
52     cout << "矩阵对象m1第0行: "; output(m1, 0);
53     cout << "矩阵对象m2第0行: "; output(m2, 0);
54 }
55 
56 int main() {
57     cout << "测试1: \n";
58     test1();
59 
60     cout << "测试2: \n";
61     test2();
62 }
View Code

结果截图

任务五

user.hpp

 1 #pragma once
 2 #include<iostream>
 3 #include<string>
 4 using std::cout;
 5 using std::endl;
 6 using std::string;
 7 using std::cin;
 8 
 9 class User{
10     public:
11         User(string name,string password="123456",string email="");
12         void set_email();
13         void change_password();
14         void display();
15     private:
16         string name;
17         string password;
18         string email;
19 };
20 
21 User::User(string name,string password,string email) :name(name),password(password), email(email) {}
22 
23 void User::set_email() {
24     cout<<"Enter email address:";
25     while(true) {
26         cin>>email;
27         if(email.find('@')!=std::string::npos) {
28             cout<<"email is set successfully..."<<endl;
29             break;
30         }
31         else
32             cout<<"illegal email.Please re-enter email:";
33     }
34 }
35 
36 void User::change_password() {
37     string old;
38     int i=3;
39     cout<<"Enter old password:";
40     while(i--) {
41         cin>>old;
42         if(old==password) {
43         cout<<"Enter new password:";
44         cin>>password;
45         cout<<"new password is set successfuly..."<<endl;
46         return;
47         }
48         else 
49         cout<<"password input error.Please re-enter again:";
50     }
51     cout<<"password input error.Please try after a while."<<endl;
52 }
53 
54 void User::display() {
55     string s(password.size(),'*');
56     cout<<"name:"<<name<<endl;
57     cout<<"pass:"<<s<<endl;
58     cout<<"email:"<<email<<endl;
59 }
View Code

task5.cpp

 1 #include "user.hpp"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 #include <vector>
 4 #include <string>
 5 
 6 using std::cin;
 7 using std::cout;
 8 using std::endl;
 9 using std::vector;
10 using std::string;
11 
12 void test() {
13 vector<User> user_lst;
14 
15 User u1("Alice", "2024113", "Alice@hotmail.com");
16 user_lst.push_back(u1);
17 cout << endl;
18 
19 User u2("Bob");
20 u2.set_email();
21 u2.change_password();
22 user_lst.push_back(u2);
23 cout << endl;
24 
25 User u3("Hellen");
26 u3.set_email();
27 u3.change_password();
28 user_lst.push_back(u3);
29 cout << endl;
30 
31 cout << "There are " << user_lst.size() << " users. they are: " << endl;
32 for(auto &i: user_lst) {
33 i.display();
34 cout << endl;
35 }
36 }
37 
38 int main() {
39 test();
40 }
View Code

 结果截图

任务六

date.hpp

 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include<iostream>
 4 #include<cstdlib>
 5 
 6 using namespace std;
 7 class Date {
 8     private:
 9         int year;
10         int month;
11         int day;
12         int totalDays;
13     public:
14         Date(int year, int month, int day);
15         int getYear()const {
16             return year;
17         }
18         int getMonth()const {
19             return month;
20         }
21         int getDay()const {
22             return day;
23         }
24         int getMaxDay()const;
25         bool isLeapYear()const {
26             return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
27         }
28         void show() const;
29         int distance(const Date& date)const {
30             return totalDays - date.totalDays;
31         }
32 };
33 namespace {
34     const int DAYS_BEFIRE_MONTH[] = { 0,31,59,90,120,151,181,212,243,273,304 ,334,365 };
35 }
36 Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) :year(year), month(month), day(day) {
37     if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
38         cout << "Invalid date: ";
39         show();
40         cout << endl;
41         exit(1);
42     }
43     int years = year - 1;
44     totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400 + DAYS_BEFIRE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
45     if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) totalDays++;
46 }
47 int Date::getMaxDay()const {
48     if (isLeapYear() &&month == 2)
49         return 29;
50     else return DAYS_BEFIRE_MONTH[month] - DAYS_BEFIRE_MONTH[month - 1];
51 }
52 void Date::show()const {
53     cout << getYear() << "-" << getMonth() << "-" << getDay();
54 }
View Code

account.hpp

 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include"date.hpp"
 4 #include<string>
 5 #include<cmath>
 6 #include<iostream>
 7 
 8 using namespace std;
 9 
10 class SavingsAccount {
11     private:
12         string id;
13         double balance;
14         double rate;
15         Date lastDate;
16         double accumulation;
17         static double total;
18         void record(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);
19         void error(const string& msg) const;
20         double accumulate(const Date& date)const {
21             return accumulation + balance * date.distance(lastDate);
22         }
23     public:
24         SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double rate);
25         const string& getId()const {
26             return id;
27         }
28         double getBalance()const {
29             return balance;
30         }
31         double getRate()const {
32             return rate;
33         }
34         static double getTotal() {
35             return total;
36         }
37         void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);
38         void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);
39         void settle(const Date& date);
40         void show() const;
41 };
42 double SavingsAccount::total = 0;
43 SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double rate) :
44     id(id), balance(0), rate(rate), lastDate(date), accumulation(0) {
45     date.show();
46     cout << "\t#" << id << "created" << endl;
47 }
48 void SavingsAccount::record(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
49     accumulation = accumulate(date);
50     lastDate = date;
51     amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;
52     balance += amount;
53     total += amount;
54     date.show();
55     cout << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl;
56 }
57 void SavingsAccount::error(const string& msg) const {
58     cout << "Error(#" << id << "):" << msg << endl;
59 }
60 void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
61     record(date, amount, desc);
62 }
63 void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
64     if (amount > getBalance())
65         error("not enough money");
66     else
67         record(date, -amount, desc);
68 }
69 void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date& date) {
70     double interest = accumulate(date) * rate / date.distance(Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
71     if (interest != 0) record( date,interest,"interest" );
72     accumulation = 0;
73 }
74 void SavingsAccount::show()const {
75     cout << id << "\tBalance: " << balance;
76 }
View Code

task6.cpp

 1 #include"account.hpp"
 2 #include<iostream>
 3 using namespace std;
 4 int main() {
 5     Date date { 2008,11,1 };
 6     SavingsAccount accounts[] = {
 7         SavingsAccount(date,"03755217",0.015),
 8         SavingsAccount(date,"02342342",0.015)
 9     };
10     const int n = sizeof(accounts) / sizeof(SavingsAccount);
11     accounts[0].deposit(Date(2008, 11, 5), 5000, "salary");
12     accounts[1].deposit(Date(2008, 11, 25), 10000, "sell stock 0323");
13     accounts[0].deposit(Date(2008, 12, 5), 5500, "salary");
14     accounts[1].withdraw(Date(2008, 12, 20), 4000, "buy a laptop");
15     cout << endl;
16     for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
17         accounts[i].settle(Date(2009, 1, 1));
18         accounts[i].show();
19         cout << endl;
20     }
21     cout << "Total: " << SavingsAccount::getTotal() << endl;
22     return 0;
23 }
View Code

结果截图

 

posted @ 2024-11-09 19:50  张欣颜  阅读(4)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报