当我们开发完成一个项目/产品,到客户现场进行培训和基础数据的准备时,往往服务器尚在采购之中。这时我们往往会随便找一台配置相对好一点的计算机充当服务器。服务器到货之后,就需要把临时数据库服务器之上的数据迁移到真正的服务器之中。源数据库可能是 Windows 系统、单机、使用文件系统存储数据文件,而目标数据库则可能是 Linux、配置了集群(RAC)、使用ASM存储数据文件。这时就需要进行逻辑数据迁移。
  逻辑数据迁移,一般只需要使用 exp 和 imp 这对导出/导入命令即可。但是,某些大型系统,往往有几十个表空间、几十种角色、上千用户(因为它使用了数据库级别的用户管理),每个用户都拥有不同的对象权限,甚至不同用户之间还会相互做外键引用。这时,单纯使用 exp imp 命令无论如何也不能确保一次将所有数据库对象正确导入。本文将以 Step by Step 的方式提供一系列步骤和脚本完成逻辑数据迁移工作,不敢保证考虑了所有情况,仅供各位童鞋参考。

先给出2个脚本:

导出表空间和用户的创建脚本.sql
declare 
  is_asm number(1); -- 是否使用ASM管理。如果为1,会忽略表空间文件名,交由Oracle自动管理
  target_datafile_path varchar(2000); -- 目标数据库的数据文件路径。例:D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\ 或 +DATA
  v_dbuser_names varchar2(32767); -- 接收用户名列表
  source_db_conn varchar2(200); -- 源数据库连接
  target_db_conn varchar2(200); -- 目标数据库连接
  l_file utl_file.file_type; -- 输出文件
begin   
  --DBMS_OUTPUT.ENABLE(10000000); 
  
  execute immediate 'create or replace directory D_OUTPUT as ''D:\TEMP'''; -- 路径必须是数据库服务器上的硬盘!!!
  
  -- 表空间常量设定 Begin
  --is_asm := 0;
  --target_datafile_path := 'E:\oracle_data\zhis\';
  
  is_asm := 1;
  target_datafile_path := '+DATA';
  -- 表空间常量设定 End
  
  -- 数据库连接
  source_db_conn := '''sys/密码@orcl as sysdba'''; -- 导出时最好用sys用户
  target_db_conn := '''sys/密码@zhis as sysdba'''; -- 导入时要用system用户
  
  -- + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
  -- + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
  -- + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
  
  l_file := utl_file.fopen('D_OUTPUT', '1_creation.sql', 'A'); 
  -- 创建表空间
  utl_file.put_line(l_file, '-- 创建表空间');
  -- 永久表空间
  for c in (select max(tf.tablespace_name) tablespace_name,
                   max(ts.contents) ts_contents,
                   wm_concat('''' || target_datafile_path || case when is_asm=1 then '' else Substr(tf.file_name, Instr(tf.file_name, '\', -1)+1) end || ''''
                             || ' SIZE ' || tf.user_bytes || ' AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED ') datafile_creations
              from dba_data_files tf
              left join dba_tablespaces ts on tf.tablespace_name = ts.tablespace_name
             where ts.tablespace_name not in ('SYSTEM','UNDOTBS1','SYSAUX','TEMP','USERS') -- 排除自带的表空间
               and ts.contents ='PERMANENT'
             group by ts.tablespace_name)
  loop
    utl_file.put_line(l_file, 'CREATE TABLESPACE "' || c.tablespace_name || '"');
    utl_file.put_line(l_file, '      DATAFILE ' || c.datafile_creations);
    utl_file.put_line(l_file, '      LOGGING EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO; ');
  end loop;
  -- 临时表空间
  for c in (select max(tf.tablespace_name) tablespace_name,
                   max(ts.contents) ts_contents,
                   wm_concat('''' || target_datafile_path || case when is_asm=1 then '' else Substr(tf.file_name, Instr(tf.file_name, '\', -1)+1) end || ''''
                             || ' SIZE ' || tf.user_bytes || ' AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED ') datafile_creations
              from dba_temp_files tf
              left join dba_tablespaces ts on tf.tablespace_name = ts.tablespace_name
             where ts.tablespace_name not in ('SYSTEM','UNDOTBS1','SYSAUX','TEMP','USERS') -- 排除自带的表空间
               and ts.contents = 'TEMPORARY'
             group by ts.tablespace_name)
  loop
    utl_file.put_line(l_file, 'CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "' || c.tablespace_name || '"');
    utl_file.put_line(l_file, '      TEMPFILE ' || c.datafile_creations);
    utl_file.put_line(l_file, '      EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM SIZE 1M; ');
  end loop;
  
  -- 创建角色
  utl_file.put_line(l_file, '-- 创建角色');
  for rc in (
  select * from dba_roles r
  where r.role not in ('CONNECT','RESOURCE','DBA','SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE','EXECUTE_CATALOG_ROLE','DELETE_CATALOG_ROLE',
                       'EXP_FULL_DATABASE','IMP_FULL_DATABASE','RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER','GATHER_SYSTEM_STATISTICS',
                       'LOGSTDBY_ADMINISTRATOR','AQ_ADMINISTRATOR_ROLE','AQ_USER_ROLE','GLOBAL_AQ_USER_ROLE',
                       'SCHEDULER_ADMIN','HS_ADMIN_ROLE','AUTHENTICATEDUSER','OEM_ADVISOR','OEM_MONITOR',
                       'WM_ADMIN_ROLE','JAVAUSERPRIV','JAVAIDPRIV','JAVASYSPRIV','JAVADEBUGPRIV','EJBCLIENT',
                       'JAVA_ADMIN','JAVA_DEPLOY','CTXAPP','XDBADMIN','XDBWEBSERVICES','OLAP_DBA','OLAP_USER','MGMT_USER'))
  loop
    utl_file.put_line(l_file, 'create role ' || rc.role || ';');
    utl_file.put_line(l_file, 'revoke ' || rc.role || ' from SYS;'); -- 因为创建了角色的用户会自动拥有该角色的权限,而Oracle默认又有启用角色不允许超过148个的限制,所以这里在创建了之后要把角色从当前用户里面移除。
    
    -- 授权
    for rrpc in (
    select * from role_role_privs rrp
     where rrp.role = rc.role)
    loop
      utl_file.put_line(l_file, 'grant ' || rrpc.granted_role || ' to ' || rc.role 
                           || case when rrpc.admin_option = 'YES' then ' with admin option' else '' end || ';');
    end loop;
 
    for rspc in (
    select * from role_sys_privs rsp
     where rsp.role = rc.role)
    loop
      utl_file.put_line(l_file, 'grant ' || rspc.privilege || ' to ' || rc.role 
                           || case when rspc.admin_option = 'YES' then ' with admin option' else '' end || ';');
    end loop;
  end loop;

  -- 创建用户
  utl_file.put_line(l_file, '-- 创建用户');
  for c in (
  select u.* from dba_users u
   where u.username not in ('ANONYMOUS','CTXSYS','DBSNMP','DIP','DMSYS','EXFSYS','MDDATA','MDSYS','MGMT_VIEW','OLAPSYS','ORDPLUGINS',
                            'ORDSYS','OUTLN','SCOTT','SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA','SYS','SYSMAN','SYSTEM','TSMSYS','WMSYS','XDB'))
  loop
    utl_file.put_line(l_file, 'create user ' || c.username);
    utl_file.put_line(l_file, '    identified by values ''' || c.password || '''');
    utl_file.put_line(l_file, '    default tablespace ' || c.default_tablespace);
    utl_file.put_line(l_file, '    temporary tablespace ' || c.temporary_tablespace || ';');
    
    -- 授权
    for spc in (
    select sp.* from dba_sys_privs sp
     where sp.grantee = c.username)
    loop
      utl_file.put_line(l_file, 'grant ' || spc.privilege || ' to ' || c.username || ';');
    end loop;
    
    for rpc in (
    select rp.* from dba_role_privs rp
     where rp.grantee = c.username)
    loop
      utl_file.put_line(l_file, 'grant ' || rpc.granted_role || ' to ' || c.username || ';');
    end loop;
  end loop;
  
  utl_file.fflush(l_file); 
  utl_file.fclose(l_file); 
  
  l_file := utl_file.fopen('D_OUTPUT', '3_grand_obj_privs.sql', 'A'); 
  -- 角色的对象授权
  utl_file.put_line(l_file, '-- 角色的对象授权');
  for rc in (
  select * from dba_roles r
  where r.role not in ('CONNECT','RESOURCE','DBA','SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE','EXECUTE_CATALOG_ROLE','DELETE_CATALOG_ROLE',
                       'EXP_FULL_DATABASE','IMP_FULL_DATABASE','RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER','GATHER_SYSTEM_STATISTICS',
                       'LOGSTDBY_ADMINISTRATOR','AQ_ADMINISTRATOR_ROLE','AQ_USER_ROLE','GLOBAL_AQ_USER_ROLE',
                       'SCHEDULER_ADMIN','HS_ADMIN_ROLE','AUTHENTICATEDUSER','OEM_ADVISOR','OEM_MONITOR',
                       'WM_ADMIN_ROLE','JAVAUSERPRIV','JAVAIDPRIV','JAVASYSPRIV','JAVADEBUGPRIV','EJBCLIENT',
                       'JAVA_ADMIN','JAVA_DEPLOY','CTXAPP','XDBADMIN','XDBWEBSERVICES','OLAP_DBA','OLAP_USER','MGMT_USER'))
  loop
    for rtpc in (
    select * from role_tab_privs rtp
     where rtp.role = rc.role)
    loop
      utl_file.put_line(l_file, 'grant ' || rtpc.privilege || ' on ' || rtpc.owner || '.' || rtpc.table_name || ' to ' || rc.role || ';');
    end loop;
  end loop;
  
  -- 用户的对象授权
  utl_file.put_line(l_file, '-- 用户的对象授权');
  for c in (
  select u.* from dba_users u
   where u.username not in ('ANONYMOUS','CTXSYS','DBSNMP','DIP','DMSYS','EXFSYS','MDDATA','MDSYS','MGMT_VIEW','OLAPSYS','ORDPLUGINS',
                            'ORDSYS','OUTLN','SCOTT','SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA','SYS','SYSMAN','SYSTEM','TSMSYS','WMSYS','XDB'))
  loop 
    for tpc in (
    select tp.* from dba_tab_privs tp 
    where tp.grantee = c.username)
    loop
      utl_file.put_line(l_file, 'grant ' || tpc.privilege || ' on ' || case when tpc.privilege in ('READ','WRITE') then ' directory ' else '' end
                           || tpc.owner || '.' || tpc.table_name || ' to ' || c.username 
                           || case when tpc.grantable = 'YES' then ' with grant option ' else '' end || ';');
    end loop;
  end loop;
  
  utl_file.fflush(l_file); 
  utl_file.fclose(l_file); 
  
  l_file := utl_file.fopen('D_OUTPUT', '2_exp_imp.txt', 'A'); 
  
  -- 导出和导入命令 
  select wm_concat('''' || u.username || '''') into v_dbuser_names
    from dba_users u
   where u.username not in ('ANONYMOUS','CTXSYS','DBSNMP','DIP','DMSYS','EXFSYS','MDDATA','MDSYS','MGMT_VIEW','OLAPSYS','ORDPLUGINS',
                            'ORDSYS','OUTLN','SCOTT','SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA','SYS','SYSMAN','SYSTEM','TSMSYS','WMSYS','XDB')
     and u.username in (select distinct o.owner from dba_objects o); -- 拥有对象的用户
  utl_file.put_line(l_file, 'exp ' || source_db_conn || ' owner=(' || v_dbuser_names || ') file="D:\sourcedb.dmp" log="D:\sourcedbexp.log" GRANTS=N COMPRESS=N');
  /*for uc in (
  select u.username
    from dba_users u
   where u.username not in ('ANONYMOUS','CTXSYS','DBSNMP','DIP','DMSYS','EXFSYS','MDDATA','MDSYS','MGMT_VIEW','OLAPSYS','ORDPLUGINS',
                            'ORDSYS','OUTLN','SCOTT','SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA','SYS','SYSMAN','SYSTEM','TSMSYS','WMSYS','XDB')
     and u.username in (select distinct o.owner from dba_objects o))
  loop
    utl_file.put_line(l_file, 'imp ' || target_db_conn || ' file="D:\sourcedb.dmp" log="D:\imp_' || uc.username || '.log" GRANTS=N'
                      || ' fromuser=' || uc.username || ' touser=' || uc.username);
  end loop;*/
  utl_file.put_line(l_file, 'imp ' || target_db_conn || ' full=Y file="D:\sourcedb.dmp" log="D:\sourcedbimp.log" GRANTS=N');
  
  utl_file.fflush(l_file); 
  utl_file.fclose(l_file); 
end;
创建缺失的对象.sql
declare 
  l_file utl_file.file_type; -- 输出文件
begin
  execute immediate 'create or replace directory D_OUTPUT as ''D:\TEMP'''; -- 路径必须是数据库服务器上的硬盘!!!
  l_file := utl_file.fopen(location => 'D_OUTPUT',
                    filename => '4_create_objs19.sql',
                    open_mode => 'A',
                    max_linesize => 32767); 
  -- 创建外键
  utl_file.put_line(l_file, '-- 创建缺失的外键');
  for c in 
  (
  SELECT DBMS_METADATA.get_ddl('REF_CONSTRAINT', sc.constraint_name, sc.owner) ddl_text
    FROM dba_constraints sc
   where sc.constraint_type='R'
     and sc.owner || sc.constraint_name not in (select tc.owner || tc.constraint_name
                                                  from dba_constraints@targetdb tc
                                                 where tc.owner not in ('ANONYMOUS','CTXSYS','DBSNMP','DIP','DMSYS','EXFSYS','MDDATA','MDSYS','MGMT_VIEW','OLAPSYS','ORDPLUGINS',
                                                                        'ORDSYS','OUTLN','SCOTT','SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA','SYS','SYSMAN','SYSTEM','TSMSYS','WMSYS','XDB'))
     and sc.owner not in ('ANONYMOUS','CTXSYS','DBSNMP','DIP','DMSYS','EXFSYS','MDDATA','MDSYS','MGMT_VIEW','OLAPSYS','ORDPLUGINS',
                          'ORDSYS','OUTLN','SCOTT','SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA','SYS','SYSMAN','SYSTEM','TSMSYS','WMSYS','XDB'))
  loop
    utl_file.put_line(l_file, c.ddl_text || ';');
    utl_file.fflush(l_file); 
  end loop;  
  
  -- 创建缺失的视图
  utl_file.put_line(l_file, '-- 创建缺失的视图');
  for c in 
  (select DBMS_METADATA.get_ddl('VIEW', v.view_name, v.owner) ddl_text
     from dba_views v
    where v.owner || v.view_name not in (select tv.owner || tv.view_name from dba_views@targetdb tv
                                          where tv.owner not in ('ANONYMOUS','CTXSYS','DBSNMP','DIP','DMSYS','EXFSYS','MDDATA','MDSYS','MGMT_VIEW','OLAPSYS','ORDPLUGINS',
                                                                 'ORDSYS','OUTLN','SCOTT','SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA','SYS','SYSMAN','SYSTEM','TSMSYS','WMSYS','XDB'))
      and v.owner not in ('ANONYMOUS','CTXSYS','DBSNMP','DIP','DMSYS','EXFSYS','MDDATA','MDSYS','MGMT_VIEW','OLAPSYS','ORDPLUGINS',
                          'ORDSYS','OUTLN','SCOTT','SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA','SYS','SYSMAN','SYSTEM','TSMSYS','WMSYS','XDB'))                                                                 
  loop
    utl_file.put_line(l_file, c.ddl_text || ';');
    utl_file.fflush(l_file); 
  end loop;
  
  -- 创建缺失的函数和存储过程
  utl_file.put_line(l_file, '-- 创建缺失的函数和存储过程');
  for c in 
  (select DBMS_METADATA.get_ddl(o.object_type,  o.object_name, o.owner) ddl_text
     from dba_objects o
    where o.object_type in ('PACKAGE','FUNCTION','PROCEDURE')
     and o.owner || o.object_name not in (select t.owner || t.object_name from dba_objects@targetdb t
                                           where t.owner not in ('ANONYMOUS','CTXSYS','DBSNMP','DIP','DMSYS','EXFSYS','MDDATA','MDSYS','MGMT_VIEW','OLAPSYS','ORDPLUGINS',
                                                                 'ORDSYS','OUTLN','SCOTT','SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA','SYS','SYSMAN','SYSTEM','TSMSYS','WMSYS','XDB'))
     and o.owner not in ('ANONYMOUS','CTXSYS','DBSNMP','DIP','DMSYS','EXFSYS','MDDATA','MDSYS','MGMT_VIEW','OLAPSYS','ORDPLUGINS',
                            'ORDSYS','OUTLN','SCOTT','SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA','SYS','SYSMAN','SYSTEM','TSMSYS','WMSYS','XDB'))
  loop
    utl_file.put_line(l_file, c.ddl_text);
    utl_file.fflush(l_file); 
  end loop;
  
  -- 创建缺失的同义词
  utl_file.put_line(l_file, '-- 创建缺失的同义词');
  for c in (
  select s.*, DBMS_METADATA.get_ddl('SYNONYM',  s.synonym_name, s.owner) ddl_text 
    from dba_synonyms s
   where s.owner || s.synonym_name not in (select ts.owner || ts.synonym_name from dba_synonyms@targetdb ts
                                            where ts.owner not in ('ANONYMOUS','CTXSYS','DBSNMP','DIP','DMSYS','EXFSYS','MDDATA','MDSYS','MGMT_VIEW','OLAPSYS','ORDPLUGINS',
                                                                   'ORDSYS','OUTLN','SCOTT','SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA','SYS','SYSMAN','SYSTEM','TSMSYS','WMSYS','XDB'))
     and s.owner not in ('ANONYMOUS','CTXSYS','DBSNMP','DIP','DMSYS','EXFSYS','MDDATA','MDSYS','MGMT_VIEW','OLAPSYS','ORDPLUGINS',
                         'ORDSYS','OUTLN','SCOTT','SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA','SYS','SYSMAN','SYSTEM','TSMSYS','WMSYS','XDB'))
  loop
     utl_file.put_line(l_file, c.ddl_text || ';');
     utl_file.fflush(l_file); 
  end loop;
  
  utl_file.fflush(l_file); 
  utl_file.fclose(l_file);               
end;                


Step1
:以 sys 用户登录源数据库,执行“导出表空间和用户的创建脚本.sql”。

  在执行之前,要确认脚本中的几个参数:
  D_OUTPUT 参数是服务器硬盘上路径,默认为d:\temp,确保文件夹已创建。
  source_db_conn 和 target_db_conn 为源数据库和目标数据库的用户名、密码和服务命名,要使用 sys 用户。
  is_asm 表示目标数据库是否使用ASM管理数据文件。
  target_datafile_path 是目标数据库数据文件的路径。

  执行此脚本会在数据库所在服务器硬盘 d:\temp 创建3个文件:
  1_creation.sql 创建表空间和用户的数据库脚本。
  2_exp_imp.txt 导出和导入命令。
  3_grand_obj_privs.sql 给对象赋予权限的数据库脚本。

Step2:以 sys 用户登录目标数据库,执行 “1_creation.sql”,创建表空间和用户。

Step3:打开命令行,执行exp_imp.txt里的导出命令。

Step4:打开命令行,执行exp_imp.txt里的导入命令。注:在Windows下,如果想要以sys用户导入导出,需要加引号,例如 imp 'sys/Zhf-1980@testdb as sysdba' ...;而在 linux 系统下,则要写成  imp \'sys/Zhf-1980@testdb as sysdba\' ...

Step5:打开 Step4 生成的 d:\sourcedbimp.log,搜索IMP开头的信息,确认有哪些对象导入失败。

Step6:以sys登录源数据库,创建指向目标数据库的数据链接,然后执行“创建缺失的对象.sql”。此脚本将生成“4_create_objs.sql”。

Step7:以sys登录目标数据库,执行4_create_objs.sql,可以将 Step5 导入失败的外键、视图、存储过程和同义词等再创建一遍。

Step8:使用PL/SQL Developer,以sys登录目标数据库,使用菜单 Tools|Compile Invalid Objects...,编译所有无效对象。

posted on 2012-09-27 15:08  1-2-3  阅读(1265)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报