Ubuntu 查询 so 归属的 package

今天 LZ 在运行一个程序的时候，出现找不到 so 库的情况：

>$ ./core
./core: error while loading shared libraries: libudev.so.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
>$

可以看出来， core 这个程序依赖了一个叫做 libudev.so 的库，但是再系统中找不到这个库，那么就需要安装一下。

可是如果通过 apt-get 的方式安装的话，需要知道 libudev.so 在哪个软件包中才行。

那么问题来了，怎样查找一个 so 库在哪个软件包中呢？

通过 apt-file 命令就可以查找了。

首先 apt-file 命令不像 apt-get 命令一样，它在系统中是没有预装的，需要我们手动安装一下：

>$ sudo apt-get install apt-file
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  curl libconfig-file-perl libregexp-assemble-perl
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  apt-file curl libconfig-file-perl libregexp-assemble-perl
0 upgraded, 4 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded.
Need to get 242 kB of archives.
After this operation, 743 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/main curl amd64 7.35.0-1ubuntu2.6 [123 kB]
Get:2 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/universe libconfig-file-perl all 1.50-2 [10.1 kB]
Get:3 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/universe libregexp-assemble-perl all 0.35-8 [81.2 kB]
Get:4 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/universe apt-file all 2.5.2ubuntu1 [27.1 kB]
Fetched 242 kB in 10s (22.2 kB/s)  
Selecting previously unselected package curl.
(Reading database ... 204801 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../curl_7.35.0-1ubuntu2.6_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking curl (7.35.0-1ubuntu2.6) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libconfig-file-perl.
Preparing to unpack .../libconfig-file-perl_1.50-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libconfig-file-perl (1.50-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libregexp-assemble-perl.
Preparing to unpack .../libregexp-assemble-perl_0.35-8_all.deb ...
Unpacking libregexp-assemble-perl (0.35-8) ...
Selecting previously unselected package apt-file.
Preparing to unpack .../apt-file_2.5.2ubuntu1_all.deb ...
Unpacking apt-file (2.5.2ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1ubuntu1) ...
Setting up curl (7.35.0-1ubuntu2.6) ...
Setting up libconfig-file-perl (1.50-2) ...
Setting up libregexp-assemble-perl (0.35-8) ...
Setting up apt-file (2.5.2ubuntu1) ...
The system-wide cache is empty. You may want to run 'apt-file update'
as root to update the cache. You can also run 'apt-file update' as
normal user to use a cache in the user's home directory.
>$

安装好 apt-file 工具之后还不能马上进行查找，得先更新它的索引文件才行。

从上面的提示可以看出来，更新索引文件必须使用 root 身份，所以别忘了用 sudo 命令。

>$ sudo apt-file update
Downloading complete file http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty/Contents-amd64.gz
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100 28.0M  100 28.0M    0     0  84554      0  0:05:47  0:05:47 --:--:-- 99773
Downloading complete file http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty-updates/Contents-amd64.gz
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100 25.5M  100 25.5M    0     0  65803      0  0:06:47  0:06:47 --:--:-- 63514
Downloading Index http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty/Contents-amd64.diff/Index:
No Index available.
Downloading complete file http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty/Contents-amd64.gz
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0 28.0M    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0
File is up-to-date.
Downloading Index http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty-updates/Contents-amd64.diff/Index:
No Index available.
Downloading complete file http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty-updates/Contents-amd64.gz
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0 25.5M    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0
File is up-to-date.
Downloading Index http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty/Contents-amd64.diff/Index:
No Index available.
Downloading complete file http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty/Contents-amd64.gz
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0 28.0M    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0
File is up-to-date.
Downloading Index http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty-updates/Contents-amd64.diff/Index:
No Index available.
Downloading complete file http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty-updates/Contents-amd64.gz
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0 25.5M    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:--  0:00:05 --:--:--     0
File is up-to-date.
Downloading complete file http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty-backports/Contents-amd64.gz
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  285k  100  285k    0     0  60524      0  0:00:04  0:00:04 --:--:-- 59904
Downloading complete file http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty-security/Contents-amd64.gz
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100 22.6M  100 22.6M    0     0  55478      0  0:07:07  0:07:07 --:--:--  100k
Downloading Index http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty-security/Contents-amd64.diff/Index:
No Index available.
Downloading complete file http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty-security/Contents-amd64.gz
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0
File is up-to-date.
Downloading Index http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty-security/Contents-amd64.diff/Index:
No Index available.
Downloading complete file http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty-security/Contents-amd64.gz
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0
File is up-to-date.
Ignoring source without Contents File:
  http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty/Contents-amd64.gz
>$

耐心等待这些包更新完，然后就可以查找我们要的库了。好在这些索引文件不是很大，用不了多久就更新完毕了。

接下来使用 apt-file 命令查找我们的 so 在哪个 package 中。

>$ sudo apt-file search libudev.so
libudev-dev: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libudev.so
libudev1: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libudev.so.1
libudev1: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libudev.so.1.3.5
>$

本来 LZ 搜索的是 libudev.so.0，但是没有搜索到，所以就只好把末尾的 .0 去掉来搜索更大的范围。

在搜索的结果中，左侧的是 package，右侧就是 so 的路径，所以在查到 package 后通过 apt-get 命令安装它就可以了。

>$ sudo apt-get install libudev1 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
libudev1 is already the newest version.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded.
>$

======================分割线====================

LZ 的运气总是不好，用 libudev.so.0 这个库来举栗子不够典型，因为这个库多少有些特殊，通过上面的安装结果可以看出来， libudev1 这个库并没有安装成功，因为它早已被安装好了。

既然我们运行的 ./core 程序中提示找不到 libudev.so.0，而我们的系统中只有一个 libudev.so.1，那么直接做一个符号链接就可以了。

>$ sudo ln -s /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libudev.so.1 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libudev.so.0
>$

在绝大多数情况下，通过 apt-file 命令根据 so 反查归属的 package，然后再通过 apt-get 命令安装这个 package 就可以了。

在少数情况下，比如 LZ 遇到的这种情况下，就需要通过一些变通的手段了。

posted on 2016-03-30 11:00 0xCAFEBABE 阅读(720) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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