使用jQuery向asp.net Mvc传递复杂json数据-ModelBinder篇
调用jQuery的ajax方法时,jQuery会根据post或者get协议对参数data进行序列化;
如果提交的数据使用复杂的json数据,例如:
{userId:32323,userName:{firstName:"李",lastName:"李大嘴"}}
那么服务器是无法正常接收到完整的参数,因为jQuery对data的序列化,是使用了键值对拼装的方式;
参数拼装成 userId=32323&userName=object ; userName所指向的对象被序列化成字符串"object"
如何才能把一个复杂的object对象提交到后台的action参数中呢?
首先,解决jQuery对于参数序列化的问题:
/*对象序列化为字符串*/
String.toSerialize = function(obj) {
var ransferCharForJavascript = function(s) {
var newStr = s.replace(
/[\x26\x27\x3C\x3E\x0D\x0A\x22\x2C\x5C\x00]/g,
function(c) {
ascii = c.charCodeAt(0)
return '\\u00' + (ascii < 16 ? '0' + ascii.toString(16) : ascii.toString(16))
}
);
return newStr;
}
if (obj == null) {
return null
}
else if (obj.constructor == Array) {
var builder = [];
builder.push("[");
for (var index in obj) {
if (typeof obj[index] == "function") continue;
if (index > 0) builder.push(",");
builder.push(String.toSerialize(obj[index]));
}
builder.push("]");
return builder.join("");
}
else if (obj.constructor == Object) {
var builder = [];
builder.push("{");
var index = 0;
for (var key in obj) {
if (typeof obj[key] == "function") continue;
if (index > 0) builder.push(",");
builder.push(String.format("\"{0}\":{1}", key, String.toSerialize(obj[key])));
index++;
}
builder.push("}");
return builder.join("");
}
else if (obj.constructor == Boolean) {
return obj.toString();
}
else if (obj.constructor == Number) {
return obj.toString();
}
else if (obj.constructor == String) {
return String.format('"{0}"', ransferCharForJavascript(obj));
}
else if (obj.constructor == Date) {
return String.format('{"__DataType":"Date","__thisue":{0}}', obj.getTime() - (new Date(1970, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0)).getTime());
}
else if (this.toString != undefined) {
return String.toSerialize(obj);
}
}
jQuery异步请求:
$(function() {
/*按钮点击事件*/
$("#btn_post_test").click(function() {
var data = [
{ UserId: "11", UserName: { FirstName: "323", LastName: "2323" }, Keys: ["xiaoming", "xiaohong"] },
{ UserId: "22", UserName: { FirstName: "323", LastName: "2323" }, Keys: ["xiaoming", "xiaohong"] },
{ UserId: "33", UserName: { FirstName: "323", LastName: "2323" }, Keys: ["xiaoming", "xiaohong"] }
];
$.post("Home/Test", { users: String.toSerialize(data) }, function(text) {
alert(String.toSerialize(text));
}, "json");
});
});
点击按钮提交数据,监控浏览器,可以发现提交的数据是json对象的序列化后的内容:
POST /Home/Test HTTP/1.1
x-requested-with: XMLHttpRequest
Accept-Language: zh-cn
Referer: http://localhost:3149/test.html
Accept: application/json, text/javascript, */*
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; InfoPath.2; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)
Host: localhost:3149
Content-Length: 501
Connection: Keep-Alive
Cache-Control: no-cache
Cookie: CookieGlobalLoginUserID=16063
users=%5B%7B%22UserId%22%3A%2211%22%2C%22Name%22%3A%7B%22FirstName%22%3A%22323%22%2C%22LastName%22%3A%222323%22%7D%2C%22Keys%22%3A%5B%22xiaoming%22%2C%22xiaohong%22%5D%7D%2C%7B%22UserId%22%3A%2222%22%2C%22Name%22%3A%7B%22FirstName%22%3A%22323%22%2C%22LastName%22%3A%222323%22%7D%2C%22Keys%22%3A%5B%22xiaoming%22%2C%22xiaohong%22%5D%7D%2C%7B%22UserId%22%3A%2233%22%2C%22Name%22%3A%7B%22FirstName%22%3A%22323%22%2C%22LastName%22%3A%222323%22%7D%2C%22Keys%22%3A%5B%22xiaoming%22%2C%22xiaohong%22%5D%7D%5D
其次,后台服务器处理参数绑定:
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using Newtonsoft.Json;
using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
namespace WebOS.Controllers
{
[HandleError]
public class HomeController : Controller
{
/// <summary>
/// 测试方法
/// </summary>
/// <param name="users">用户数据</param>
/// <returns>提交的用户数组</returns>
public ActionResult Test([ModelBinder(typeof(JsonBinder<User>))]List<User> users)
{
return Json(users, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 对象实体
/// </summary>
[JsonObject]
public class User
{
[JsonProperty("UserName")]
public UserName Name { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("UserId")]
public string UserId { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("Keys")]
public List<string> Keys { get; set; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 对象实体
/// </summary>
[JsonObject]
public class UserName
{
[JsonProperty("FirstName")]
public string FirstName { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("LastName")]
public string LastName { get; set; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Json数据绑定类
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
public class JsonBinder<T> : IModelBinder
{
public object BindModel(ControllerContext controllerContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext)
{
//从请求中获取提交的参数数据
var json = controllerContext.HttpContext.Request.Form[bindingContext.ModelName] as string;
//提交参数是对象
if (json.StartsWith("{") && json.EndsWith("}"))
{
JObject jsonBody = JObject.Parse(json);
JsonSerializer js = new JsonSerializer();
object obj = js.Deserialize(jsonBody.CreateReader(), typeof(T));
return obj;
}
//提交参数是数组
if (json.StartsWith("[") && json.EndsWith("]"))
{
IList<T> list = new List<T>();
JArray jsonRsp = JArray.Parse(json);
if (jsonRsp != null)
{
for (int i = 0; i < jsonRsp.Count; i++)
{
JsonSerializer js = new JsonSerializer();
object obj = js.Deserialize(jsonRsp[i].CreateReader(), typeof(T));
list.Add((T)obj);
}
}
return list;
}
return null;
}
}
}
前端获取到后台返回的数据,结果就是用户提交的数据: 
后台json反序列化使用了Newtonsoft.Json 组件,有关资料请参考:http://james.newtonking.com/
