BookMark180003：《词义的语言:词义理论的跨学科讨论》

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《词义的语言:词义理论的跨学科讨论》：计算语言学与语言科技原文丛书

作者简介

作者：（美国）布伊隆（Pierrette Bouillon） （美国）布萨（Federica Busa） 合著者：黄居仁 苏祺

目录

Preface
List of Contributors
Introduction: Word Meaning and Creativity .
Part I Linguistic Creativity and the Lexicon
1 Introduction
2 Chomsky on the Creative Aspect of Language Use and Its Implications for Lexical Semantic Studies
3 The Emminess of the Lexicon.Critical Reflections on J. Pusteiovsky's "The Generative Lexicon"
4 Generativity and Explanation in Semantics. A Reply to Fodor and Lepore
5 The "Fodor"-FODOR Fallacy Bites Back

Part Ⅱ The Syntax of Word Meaning
6 Introduction
7 Type Construction and the Logic of Concepts
8 Underspecification, Context Selection, and Generativity
9 Qualia and the Structuring of Verb Meaning
10 Sense Variation and Lexical Semantics.. Generative Operations
11 Individuation by Partitive Constructions in Spanish
12 Event Coreference in Causal Discourses

Part Ⅲ Interfacing the Lexicon
13 Introduction
14 Metaphor, Creative Understanding, and the Generatiye Lexicon
15 Metaphor in Discourse
16 Syntax and Metonymy
17 Generative Lexicon Meets Corpus Data. The Case of
Nonstandard Word Uses

Part Ⅳ Building Resources
18 Introduction
19 Generative Lexicon and the SIMPLE Model. Developing Semantic Resources for NLP
20 Lexicography Informs Lexical Semantics:The SIMPLE Experience
21 Condensed Meaning in EuroWordNet
Index

序言

计算语言学（（20mputational Linguistics，CL）在语言科学与信息科学的研究领域扮演关键性的角色。语言学理论寻求对语言现象规律性的揭示与完整的解释。计算语言学正好提供了验证与应用这些规律与解释的大好机会。作为语言学、信息科学乃至于心理学与认知科学结合的交叉学科，计算语言学更提供了语言学基础研究与应用研究的绝佳界面。事实上，计算语言学与人类语言科技（Human Language Technology，HLT）可以视为一体两面，不可分割。
计算语言学研究滥觞于上世纪五六十年代的机器翻译研究。中文的相关研究也几乎同步开始，1960年起在柏克莱加州大学研究室，王士元、邹嘉彦、C.Y.Dougherty等人已开始研究中英、中俄机器翻译。他们的中文计算语言学研究，可说是与世界最尖端科技同步的。中国国内中俄翻译研究也不遑多让，大约在上世纪50年代中期便已开始。可惜的是，这些中文相关早期机器翻译研究，由于硬件与软件的限制，没能延续下来。中文计算语言学研究比较有系统的进展，还要等到1986年；海峡两岸在同一年成立了两个致力于中文计算语言学基础架构建立的研究群。北京大学的计算语言学研究所在朱德熙先生倡导下成立，随后一段时间由陆俭明、俞士汶主持。而台湾“中研院”的中文词知识库小组，由谢清俊创立，陈克健主持，黄居仁1987年返台后加入。
中文计算语言学的研究，20余年来已累积了相当可观的成绩，重要研究领域与议题中都有可观的研究成果，华人计算语言学者也渐渐在国际学术界崭露头角。随着世界经济转向知识密集产业，跨语言跨文化沟通与知识整合成为知识产业的关键，语言科技的发展日渐成为国际主流。在这个有利发展的大环境下，我们相信，中文计算语言学与华人计算语言学学者的成绩，将会百尺竿头更进一步，进入计算语言学学术核心，并产生把握学科动态、引领学术走向的大师。

文摘

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This quote from Patrick Hanks reflects very closely the spirit of this volume thattackles the relation between word meaning and human linguistic creativity. Weare interested in pursuing the view that words are rich repositories of semanticinformation that people use to talk about the world in a potentially infinite numberof ways. Our goal is to tackle the essence of words insofar as they provide awindow onto human cognition and the compositional nature of thought. It is thusimperative that a theory of language addresses how lexical items contribute to thepeculiar human ability that goes under the label of "linguistic creativity" It is undeniable that words have "meanings" that go above and beyond the scopeof linguistic research: They often carry the weight of a person's own experience.We are not aiming at exploring the unexplorable, but in proving that, given anappropriate set of methodological tools, a formal modeling of word meaning andlinguistic creativity can be achieved. Linguistic creativity is a "generative" abilityto extend the expressive possibilities of language in a potentially infinite numberof ways. From the perspective of the lexicon （i.e., word meaning）, it is the abilityto give new meanings to words beyond their literal use. As such, the overall task follows the strategy of contemporary generative syntax,which has achieved a basic understanding of how speakers produce and understandnovel utterances and has brought simplicity to the great complexity underlying thesyntactic structure of sentences. This became possible once the basic data set wasisolated and regularities were identified in the massive variability of grammaticalexpressions. From the viewpoint of the lexicon, however, creativity looks even more like amiracle. Researchers tend to disagree on what constitutes "linguistic" evidence（as opposed to context-dependent use of words） as well as what is the basic vo-cabulary for describing regularities in the behavior of lexical items. As a result,lexical semantics has been confined to a narrow domain of investigation, essentiallydependent on a specific grammatical framework.