Centos7之WEB服务器
1、安装httpd服务
输入命令：yum -y install httpd
1 [root@N37012 ~]# yum -y install httpc 2 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks 3 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile 4 No package httpc available. 5 Error: Nothing to do 6 [root@N37012 ~]# yum -y install httpd 7 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks 8 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile 9 Resolving Dependencies 10 --> Running transaction check 11 ---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-89.el7.centos will be installed 12 --> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-89.el7.centos for package: httpd-2.4.6-89.el7.centos.x86_64 13 --> Processing Dependency: /etc/mime.types for package: httpd-2.4.6-89.el7.centos.x86_64 14 --> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-89.el7.centos.x86_64 15 --> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-89.el7.centos.x86_64 16 --> Running transaction check 17 ---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7_4.1 will be installed 18 ---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 will be installed 19 ---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-89.el7.centos will be installed 20 ---> Package mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7 will be installed 21 --> Finished Dependency Resolution 22 23 Dependencies Resolved 24 25 ======================================================================================================================================================== 26 Package Arch Version Repository Size 27 ======================================================================================================================================================== 28 Installing: 29 httpd x86_64 2.4.6-89.el7.centos updates 2.7 M 30 Installing for dependencies: 31 apr x86_64 1.4.8-3.el7_4.1 os 103 k 32 apr-util x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 os 92 k 33 httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-89.el7.centos updates 90 k 34 mailcap noarch 2.1.41-2.el7 os 31 k 35 36 Transaction Summary 37 ======================================================================================================================================================== 38 Install 1 Package (+4 Dependent packages) 39 40 Total download size: 3.0 M 41 Installed size: 10 M 42 Downloading packages: 43 (1/5): httpd-tools-2.4.6-89.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 90 kB 00:00:00 44 (2/5): apr-1.4.8-3.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm | 103 kB 00:00:00 45 (3/5): apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm | 92 kB 00:00:00 46 (4/5): mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 31 kB 00:00:00 47 (5/5): httpd-2.4.6-89.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 2.7 MB 00:00:00 48 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49 Total 3.0 MB/s | 3.0 MB 00:00:01 50 Running transaction check 51 Running transaction test 52 Transaction test succeeded 53 Running transaction 54 Installing : apr-1.4.8-3.el7_4.1.x86_64 1/5 55 Installing : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 2/5 56 Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-89.el7.centos.x86_64 3/5 57 Installing : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 4/5 58 Installing : httpd-2.4.6-89.el7.centos.x86_64 5/5 59 Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.6-89.el7.centos.x86_64 1/5 60 Verifying : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 2/5 61 Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-89.el7.centos.x86_64 3/5 62 Verifying : apr-1.4.8-3.el7_4.1.x86_64 4/5 63 Verifying : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 5/5 64 65 Installed: 66 httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-89.el7.centos 67 68 Dependency Installed: 69 apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7_4.1 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-89.el7.centos mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7 70 71 Complete! 72 [root@N37012 ~]#
2、配置
Apache 主要的配置文件是 /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 。 它包含许多在基本安装中不需要更改的配置。 实际上，只需对此文件进行一些更改即可启动并运行一个简单的网站。
3、监听端口
第一个要修改的是 Listen 配置项，它定义了 Apache 要监听页面请求的 IP 地址和端口。 现在，你只需要使这个网站可以从本地访问，所以使用 localhost 地址。 完成后，该行应该看起来像这样（位置大概在42行）
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
Listen 127.0.0.1:80
通过将此配置项设置为 localhost 的 IP 地址，Apache 将只侦听来自本地主机的连接。 如果您希望 Web 服务器侦听来自远程主机的连接，则可以使用主机的外部 IP 地址。
4、网页页面html文件位置
DocumentRoot 配置项指定组成网站页面的 HTML 文件的位置。 该配置项不需要更改，因为它已经指向标准位置。 该行应该看起来像这样（位置大概在119行）
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"
如果想更改存储网站文件的位置，可修改此配置项完成。例如改成/var/myhtml/html
DocumentRoot "/var/myhtml/html"
5、防火墙设置
查看防火墙状态
1 [root@N37012 ~]# systemctl status firewalld 2 ● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon 3 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled) 4 Active: inactive (dead) 5 Docs: man:firewalld(1) 6 [root@N37012 ~]#
启动防火墙
1 [root@N37012 ~]# systemctl start firewalld.service 2 [root@N37012 ~]# systemctl status firewalld 3 ● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon 4 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) 5 Active: active (running) since Sun 2019-05-19 16:53:09 CST; 1s ago 6 Docs: man:firewalld(1) 7 Main PID: 4192 (firewalld) 8 CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service 9 └─4192 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid 10 11 May 19 16:53:08 N37012 systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon... 12 May 19 16:53:09 N37012 systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon. 13 [root@N37012 ~]#
开放TCP的80端口，并重载防火墙
1 [root@N37012 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent 2 success 3 [root@N37012 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload 4 success 5 [root@N37012 ~]#
查看防火墙开放端口
1 [root@N37012 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports 2 80/tcp 3 [root@N37012 ~]#
6、创建index.html文件
index.html文件是使用域名访问网站而不是访问特点网页时的默认文件。在/var/www/html中。
创建index.html文件并输入文字hello word~
输入命令：chown apache index.html
7、查看Apache状态，如未启动。则启动
1 [root@N37012 html]# systemctl status httpd 2 ● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server 3 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) 4 Active: inactive (dead) 5 Docs: man:httpd(8) 6 man:apachectl(8) 7 [root@N37012 html]# systemctl start httpd 8 [root@N37012 html]# systemctl status httpd 9 ● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server 10 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) 11 Active: active (running) since Sun 2019-05-19 17:00:14 CST; 4s ago 12 Docs: man:httpd(8) 13 man:apachectl(8) 14 Main PID: 5405 (httpd) 15 Status: "Processing requests..." 16 CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service 17 ├─5405 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND 18 ├─5406 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND 19 ├─5407 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND 20 ├─5408 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND 21 ├─5409 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND 22 └─5410 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND 23 24 May 19 17:00:14 N37012 systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server... 25 May 19 17:00:14 N37012 httpd[5405]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.30.0.3....s message 26 May 19 17:00:14 N37012 systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server. 27 Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full. 28 [root@N37012 html]#
8、访问web服务器
在Chrome或IE浏览器地址栏中输入Apache地址。即可访问到本机
