第十七篇：django基础（二）
本篇内容
简单图书crm系统
编写views
views：作为MVC中的C，接收用户的输入，调用数据库Model层和业务逻辑Model层，处理后将处理结果渲染到V层中去。
app01/views.py:
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse, redirect
# Create your views here.
from app01 import models
def index(request):
bookList = models.Book.objects.all()
return render(request, "app01/index.html", {"bookList": bookList})
def add(request):
if request.method == "POST":
title = request.POST.get("title")
pubdate = request.POST.get("pubdate")
price = request.POST.get("price")
publish = request.POST.get("publish")
models.Book.objects.create(title=title, pubDate=pubdate, price=price, publish=publish)
return redirect("/index")
return render(request, "app01/add.html")
def delbook(request, id):
models.Book.objects.filter(id=id).delete()
return redirect("/index")
def editbook(request, id):
if request.method == "POST":
title = request.POST.get("title")
pubdate = request.POST.get("pubdate")
price = request.POST.get("price")
publish = request.POST.get("publish")
models.Book.objects.filter(id=id).update(title=title, pubDate=pubdate, price=price, publish=publish)
return redirect("/index/")
edit_book = models.Book.objects.filter(id=id)[0]
return render(request, "app01/edit.html", {"edit_book": edit_book})
编写urls
urls，程序的入口，支持正则匹配访问url，将访问url映射到views中的具体某个函数中。
为了能调用到上面这个views，我们需要将views.index函数映射到URL中。
我们可以创建一个urls.py 在App目录下。
app01/urls.py:
"""crm URL Configuration
The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
1. Add an import: from my_app import views
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^index/', views.index),
url(r'^add/', views.add),
url(r'^del/(\d+)', views.delbook),
url(r'^edit/(\d+)', views.editbook),
]
编写models
models与数据库操作相关，是django处理数据库的一个特色之处，它包含你的数据库基本字段与数据。通过一系列封装的api可以直接操作数据库。当然，也支持原生sql。
既然models与数据库相关，那么首先需要配置数据库
1、数据库设置，mysite/settings.py:
这里默认使用内置的sqlite3，配置如下：
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
}
}
app01/models.py:
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Book(models.Model):
id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
pubDate = models.DateField()
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=6, decimal_places=2)
publish = models.CharField(max_length=32)
控制台分别运行：
$ python manage.py makemigrations $ python manage.py migrate
编写html
app01/templates/index:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>主页</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.css">
<style>
.container{
margin-top: 100px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
<a href="/add/"><button class="btn btn-primary">添加</button></a>
<table class="table table-hover">
<tr>
<th>编号</th>
<th>书名</th>
<th>出版日期</th>
<th>价格</th>
<th>出版社</th>
<th>操作</th>
</tr>
{% for book_obj in bookList %}
<tr>
<td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
<td>{{ book_obj.title }}</td>
<td>{{ book_obj.pubDate | date:"Y-m-d"}}</td>
<td>{{ book_obj.price }}</td>
<td>{{ book_obj.publish }}</td>
<td>
<a href="/edit/{{ book_obj.id }}"><button class="btn btn-info">编辑</button></a>
<a href="/del/{{ book_obj.id }}"><button class="btn btn-danger">删除</button></a>
</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
app01/templates/add:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>添加页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/add/" method="post">
<p>书名：<input type="text" name="title"></p>
<p>出版日期：<input type="date" name="pubdate"></p>
<p>价格：<input type="text" name="price"></p>
<p>出版社：<input type="text" name="publish"></p>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
app01/templates/edit:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>编辑页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/edit/{{ edit_book.id }}" method="post">
<p>书名：<input type="text" name="title" value="{{ edit_book.title }}"></p>
<p>出版日期：<input type="date" name="pubdate" value="{{ edit_book.pubDate|date:'Y-m-d' }}"></p>
<p>价格：<input type="text" name="price" value="{{ edit_book.price }}"></p>
<p>出版社：<input type="text" name="publish" value="{{ edit_book.publish }}"></p>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
