kubeadm部署一个k8s集群
kubeadm是官方社区推出的一个用于快速部署kubernetes集群的工具。
这个工具能通过两条指令完成一个kubernetes集群的部署:
# 创建一个Master节点
$ kubeadm init
# 将一个Node节点加入到当前集群中
$ kubeadm join <Master节点的IP和端口>
主机 |
IP |
k8s-master |
192.168.200.147 |
k8s-node1 |
192.168.200.148 |
k8s-node2 |
192.168.200.149 |
# 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
#关闭selinux
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config #永久
setenforce 0 #临时
#关闭swap
swapoff -a #临时
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab #永久
#根据规划设置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname <hostname> #分别设置为k8s-master、k8s-node1、k8s-node2
hostname #确认是否配置生效
#在master添加hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.200.147 k8s-master
192.168.200.148 k8s-node1
192.168.200.149 k8s-node2
EOF
ping k8s-node1 #确认配置生效
#将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system #生效
#时间同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com
所有节点安装Docker/kubeadm/kubelet
安装Docker
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
yum -y install docker-ce
systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart docker && systemctl status docker
添加阿里云YUM软件源
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
安装kubeadm,kubelet和kubectl
yum install -y kubelet-1.18.0 kubeadm-1.18.0 kubectl-1.18.0
systemctl enable kubelet
部署Kubernetes Master
kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.200.147 --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version v1.18.0 --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --token-ttl=0
初始过程中,可以clone session,在另一个窗口中输入docker images,查看拉取的镜像。
确认看到“Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!”则表明初始化成功。
--apiserver-advertise-address 集群通告地址
--image-repository 由于默认拉取镜像地址k8s.gcr.io国内无法访问,这里指定阿里云镜像仓库地址
--kubernetes-version K8s版本,与上面安装的一致
--service-cidr 集群内部虚拟网络,Pod统一访问入口
--pod-network-cidr Pod网络,,与下面部署的CNI网络组件yaml中保持一致
--token-ttl:默认token的有效期为24小时,如果不想过期,可以加上 --token-ttl=0 这个参数
使用kubectl工具:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
kubectl get nodes
加入Kubernetes Node
向集群添加新节点,执行在kubeadm init输出的kubeadm join命令:
kubeadm join 192.168.200.146:6443 --token oslxvk.o4511j5kfhamf5ct \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:9e8066adee832cb648fdd062a049d795b8a48428bdd7f31bed97e8c829c7cf74
k8s-node1和k8s-node2加入成功后,可执行以下命令查看:
kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master NotReady master 17m v1.18.0
k8s-node1 NotReady <none> 6s v1.18.0
k8s-node2 NotReady <none> 85s v1.18.0
此时仍为NotReady状态,需要执行“部署CNI网络插件”,状态才可以修改为Running
默认token有效期为24小时,当过期之后,该token就不可用了。这时就需要重新创建token,操作如下:
kubeadm token create --print-join-command
部署CNI网络插件
#raw.githubusercontent.com已经无法正常访问
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
创建kube-flannel.yml文件
---
kind: Namespace
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: kube-flannel
labels:
k8s-app: flannel
pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: privileged
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: flannel
name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- pods
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/status
verbs:
- patch
- apiGroups:
- networking.k8s.io
resources:
- clustercidrs
verbs:
- list
- watch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: flannel
name: flannel
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: flannel
namespace: kube-flannel
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: flannel
name: flannel
namespace: kube-flannel
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
namespace: kube-flannel
labels:
tier: node
k8s-app: flannel
app: flannel
data:
cni-conf.json: |
{
"name": "cbr0",
"cniVersion": "0.3.1",
"plugins": [
{
"type": "flannel",
"delegate": {
"hairpinMode": true,
"isDefaultGateway": true
}
},
{
"type": "portmap",
"capabilities": {
"portMappings": true
}
}
]
}
net-conf.json: |
{
"Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
"Backend": {
"Type": "vxlan"
}
}
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds
namespace: kube-flannel
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
k8s-app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
hostNetwork: true
priorityClassName: system-node-critical
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni-plugin
image: docker.io/flannel/flannel-cni-plugin:v1.2.0
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /flannel
- /opt/cni/bin/flannel
volumeMounts:
- name: cni-plugin
mountPath: /opt/cni/bin
- name: install-cni
image: docker.io/flannel/flannel:v0.22.2
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: docker.io/flannel/flannel:v0.22.2
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
- name: EVENT_QUEUE_DEPTH
value: "5000"
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
- name: xtables-lock
mountPath: /run/xtables.lock
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni-plugin
hostPath:
path: /opt/cni/bin
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
- name: xtables-lock
hostPath:
path: /run/xtables.lock
type: FileOrCreate
$ kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml #部署CNI网络插件
podsecuritypolicy.policy/psp.flannel.unprivileged created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/flannel created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/flannel created
serviceaccount/flannel created
configmap/kube-flannel-cfg created
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds-amd64 created
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds-arm64 created
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds-arm created
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le created
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds-s390x created
$ kubectl get pods -n kube-system #需要等待20分钟,之后查看所有pod都处于running状态
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
coredns-7ff77c879f-5kjnf 1/1 Running 0 75m
coredns-7ff77c879f-jj46z 1/1 Running 0 75m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-jvxfw 1/1 Running 0 26m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-ljdnf 1/1 Running 0 26m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-n9rhm 1/1 Running 0 28s
kube-proxy-fbznb 1/1 Running 0 75m
kube-proxy-j7jw7 1/1 Running 0 59m
kube-proxy-t4m4t 1/1 Running 0 60m
$ kubectl get nodes #查看所有节点都属于ready状态
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master Ready master 77m v1.18.0
k8s-node1 Ready <none> 60m v1.18.0
k8s-node2 Ready <none> 61m v1.18.0
测试kubernetes集群
在Kubernetes集群中创建一个pod,验证是否正常运行:
$ kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
deployment.apps/nginx created
$ kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
service/nginx exposed
$ kubectl get pod,svc
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/nginx-f89759699-zc6h8 1/1 Running 0 2m3s
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 82m
service/nginx NodePort 10.96.13.85 <none> 80:30329/TCP 9s
访问任一节点地址的30329端口:如
http://192.168.200.147:30329,出现如下图片所示则表示访问成功。
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