mybatis 使用auto mapping原理实现表间关联
Auto mapping的示例
数据库中有一个person表,结构如下:
mysql> desc person; +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | name | varchar(30) | NO | | NULL | | | age | int(2) | NO | | NULL | | | addr | varchar(30) | NO | | NULL | | +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
根据这个表,创建了一个实体类,Person类,属性内容如下,注意,此处的属性名和属性的数据类型都和person表中的字段名一一对应。
package lixin.gan.pojo; public class Person { private int id; private String name; private int age; private String addr; // 省略了构造方法,setter、getter、toString }
创建PersonMapper.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="lixin.gan.mapper.PersonMapper"> <select id="selectAllPerson" resultType="lixin.gan.pojo.Person" > select * from person </select> </mapper>
在调用lixin.gan.mapper.PersonMapper.selectAllPerson方法时,返回结果集中,每一条数据,都对应到一个Person类对象,应该将person表中字段值对应到Person对象的同名属性中,于是,我们在测试的时候,获得的结果就是这样的:
package lixin.gan.test; import java.io.InputStream; import java.util.List; import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder; import lixin.gan.pojo.Person; public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { InputStream config = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis.xml"); SqlSessionFactory factory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(config); SqlSession session = factory.openSession(); List<Person> list = session.selectList("lixin.gan.mapper.PersonMapper.selectAllPerson"); for (Person p : list) { System.out.println(p); } session.close(); } }
运行结果如下:
==> Preparing: select * from person ==> Parameters: <== Total: 4 Person [id=1, name=张三, age=30, addr=北京] Person [id=2, name=李四, age=40, addr=上海] Person [id=3, name=王五, age=20, addr=广州] Person [id=4, name=赵六, age=35, addr=深圳]
现在如果将Person类中的name属性更改为name1,age更改为age1,那么再次运行测试代码:
package lixin.gan.pojo; public class Person { private int id; private String name1; private int age1; private String addr; //省略了构造方法,setter、getter、toString public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName1() { return name1; } public void setName1(String name1) { this.name1 = name1; } public int getAge1() { return age1; } public void setAge1(int age1) { this.age1 = age1; } public String getAddr() { return addr; } public void setAddr(String addr) { this.addr = addr; } }
运行结果:
==> Preparing: select * from person ==> Parameters: <== Total: 4 Person [id=1, name1=null, age1=0, addr=北京] Person [id=2, name1=null, age1=0, addr=上海] Person [id=3, name1=null, age1=0, addr=广州] Person [id=4, name1=null, age1=0, addr=深圳]
可以看到,上面的name1属性和age1属性,并没有被赋值。
这里有一点很重要:mybatis在为对象属性赋值的时候,其实并不是将查出来的字段值,直接赋值给对象的同名属性,而是调用setter方法进行赋值。假设name属性会调用setName来将name字段值赋值给对象中与name字段对应的属性,这个属性可能是name,也可能是name1,上面这个Person中的name1,利用IDE生成的setter方法名称是setName1,可以调用setName1()对name1属性进行赋值,但是因为name字段没有找到对应的setName方法,所以对象中的name1属性就没有赋值。
示例:
package lixin.gan.pojo; public class Person { private int id; private String name1; private int age1; private String addr; //省略了构造方法,setter、getter、toString public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name1; } public void setName(String name1) { this.name1 = name1; } public int getAge() { return age1; } public void setAge(int age1) { this.age1 = age1; } }
注意上面的name1属性,使用setName()为name1进行赋值,使用setAge()为age1属性进行赋值。所以,运行测试的时候,输出的内容如下;
==> Preparing: select * from person ==> Parameters: <== Total: 4 Person [id=1, name1=张三, age1=30, addr=北京] Person [id=2, name1=李四, age1=40, addr=上海] Person [id=3, name1=王五, age1=20, addr=广州] Person [id=4, name1=赵六, age1=35, addr=深圳]
同样的,在mapper.xml中,如果传入的参数是一个对象,可以使用#{field}获取对象的field属性值,调用的是getter方法,而不是直接使用的属性值。
类间的包含的auto mapping
举个例子,有两个表,husband表和wife表。
表结构如下:
mysql> desc wife; +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | name | varchar(30) | NO | | NULL | | +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ mysql> desc husband; +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | name | varchar(30) | NO | | NULL | | | wid | int(11) | NO | | NULL | | +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
对应的Wife.java和Husband.java中是两个表中对应的实体类。
package lixin.gan.pojo; public class Wife { private int id; private String name; // 省略了构造方法,setter、getter、toString }
package lixin.gan.pojo; public class Husband { private int id; private String name; private int wid; //wife的id private Wife wife; //包含一个Wife对象 // 省略了构造方法,setter、getter、toStrin }
如果要查出husband表中的所有数据,并且联合wife表,查出wife信息。
现在看一下HusbandMapper.xml的内容:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="lixin.gan.mapper.HusbandMapper"> <select id="selectAll" resultType="lixin.gan.pojo.Husband" > select * from husband left join wife on husband.wid=wife.id </select> </mapper>
运行测试代码:
package lixin.gan.test; import java.io.InputStream; import java.util.List; import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder; import lixin.gan.pojo.Husband; public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { InputStream config = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis.xml"); SqlSessionFactory factory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(config); SqlSession session = factory.openSession(); List<Husband> list = session.selectList("lixin.gan.mapper.HusbandMapper.selectAll"); for (Husband p : list) { System.out.println(p); } session.close(); } }
输出内容如下(包含log4j日志):
==> Preparing: select * from husband left join wife on husband.wid=wife.id ==> Parameters: <== Total: 4 Husband [id=1, name=小黄, wid=2, wife=null] Husband [id=2, name=小凯, wid=4, wife=null] Husband [id=3, name=小亮, wid=1, wife=null] Husband [id=4, name=小辉, wid=3, wife=null]
上面的运行结果,很容易就发笑,wife属性(Wife类的对象)值为null,这是因为没有进行赋值,这是为什么呢?这个还得看一下我们的HusbandMapper.xml中写的那一条sql语句。
select * from husband left join wife on husband.wid=wife.id
上面这个查询之后,结果集中包含这么几个字段:
Database changed mysql> select * from husband left join wife on husband.wid=wife.id; +----+--------+-----+------+--------+ | id | name | wid | id | name | +----+--------+-----+------+--------+
可以从查询结果中,看到,重复的id和name字段,并且,后面的那个id和name字段本应该赋值给Husband类的wife属性,而wife属性本来就是一个对象。
使用别名来解决问题
在mysql中,select的字段后面使用as或者空格分隔,之后跟的一个名称就是该字段的别名,在返回的时候,返回别名即可。
上面的husband类中包含一个wife的对象属性,wife属性(对象)又包括id、name,所以,mybatis中的sql语句,使用别名时,使用wife.id和wife.name即可为wife属性赋值。
修改HusbandMapper.xml,内容修改为:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="lixin.gan.mapper.HusbandMapper"> <select id="selectAll" resultType="lixin.gan.pojo.Husband" > select husband.id `id`, husband.name `name`, husband.wid `wid`, wife.id `wife.id`, wife.name `wife.name` from husband left join wife on husband.wid=wife.id </select> </mapper>
运行测试:
==> Preparing: select husband.id `id`, husband.name `name`, husband.wid `wid`, wife.id `wife.id`, wife.name `wife.name` from husband left join wife on husband.wid=wife.id ==> Parameters: <== Total: 4 Husband [id=1, name=小黄, wid=2, wife=Wife [id=2, name=小红]] Husband [id=2, name=小凯, wid=4, wife=Wife [id=4, name=小云]] Husband [id=3, name=小亮, wid=1, wife=Wife [id=1, name=小花]] Husband [id=4, name=小辉, wid=3, wife=Wife [id=3, name=小娇]]
auto mapping不能解决的问题
仍旧使用上面的例子,auto-mapping就不能解决一夫多妻的问题,一个husband对象中,有一个属性是List,每一个List的元素是wife对象。
这个问题可以使用resultMap来解决问题。
可以参考:mybatis 使用resultMap实现表间关联