Linux_9/ RAID & LVM
| RAID10 | RAID5 | |
| 1 | ls -l /dev/sd* | ls -l /dev/sd* |
| 2 | mdadm -Cv /dev/md0 -a yes -n 4 -l 10 /dev/sd[b-e] | mdadm -Cv /dev/md0 -a yes -n 3 -l 5 -x 1 /dev/sd[b-e] |
| 3 | mdadm -D /dev/md0 | mdadm -D /dev/md0 |
| 4 | mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0 | mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0 |
| 5 | mount /dev/md0 /zhxu/Desktop/rd10/ | mount /dev/md0 /root/Desktop/rd5/ |
| 6 | vim /etc/fstab | vim /etc/fstab |
| 7 | df -h | df -h |
| 8 | mdadm -D /dev/md0 | mdadm -D /dev/md0 |
| 9 | mdadm /dev/md0 -f /dev/sde | |
| 10 | mdadm /dev/md0 -r /dev/sde | |
| 11 | mdadm -D /dev/md0 | |
| 12 | mdadm /dev/md0 -a /dev/sde | |
| 13 | mdadm -D /dev/md0 |
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raid 10
操作步骤：设置（mdadm, mkfs, mount），破坏（faulty，remove），修复（add）
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0，编辑虚拟机，添加4块大小为20G的硬盘
[root@localhost Desktop]# ls -l /dev/sd*
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 0 Nov 15 2018 /dev/sda
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 1 Nov 15 2018 /dev/sda1
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 2 Nov 15 2018 /dev/sda2
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 16 Nov 15 2018 /dev/sdb
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 32 Nov 15 2018 /dev/sdc
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 48 Nov 15 2018 /dev/sdd
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 64 Nov 15 2018 /dev/sde
[root@localhost Desktop]#
1, 设置raid
mdadm -Cv /dev/md0 -a yes -n 4 -l 10 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd /dev/sde
或者mdadm -Cv /dev/md0 -a yes -n 4 -l 10 /dev/sd[b-e]
mdadm: layout defaults to n2
mdadm: layout defaults to n2
mdadm: chunk size defaults to 512K
mdadm: size set to 20954624K
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
2，检查raid信息
[root@localhost Desktop]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Thu Nov 15 13:46:54 2018
Raid Level : raid10
Array Size : 41909248 (39.97 GiB 42.92 GB)
Used Dev Size : 20954624 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
Raid Devices : 4
Total Devices : 4
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Thu Nov 15 13:46:54 2018
State : clean, resyncing
Active Devices : 4
Working Devices : 4
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Layout : near=2
Chunk Size : 512K
Resync Status : 5% complete
Name : localhost.localdomain:0 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : debdbc4f:de8a7b45:2874151b:6d237059
Events : 0
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb
1 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc
2 8 48 2 active sync /dev/sdd
3 8 64 3 active sync /dev/sde
[root@localhost Desktop]#
3，或者查看简要信息
[root@localhost Desktop]# mdadm -Q /dev/md0
/dev/md0: 39.97GiB raid10 4 devices, 0 spares. Use mdadm --detail for more detail.
[root@localhost Desktop]#
4，格式化
[root@localhost Desktop]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks
2621440 inodes, 10477312 blocks
523865 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2157969408
320 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@localhost Desktop]#
5，临时+编辑fstab文件，使其永久生效
[root@localhost Desktop]# mkdir rd10
[root@localhost Desktop]# ll rd10/
total 16
drwx------. 2 root root 16384 Nov 15 13:52 lost+found
[root@localhost Desktop]# mount /dev/md0 /zhxu/Desktop/rd10/
[root@localhost Desktop]# vim /etc/fstab
添加行：
/dev/md0 /home/zhxu/Desktop/rd10 ext4 defaults 0 0
6，重启查看自动挂载信息
[root@localhost Desktop]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 18G 2.9G 15G 17% /
devtmpfs 985M 0 985M 0% /dev
tmpfs 994M 84K 994M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 994M 8.9M 986M 1% /run
tmpfs 994M 0 994M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/md0 40G 49M 38G 1% /home/zhxu/Desktop/rd10
/dev/sda1 497M 119M 379M 24% /boot
/dev/sr0 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /run/media/root/RHEL-7.0 Server.x86_64
[root@localhost Desktop]#
假如某块硬盘坏掉（用人为去掉来模拟）
7，查看
[root@localhost Desktop]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Thu Nov 15 13:46:54 2018
Raid Level : raid10
Array Size : 41909248 (39.97 GiB 42.92 GB)
Used Dev Size : 20954624 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
Raid Devices : 4
Total Devices : 4
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Thu Nov 15 14:03:40 2018
State : clean, degraded
Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 3
Failed Devices : 1
Spare Devices : 0
Layout : near=2
Chunk Size : 512K
Name : localhost.localdomain:0 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : debdbc4f:de8a7b45:2874151b:6d237059
Events : 27
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb
1 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc
2 8 48 2 active sync /dev/sdd
3 0 0 3 removed
3 8 64 - faulty /dev/sde
8，失败
[root@localhost Desktop]# mdadm /dev/md0 -f /dev/sde
mdadm: set /dev/sde faulty in /dev/md0
9，移除
[root@localhost Desktop]# mdadm -r /dev/md0 /dev/sde
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sde from /dev/md0
10，查看移除情况
[root@localhost Desktop]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Thu Nov 15 13:46:54 2018
Raid Level : raid10
Array Size : 41909248 (39.97 GiB 42.92 GB)
Used Dev Size : 20954624 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
Raid Devices : 4
Total Devices : 3
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Thu Nov 15 14:08:56 2018
State : clean, degraded
Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 3
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Layout : near=2
Chunk Size : 512K
Name : localhost.localdomain:0 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : debdbc4f:de8a7b45:2874151b:6d237059
Events : 30
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb
1 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc
2 8 48 2 active sync /dev/sdd
3 0 0 3 removed
[root@localhost Desktop]#
此时修复好硬盘（人为添加来模拟）
11，
[root@localhost Desktop]# ls /dev/sd*
/dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd /dev/sde
12，添加回去，并重新查看
[root@localhost Desktop]# mdadm /dev/md0 -a /dev/sde
mdadm: added /dev/sde
[root@localhost Desktop]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Thu Nov 15 13:46:54 2018
Raid Level : raid10
Array Size : 41909248 (39.97 GiB 42.92 GB)
Used Dev Size : 20954624 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
Raid Devices : 4
Total Devices : 4
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Thu Nov 15 14:12:17 2018
State : clean, degraded, recovering
Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 4
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 1
Layout : near=2
Chunk Size : 512K
Rebuild Status : 18% complete
Name : localhost.localdomain:0 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : debdbc4f:de8a7b45:2874151b:6d237059
Events : 36
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb
1 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc
2 8 48 2 active sync /dev/sdd
4 8 64 3 spare rebuilding /dev/sde
[root@localhost Desktop]#
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radi 5 + 备份盘
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0，在虚拟机设置中添加4块新硬盘，大小20G，3块做raid5，一块备份。
[root@localhost Desktop]# ls -l /dev/sd*
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 0 Nov 15 2018 /dev/sda
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 1 Nov 15 2018 /dev/sda1
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 2 Nov 15 2018 /dev/sda2
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 16 Nov 15 2018 /dev/sdb
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 32 Nov 15 2018 /dev/sdc
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 48 Nov 15 2018 /dev/sdd
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 64 Nov 15 2018 /dev/sde
[root@localhost Desktop]#
1， raid 5
[root@localhost Desktop]# mdadm -Cv /dev/md0 -a yes -n 3 -l 5 -x 1 /dev/sd[b-e]
mdadm: layout defaults to left-symmetric
mdadm: layout defaults to left-symmetric
mdadm: chunk size defaults to 512K
mdadm: size set to 20954624K
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
[root@localhost Desktop]#
2,
2.1，或者简要信息查看
[root@localhost Desktop]# mdadm -Q /dev/md0
/dev/md0: 39.97GiB raid5 3 devices, 1 spare. Use mdadm --detail for more detail.
[root@localhost Desktop]#
2.2，或者查看详细信息
[root@localhost Desktop]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Wed Nov 14 22:15:38 2018
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 41909248 (39.97 GiB 42.92 GB)
Used Dev Size : 20954624 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
Raid Devices : 3
Total Devices : 4
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Wed Nov 14 22:17:32 2018
State : clean
Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 4
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 1
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Name : localhost.localdomain:0 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : e69bb0ac:aaa28a5c:5ad94b81:5e62cf3f
Events : 18
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb
1 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc
4 8 48 2 active sync /dev/sdd
3 8 64 - spare /dev/sde
[root@localhost Desktop]#
3，格式化
[root@localhost Desktop]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks
2621440 inodes, 10477312 blocks
523865 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2157969408
320 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@localhost Desktop]#
4，挂载
4.1， 临时+永久挂载
[root@localhost Desktop]# mkdir rd5
[root@localhost Desktop]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 18G 2.9G 15G 17% /
devtmpfs 985M 0 985M 0% /dev
tmpfs 994M 140K 994M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 994M 8.9M 986M 1% /run
tmpfs 994M 0 994M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 119M 379M 24% /boot
[root@localhost Desktop]# mount /dev/md0 /root/Desktop/rd5/
[root@localhost Desktop]# vim /etc/fstab
添加行：
/dev/md0 /root/Desktop/rd5 ext4 defaults 0 0
4.2，重启并查看是否挂载成功
[root@localhost Desktop]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 18G 2.9G 15G 17% /
devtmpfs 985M 0 985M 0% /dev
tmpfs 994M 140K 994M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 994M 8.9M 986M 1% /run
tmpfs 994M 0 994M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 119M 379M 24% /boot
/dev/md0 40G 49M 38G 1% /root/Desktop/rd5
5，cp一些测试文件到挂载的/home/zhxu/disk路径（此处省略），并尝试破坏（从虚拟机设置中移除一个硬盘），检查md信息
[root@localhost disk]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Wed Nov 14 22:15:38 2018
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 41909248 (39.97 GiB 42.92 GB)
Used Dev Size : 20954624 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
Raid Devices : 3
Total Devices : 4
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Wed Nov 14 22:30:11 2018
State : clean, degraded, recovering
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 3
Failed Devices : 1
Spare Devices : 1
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Rebuild Status : 78% complete
Name : localhost.localdomain:0 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : e69bb0ac:aaa28a5c:5ad94b81:5e62cf3f
Events : 36
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb
1 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc
3 8 64 2 spare rebuilding /dev/sde #备用盘开始顶替被破坏的硬盘
4 8 48 - faulty /dev/sdd
[root@localhost disk]#
[root@localhost disk]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Wed Nov 14 22:15:38 2018
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 41909248 (39.97 GiB 42.92 GB)
Used Dev Size : 20954624 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
Raid Devices : 3
Total Devices : 4
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Wed Nov 14 22:30:38 2018
State : clean
Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 3
Failed Devices : 1
Spare Devices : 0
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Name : localhost.localdomain:0 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : e69bb0ac:aaa28a5c:5ad94b81:5e62cf3f
Events : 43
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb
1 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc
3 8 64 2 active sync /dev/sde #顶替并同步完毕
4 8 48 - faulty /dev/sdd
[root@localhost disk]#
6，检查原来disk中数据是否丢失：NO
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LVM逻辑卷管理
| 新建 | 扩大 | 缩小 | 快照卷 | |
| 1 | ls /dev/sd* | umount lv_dir/ | umount lv_dir/ | lvcreate -L 300M -s -n SNAP /dev/juanzu/luojj |
| 2 | pvcreate /dev/sdb /dev/sdc | df -h |
df -h | umount /home/zhxu/disk/ |
| 3 | vgcreate storage /dev/sd[b,c] | lvextend -L 290M /dev/storage/vo | e2fsck -f /dev/storage/vo | lvconvert --merge /dev/juanzu/SNAP |
| 4 | vgdisplay | e2fsck -f /dev/storage/vo | resize2fs /dev/storage/vo 200M | mount /dev/juanzu/luojj /home/zhxu/disk/ |
| 5 | lvcreate -n vo -l 37 storage | resize2fs /dev/storage/vo | lvreduce /dev/storage/vo -L 200M | |
| 6 | lvdisplay | mount -a | mount -a | |
| 7 | mkfs.ext4 /dev/storage/vo | df -h | df -h | |
| 8 | mkdir lv_dir | |||
| 9 | mount /dev/storage/vo lv_dir/ | 若格式为xfs，而不是ext4： | ||
| 10 | vim /etc/fstab | mount /dev/linuxprobe/vo /root/lv_dir |
||
| 11 | mount -a | xfs_growfs /dev/linuxprobe/vo | ||
| 12 | dh -f |
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1，新加硬盘（省略）后，使新硬盘支持LVM
[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /dev/sd*
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 0 Nov 15 2018 /dev/sda
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 1 Nov 15 2018 /dev/sda1
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 2 Nov 15 2018 /dev/sda2
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 16 Nov 15 2018 /dev/sdb
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 32 Nov 15 2018 /dev/sdc
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb /dev/sdc
Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created
Physical volume "/dev/sdc" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]#
2，合并卷组vg
[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate juanzu /dev/sdb /dev/sdc
Volume group "juanzu" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]#
3，查看卷组信息
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay juanzu
--- Volume group ---
VG Name juanzu
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 39.99 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 10238
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 10238 / 39.99 GiB #两个硬盘size之和
VG UUID BxUbV1-EqP3-JtDU-W0Kt-xMHd-grYz-ry9Tvb
4，生成逻辑卷
[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -n luojj -l 100 juanzu #逻辑卷名称luojj，大小100X4M，从卷组juanzu中提取
Logical volume "luojj" created
[root@localhost ~]#
5，查看逻辑卷大小
[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/juanzu/luojj
LV Name luojj
VG Name juanzu
LV UUID 6YAeLn-BXDv-KjCU-EwJ9-Ulxq-Et5e-1NnQXs
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2018-11-14 23:29:09 +0800
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 400.00 MiB #逻辑卷大小，一个PE=4MB，l=100
Current LE 100
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:2
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/rhel/swap
LV Name swap
VG Name rhel
LV UUID KA7zrA-KKgi-asMx-Q8cD-qNrw-wdqK-P0T91g
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2018-11-02 17:20:14 +0800
LV Status available
# open 2
LV Size 2.00 GiB
Current LE 512
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:1
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/rhel/root
LV Name root
VG Name rhel
LV UUID M3nmdd-LtNH-MJj4-j8lA-p1nS-c8R8-S7hCle
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2018-11-02 17:20:15 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 17.51 GiB
Current LE 4482
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
6，格式化
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/juanzu/luojj
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
102400 inodes, 409600 blocks
20480 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=34078720
50 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@localhost ~]#
7，临时+永久挂载，并重启查看
[root@localhost zhxu]# mount /dev/juanzu/luojj disk/
[root@localhost zhxu]# vim /etc/fstab
添加行：
/dev/juanzu/luojj /home/root/Desktop/lvm_dir ext4 defaults 0 0
重启查看：
[root@localhost zhxu]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 18G 2.9G 15G 17% /
devtmpfs 985M 0 985M 0% /dev
tmpfs 994M 148K 994M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 994M 8.9M 986M 1% /run
tmpfs 994M 0 994M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 119M 379M 24% /boot
/dev/sr0 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /run/media/zhxu/RHEL-7.0 Server.x86_64
/dev/mapper/juanzu-luojj 380M 2.3M 354M 1% /home/zhxu/disk
[root@localhost zhxu]#
8，扩大或缩小
8.1 扩大
8.1.1 卸载
[root@localhost zhxu]# umount disk/
8.1.2 扩容
[root@localhost zhxu]# lvextend -L 800M /dev/juanzu/luojj
Extending logical volume luojj to 800.00 MiB
Logical volume luojj successfully resized
[root@localhost zhxu]#
8.1.3 检查系统文件是否完整
[root@localhost zhxu]# e2fsck -f /dev/juanzu/luojj
e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/juanzu/luojj: 11/102400 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 23456/409600 blocks
[root@localhost zhxu]#
8.1.4 通知文件系统变更大小
[root@localhost zhxu]# resize2fs /dev/juanzu/luojj
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/juanzu/luojj to 819200 (1k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/juanzu/luojj is now 819200 blocks long.
[root@localhost zhxu]#
8.1.5 再次挂载，并查看扩容信息
[root@localhost zhxu]# mount /dev/juanzu/luojj disk/
[root@localhost zhxu]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 18G 2.9G 15G 17% /
devtmpfs 985M 0 985M 0% /dev
tmpfs 994M 148K 994M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 994M 8.9M 986M 1% /run
tmpfs 994M 0 994M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 119M 379M 24% /boot
/dev/sr0 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /run/media/zhxu/RHEL-7.0 Server.x86_64
/dev/mapper/juanzu-luojj 767M 2.5M 721M 1% /home/zhxu/disk
[root@localhost zhxu]#
8.2 减小
8.2.1 卸载
[root@localhost zhxu]#
[root@localhost zhxu]# umount disk/
8.2.2 检查是否可以减小
[root@localhost zhxu]# e2fsck -f /dev/juanzu/luojj
e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/juanzu/luojj: 11/204800 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 36617/819200 blocks
[root@localhost zhxu]#
8.2.3 通知系统要减小
[root@localhost zhxu]# resize2fs /dev/juanzu/luojj 3000M
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
The containing partition (or device) is only 819200 (1k) blocks.
You requested a new size of 3072000 blocks. #减小3000M太多，不允许
[root@localhost zhxu]#
[root@localhost zhxu]# resize2fs /dev/juanzu/luojj 300M
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/juanzu/luojj to 307200 (1k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/juanzu/luojj is now 307200 blocks long. #减小300M，可以
[root@localhost zhxu]#
8.2.4 减小300M
[root@localhost zhxu]# lvreduce -L 300M /dev/juanzu/luojj
WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 300.00 MiB
THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce luojj? [y/n]: y
Reducing logical volume luojj to 300.00 MiB
Logical volume luojj successfully resized
[root@localhost zhxu]#
8.2.5 挂载并查看
[root@localhost zhxu]# mount /dev/juanzu/luojj disk/
[root@localhost zhxu]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 18G 2.9G 15G 17% /
devtmpfs 985M 0 985M 0% /dev
tmpfs 994M 148K 994M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 994M 9.0M 986M 1% /run
tmpfs 994M 0 994M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 119M 379M 24% /boot
/dev/sr0 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /run/media/zhxu/RHEL-7.0 Server.x86_64
/dev/mapper/juanzu-luojj 283M 2.1M 262M 1% /home/zhxu/disk
8.3 快照卷
快照卷前后相等
快照卷：一次性
8.3.1 创建快照卷
[root@localhost disk]# lvcreate -L 300M -s -n SNAP /dev/juanzu/luojj
Logical volume "SNAP" created
[root@localhost disk]#
8.3.2 清空原目录的文件
[root@localhost disk]# ls
aliases dnsmasq.conf gshadow ld.so.cache my.cnf radvd.conf sudoers
aliases.db dracut.conf gshadow- ld.so.conf nanorc rc.local sudo-ldap.conf
anacrontab drirc hba.conf libaudit.conf netconfig redhat-release sysctl.conf
asound.conf e2fsck.conf host.conf libuser.conf networks request-key.conf system-release
at.deny enscript.cfg hostname locale.conf nfsmount.conf resolv.conf system-release-cpe
bashrc environment hosts localtime nsswitch.conf rpc trusted-key.key
brltty.conf ethertypes hosts.allow login.defs nsswitch.conf.bak rsyncd.conf updatedb.conf
chrony.conf exports hosts.deny logrotate.conf numad.conf rsyslog.conf usb_modeswitch.conf
chrony.keys favicon.png idmapd.conf lost+found oddjobd.conf rwtab vconsole.conf
colord.conf filesystems inittab machine-id os-release securetty vimrc
cron.deny fprintd.conf inputrc magic passwd services virc
crontab fstab ipsec.conf mail.rc passwd- sestatus.conf wgetrc
crypttab fuse.conf ipsec.secrets makedumpfile.conf.sample pbm2ppa.conf shadow wvdial.conf
csh.cshrc gdbinit issue man_db.conf pinforc shadow- yum.conf
csh.login GREP_COLORS issue.net mke2fs.conf pnm2ppa.conf shells
DIR_COLORS group kdump.conf motd printcap sos.conf
DIR_COLORS.256color group- krb5.conf mtab profile statetab
DIR_COLORS.lightbgcolor grub2.cfg ksmtuned.conf mtools.conf protocols sudo.conf
[root@localhost disk]# rm -rf *
[root@localhost disk]# ls
[root@localhost disk]#
8.3.3 恢复快照卷
[root@localhost disk]# ls -l /dev/juanzu/
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Nov 15 00:15 luojj -> ../dm-2
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Nov 15 00:15 SNAP -> ../dm-3
[root@localhost disk]# cd ~
[root@localhost ~]# umount /home/zhxu/disk/
[root@localhost ~]# lvconvert --merge /dev/juanzu/SNAP
Merging of volume SNAP started.
luojj: Merged: 100.0%
Merge of snapshot into logical volume luojj has finished.
Logical volume "SNAP" successfully removed #快照卷，一次性
[root@localhost ~]#
8.3.4 挂载并检查挂载情况，及恢复快照情况
[root@localhost ~]# cd /home/zhxu/disk/
[root@localhost disk]# ls
[root@localhost disk]#
[root@localhost disk]# mount /dev/juanzu/luojj /home/zhxu/disk/
[root@localhost disk]#
[root@localhost disk]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 18G 2.9G 15G 17% /
devtmpfs 985M 0 985M 0% /dev
tmpfs 994M 148K 994M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 994M 9.0M 986M 1% /run
tmpfs 994M 0 994M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 119M 379M 24% /boot
/dev/sr0 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /run/media/zhxu/RHEL-7.0 Server.x86_64
/dev/mapper/juanzu-luojj 283M 3.0M 261M 2% /home/zhxu/disk
[root@localhost disk]# ls /home/zhxu/disk/
adjtime drirc hosts lost+found passwd- shells
aliases e2fsck.conf hosts.allow machine-id pbm2ppa.conf sos.conf
aliases.db enscript.cfg hosts.deny magic pinforc statetab
anacrontab environment idmapd.conf mail.rc pnm2ppa.conf sudo.conf
asound.conf ethertypes inittab makedumpfile.conf.sample printcap sudoers
at.deny exports inputrc man_db.conf profile sudo-ldap.conf
bashrc favicon.png ipsec.conf mke2fs.conf protocols sysctl.conf
brltty.conf filesystems ipsec.secrets motd radvd.conf system-release
chrony.conf fprintd.conf issue mtab rc.local system-release-cpe
chrony.keys fstab issue.net mtools.conf redhat-release trusted-key.key
colord.conf fuse.conf kdump.conf my.cnf request-key.conf updatedb.conf
cron.deny gdbinit krb5.conf nanorc resolv.conf usb_modeswitch.conf
crontab GREP_COLORS ksmtuned.conf netconfig rpc vconsole.conf
crypttab group ld.so.cache networks rsyncd.conf vimrc
csh.cshrc group- ld.so.conf nfsmount.conf rsyslog.conf virc
csh.login grub2.cfg libaudit.conf nsswitch.conf rwtab wgetrc
DIR_COLORS gshadow libuser.conf nsswitch.conf.bak securetty wvdial.conf
DIR_COLORS.256color gshadow- locale.conf numad.conf services yum.conf
DIR_COLORS.lightbgcolor hba.conf localtime oddjobd.conf sestatus.conf
dnsmasq.conf host.conf login.defs os-release shadow
dracut.conf hostname logrotate.conf passwd shadow-
[root@localhost disk]#
8.4 LVM 删除
8.4.1 编辑fstab，删除添加的挂载信息
8.4.2 卸载
umount /home/zhxu/disk
8.4.3 lvremove /dev/juanzu/luojj
8.4.4 vgremove juanzu
8.4.5 pvremove /dev/sdb; pvremove /dev/sdc
