设计模式之笔记--解释器模式(Interpreter)

解释器模式(Interpreter)

定义

      解释器模式(Interpreter),给定一个语言,定义它的文法的一种表示,并定义一个解释器,这个解释器使用该表示来解释语言中的句子。

类图

描述

Expression:抽象表达式,声明一个所有的具体表达式都需要实现的抽象接口;这个接口主要是一个interpret()方法,称做解释操作。

Terminal Expression:终结符表达式,实现了抽象表达式所要求的接口;文法中的每一个终结符都有一个具体终结表达式与之相对应。比如公式R=R1+R2,R1和R2就是终结符,对应的解析R1和R2的解释器就是终结符表达式。

Nonterminal Expression:非终结符表达式,文法中的每一条规则都需要一个具体的非终结符表达式,非终结符表达式一般是文法中的运算符或者其他关键字,比如公式R=R1+R2中,“+"就是非终结符,解析“+”的解释器就是一个非终结符表达式。

Context:环境,它的任务一般是用来存放文法中各个终结符所对应的具体值,比如R=R1+R2,给R1赋值100,给R2赋值200,这些信息需要存放到环境中。

应用场景

首先输入一个加减或乘除的运算公式,比如a+b-c+a或a*b/c*a,再给每个参数赋值,最后根据公式完成运算并得到结果。

 

    /// <summary>
    /// 环境
    /// </summary>
    public class Context
    {
        private Dictionary<char, double> variable;
        public Dictionary<char, double> Variable 
        {
            get
            {
                if (this.variable == null)
                {
                    this.variable = new Dictionary<char, double>();
                }
                return this.variable;
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 抽象表达式
    /// </summary>
    public abstract class Expression
    {
        public abstract double Interpret(Context context);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 变量,终结符表达式
    /// </summary>
    public class VariableExpression : Expression
    {
        private char key;
        public VariableExpression(char key)
        {
            this.key = key;
        }

        public override double Interpret(Context context)
        {
            return context.Variable[this.key];
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 操作符,非终结符表达式
    /// </summary>
    public abstract class OperatorExpression : Expression
    {
        protected Expression left;
        protected Expression right;

        public OperatorExpression(Expression left, Expression right)
        {
            this.left = left;
            this.right = right;
        }
    }

    public class AddExpression : OperatorExpression
    {
        public AddExpression(Expression left, Expression right)
            : base(left, right)
        { 
        
        }

        public override double Interpret(Context context)
        {
            return this.left.Interpret(context) + this.right.Interpret(context);
        }
    }

    public class SubExpression : OperatorExpression
    {
        public SubExpression(Expression left, Expression right)
            : base(left, right)
        {

        }

        public override double Interpret(Context context)
        {
            return this.left.Interpret(context) - this.right.Interpret(context);
        }
    }

    public class MulExpression: OperatorExpression
    {
        public MulExpression(Expression left, Expression right)
            : base(left, right)
        { 
        
        }

        public override double Interpret(Context context)
        {
            return this.left.Interpret(context) * this.right.Interpret(context);
        }
    }

    public class DivExpression: OperatorExpression
    {
        public DivExpression(Expression left, Expression right)
            : base(left, right)
        { 
        
        }

        public override double Interpret(Context context)
        {
            return this.left.Interpret(context) / this.right.Interpret(context);
        }
    }

    public class Calculator
    {
        private string expression;
        private Context context;

        public Calculator(string expression)
        {
            this.expression = expression;
            this.context = new Context();
        }

        public double Calculate()
        {
            char[] vars = this.expression.ToCharArray();
            foreach (char c in vars)
            {
                if (c == '+' || c == '-' || c == '*' || c == '/')
                {
                    continue;
                }
                if (!this.context.Variable.ContainsKey(c))
                {
                    Console.Write(c + "=");
                    this.context.Variable.Add(c, double.Parse(Console.ReadLine()));
                }
            }
            Expression left = new VariableExpression(vars[0]);
            Expression right = null;
            Stack<Expression> stack = new Stack<Expression>();
            stack.Push(left);
            for (int i = 1; i < vars.Length; i += 2)
            {
                left = stack.Pop();
                right = new VariableExpression(vars[i + 1]);
                switch (vars[i])
                {
                    case '+':
                        stack.Push(new AddExpression(left, right));
                        break;
                    case '-':
                        stack.Push(new SubExpression(left, right));
                        break;
                    case '*':
                        stack.Push(new MulExpression(left, right));
                        break;
                    case '/':
                        stack.Push(new DivExpression(left, right));
                        break;
                }
            }
            double value = stack.Pop().Interpret(this.context);
            stack.Clear();
            return value;
        }
    }

输入公式:a+b-c+a

赋值:

a=10
b=5
c=3

运算结果:22

posted @ 2016-05-06 09:41  sunny906  阅读(7292)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报