iOS 的三种自建证书方法https请求相关配置
如果你的app服务端安装的是SLL颁发的CA，可以使用系统方法直接实现信任SSL证书，关于Apple对SSL证书的要求请参考：苹果官方文档CertKeyTrustProgGuide
这种方式不需要在Bundle中引入CA文件，可以交给系统去判断服务器端的证书是不是SSL证书，验证过程也不需要我们去具体实现。
第1种
#import "ViewController.h"
#import "HttpManager.h"
@interface ViewController ()<NSURLSessionDataDelegate>
@property(nonatomic,copy)NSString *etag;
@end
@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
UIButton *btn = [[UIButton alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100, 100, 200, 100)];
[btn setTitle:@"AFNetworking" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[btn setBackgroundColor:[UIColor redColor]];
[btn addTarget:self action:@selector(btnClicked) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
[self.view addSubview:btn];
UIButton *sessionBtn = [[UIButton alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100, 300, 200, 100)];
[sessionBtn setTitle:@"NSUrlSession" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[sessionBtn setBackgroundColor:[UIColor redColor]];
[sessionBtn addTarget:self action:@selector(sessionBtnClicked) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
[self.view addSubview:sessionBtn];
}
- (void)btnClicked {
NSString *urlString = @"https://10.20.129.25:8443/dreamVideo/restful/show";
HttpManager *httpManager = [HttpManager shareHttpManager];
[httpManager post:urlString withParameters:nil success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, id responseObject) {
NSLog(@"success");
} failure:^(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, NSError *error) {
NSLog(@"failure");
}];
}
- (void)sessionBtnClicked {
NSString *urlString = @"https://10.20.129.25:8443/dreamVideo/restful/show";
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:urlString];
NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url cachePolicy:NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringCacheData timeoutInterval:10.0f];
NSURLSession *session = [NSURLSession sessionWithConfiguration:[NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration] delegate:self delegateQueue:[NSOperationQueue mainQueue]];
NSURLSessionDataTask *task = [session dataTaskWithRequest:request];
[task resume];
}
- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session dataTask:(NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTask
didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response
completionHandler:(void (^)(NSURLSessionResponseDisposition disposition))completionHandler {
NSLog(@"接收到服务器响应");
//注意：这里需要使用completionHandler回调告诉系统应该如何处理服务器返回的数据
//默认是取消
/**
NSURLSessionResponseCancel = 0, 默认的处理方式，取消
NSURLSessionResponseAllow = 1, 接收服务器返回的数据
NSURLSessionResponseBecomeDownload = 2, 变成一个下载请求
NSURLSessionResponseBecomeStream 变成一个流
*/
completionHandler(NSURLSessionResponseAllow);
}
- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session dataTask:(NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTask
didReceiveData:(NSData *)data {
NSLog(@"获取到服务段数据");
NSLog(@"%@",[self jsonToDictionary:data]);
}
- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session task:(NSURLSessionTask *)task
didCompleteWithError:(nullable NSError *)error {
NSLog(@"请求完成");
}
- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session didReceiveChallenge:(NSURLAuthenticationChallenge *)challenge
completionHandler:(void (^)(NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition disposition, NSURLCredential * _Nullable credential))completionHandler {
NSLog(@"证书认证");
if ([[[challenge protectionSpace] authenticationMethod] isEqualToString: NSURLAuthenticationMethodServerTrust]) {
do
{
SecTrustRef serverTrust = [[challenge protectionSpace] serverTrust];
NSCAssert(serverTrust != nil, @"serverTrust is nil");
if(nil == serverTrust)
break; /* failed */
/**
* 导入多张CA证书（Certification Authority，支持SSL证书以及自签名的CA），请替换掉你的证书名称
*/
NSString *cerPath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"ca" ofType:@"cer"];//自签名证书
NSData* caCert = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:cerPath];
NSCAssert(caCert != nil, @"caCert is nil");
if(nil == caCert)
break; /* failed */
SecCertificateRef caRef = SecCertificateCreateWithData(NULL, (__bridge CFDataRef)caCert);
NSCAssert(caRef != nil, @"caRef is nil");
if(nil == caRef)
break; /* failed */
//可以添加多张证书
NSArray *caArray = @[(__bridge id)(caRef)];
NSCAssert(caArray != nil, @"caArray is nil");
if(nil == caArray)
break; /* failed */
//将读取的证书设置为服务端帧数的根证书
OSStatus status = SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates(serverTrust, (__bridge CFArrayRef)caArray);
NSCAssert(errSecSuccess == status, @"SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates failed");
if(!(errSecSuccess == status))
break; /* failed */
SecTrustResultType result = -1;
//通过本地导入的证书来验证服务器的证书是否可信
status = SecTrustEvaluate(serverTrust, &result);
if(!(errSecSuccess == status))
break; /* failed */
NSLog(@"stutas:%d",(int)status);
NSLog(@"Result: %d", result);
BOOL allowConnect = (result == kSecTrustResultUnspecified) || (result == kSecTrustResultProceed);
if (allowConnect) {
NSLog(@"success");
}else {
NSLog(@"error");
}
/* kSecTrustResultUnspecified and kSecTrustResultProceed are success */
if(! allowConnect)
{
break; /* failed */
}
#if 0
/* Treat kSecTrustResultConfirm and kSecTrustResultRecoverableTrustFailure as success */
/* since the user will likely tap-through to see the dancing bunnies */
if(result == kSecTrustResultDeny || result == kSecTrustResultFatalTrustFailure || result == kSecTrustResultOtherError)
break; /* failed to trust cert (good in this case) */
#endif
// The only good exit point
NSLog(@"信任该证书");
NSURLCredential *credential = [NSURLCredential credentialForTrust:challenge.protectionSpace.serverTrust];
completionHandler(NSURLSessionAuthChallengeUseCredential,credential);
return [[challenge sender] useCredential: credential
forAuthenticationChallenge: challenge];
}
while(0);
}
// Bad dog
NSURLCredential *credential = [NSURLCredential credentialForTrust:challenge.protectionSpace.serverTrust];
completionHandler(NSURLSessionAuthChallengeCancelAuthenticationChallenge,credential);
return [[challenge sender] cancelAuthenticationChallenge: challenge];
}
注：调用SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates设置可信任证书列表后就只会在设置的列表中进行验证，会屏蔽掉系统原本的信任列表，要使系统的继续起作用只要调用SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates方法，第二个参数设置成NO即可。
AFNetworking中应该是这句(个人见解望指正)
SecTrustSetAnchorCertificatesOnly(serverTrust,NO);
第2种
#import "HttpManager.h"
#import "AFHTTPSessionManager.h"
@interface HttpManager()
@property(nonatomic,retain)AFHTTPSessionManager *manager;
@end
@implementation HttpManager
+(instancetype)shareHttpManager{
static dispatch_once_t onece = 0;
static HttpManager *httpManager = nil;
dispatch_once(&onece, ^(void){
httpManager = [[self alloc]init];
});
return httpManager;
}
//https访问
-(void)post:(NSString *)url withParameters:(id)parameters success:(void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nonnull task, id _Nullable responseObject))success failure:(void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError * _Nonnull error))failure {
FSecurityPolicy分三种验证模式：
1、AFSSLPinningModeNone：只验证证书是否在新人列表中
2、AFSSLPinningModeCertificate：验证证书是否在信任列表中，然后再对比服务端证书和客户端证书是否一致
3、 AFSSLPinningModePublicKey：只验证服务端与客户端证书的公钥是否一致
这里我们选第二种模式，并且对AFSecurityPolicy的allowInvalidCertificates和 validatesDomainName进行设置。
AFSecurityPolicy *securityPolicy = [AFSecurityPolicy policyWithPinningMode:AFSSLPinningModeCertificate];
// securityPolicy = [AFSecurityPolicy defaultPolicy];
//allowInvalidCertificates 是否允许无效证书（也就是自建的证书），默认为NO//如果是需要验证自建证书，需要设置为YESsecurityPolicy.allowInvalidCertificates = YES;
//validatesDomainName 是否需要验证域名，默认为YES；//假如证书的域名与你请求的域名不一致，需把该项设置为NO//主要用于这种情况：客户端请求的是子域名，而证书上的是另外一个域名。因为SSL证书上的域名是独立的，假如证书上注册的域名是www.google.com，那么mail.google.com是无法验证通过的；当然，有钱可以注册通配符的域名*.google.com，但这个还是比较贵的。securityPolicy.validatesDomainName = NO;
//validatesCertificateChain 是否验证整个证书链，默认为YES//设置为YES，会将服务器返回的Trust Object上的证书链与本地导入的证书进行对比，这就意味着，假如你的证书链是这样的：//GeoTrust Global CA // Google Internet Authority G2// *.google.com//那么，除了导入*.google.com之外，还需要导入证书链上所有的CA证书（GeoTrust Global CA, Google Internet Authority G2）；//如是自建证书的时候，可以设置为YES，增强安全性；假如是信任的CA所签发的证书，则建议关闭该验证； securityPolicy.validatesCertificateChain = NO;
_manager = [AFHTTPSessionManager manager];
_manager.responseSerializer = [AFHTTPResponseSerializer serializer];
_manager.securityPolicy = securityPolicy;
//设置超时时间
[_manager.requestSerializer willChangeValueForKey:@"timeoutinterval"];
_manager.requestSerializer.timeoutInterval = 20.f;
[_manager.requestSerializer didChangeValueForKey:@"timeoutinterval"];
_manager.requestSerializer.cachePolicy = NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringCacheData;
// if (_etag) {
// [_manager.requestSerializer setValue:_etag forHTTPHeaderField:@"If-None-Match"];
// } else {
// [_manager.requestSerializer setValue:@"bb" forHTTPHeaderField:@"If-None-Match"];
// }
_manager.responseSerializer.acceptableContentTypes = [NSSet setWithObjects:@"application/xml",@"text/xml",@"text/plain",@"application/json",nil];
__weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
[_manager setSessionDidReceiveAuthenticationChallengeBlock:^NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition(NSURLSession *session, NSURLAuthenticationChallenge *challenge, NSURLCredential *__autoreleasing *_credential) {
SecTrustRef serverTrust = [[challenge protectionSpace] serverTrust];
/**
* 导入多张CA证书（Certification Authority，支持SSL证书以及自签名的CA），请替换掉你的证书名称
*/
NSString *cerPath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"ca" ofType:@"cer"];//自签名证书
NSData* caCert = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:cerPath];
NSArray *cerArray = @[caCert];
weakSelf.manager.securityPolicy.pinnedCertificates = cerArray;
SecCertificateRef caRef = SecCertificateCreateWithData(NULL, (__bridge CFDataRef)caCert);
NSCAssert(caRef != nil, @"caRef is nil");
NSArray *caArray = @[(__bridge id)(caRef)];
NSCAssert(caArray != nil, @"caArray is nil");
OSStatus status = SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates(serverTrust, (__bridge CFArrayRef)caArray);
SecTrustSetAnchorCertificatesOnly(serverTrust,NO);
NSCAssert(errSecSuccess == status, @"SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates failed");
//选择质询认证的处理方式NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition disposition = NSURLSessionAuthChallengePerformDefaultHandling;
__autoreleasing NSURLCredential *credential = nil;
//NSURLAuthenticationMethodServerTrust质询认证方式if ([challenge.protectionSpace.authenticationMethod isEqualToString:NSURLAuthenticationMethodServerTrust]) {
//基于客户端的安全策略来决定是否信任该服务器，不信任则不响应质询 。if ([weakSelf.manager.securityPolicy evaluateServerTrust:challenge.protectionSpace.serverTrust forDomain:challenge.protectionSpace.host]) {
//创建质询证书credential = [NSURLCredential credentialForTrust:challenge.protectionSpace.serverTrust];
//确认质询方式if (credential) {
disposition = NSURLSessionAuthChallengeUseCredential;
} else {
disposition = NSURLSessionAuthChallengePerformDefaultHandling;
}
} else {
//取消质询disposition = NSURLSessionAuthChallengeCancelAuthenticationChallenge;
}
} else {
disposition = NSURLSessionAuthChallengePerformDefaultHandling;
}
return disposition;
}];
[_manager POST:url parameters:parameters success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nonnull task, id _Nullable responseObject) {
NSHTTPURLResponse *response = (NSHTTPURLResponse *)task.response;
NSDictionary *headDic = response.allHeaderFields;
NSInteger code = response.statusCode;
NSLog(@"response statusCode is %zd",code);
// NSString *etag = headDic[@"Etag"];
// if (etag) {
// _etag = etag;
// }
NSLog(@"%@",[[NSString alloc]initWithData:responseObject encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]);
NSDictionary *responseDic = [self jsonToDictionary:[[NSString alloc]initWithData:responseObject encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
success(task,responseObject);
} failure:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError * _Nonnull error) {
NSHTTPURLResponse *response = (NSHTTPURLResponse *)task.response;
NSDictionary *headDic = response.allHeaderFields;
NSInteger code = response.statusCode;
NSLog(@"response statusCode is %zd",code);
failure(task,error);
}];
}
- (NSDictionary *)jsonToDictionary:(NSString *)jsonString {
NSData *jsonData = [jsonString dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSError *jsonError;
NSDictionary *resultDic = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:jsonData options:NSJSONReadingMutableLeaves error:&jsonError];
return resultDic;
}
第3种
1). 第一步，先获取需要验证的信任对象(Trust Object)。这个Trust Object在不同的应用场景下获取的方式都不一样，对于NSURLConnection来说，是从delegate方法-connection:willSendRequestForAuthenticationChallenge:回调回来的参数challenge中获取([challenge.protectionSpace serverTrust])。
2). 使用系统默认验证方式验证Trust Object。SecTrustEvaluate会根据Trust Object的验证策略，一级一级往上，验证证书链上每一级数字签名的有效性（上一部分有讲解），从而评估证书的有效性。
3). 如第二步验证通过了，一般的安全要求下，就可以直接验证通过，进入到下一步：使用Trust Object生成一份凭证([NSURLCredential credentialForTrust:serverTrust])，传入challenge的sender中([challenge.sender useCredential:cred forAuthenticationChallenge:challenge])处理，建立连接。
4). 假如有更强的安全要求，可以继续对Trust Object进行更严格的验证。常用的方式是在本地导入证书，验证Trust Object与导入的证书是否匹配。更多的方法可以查看Enforcing Stricter Server Trust Evaluation，这一部分在讲解AFNetworking源码中会讲解到。
5). 假如验证失败，取消此次Challenge-Response Authentication验证流程，拒绝连接请求。
ps: 假如是自建证书的，则会跳过第二步，使用第三部进行验证，因为自建证书的根CA的数字签名未在操作系统的信任列表中
使用NSURLConnection支持HTTPS的实现
// Now start the connectionself.connection = [NSURLConnection connectionWithRequest:[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:httpsURL] delegate:self]; //回调- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection willSendRequestForAuthenticationChallenge:(NSURLAuthenticationChallenge *)challenge { //1)获取trust object SecTrustRef trust = challenge.protectionSpace.serverTrust; SecTrustResultType result; //2)SecTrustEvaluate对trust进行验证 OSStatus status = SecTrustEvaluate(trust, &result); if (status == errSecSuccess && (result == kSecTrustResultProceed || result == kSecTrustResultUnspecified)) { //3)验证成功，生成NSURLCredential凭证cred，告知challenge的sender使用这个凭证来继续连接 NSURLCredential *cred = [NSURLCredential credentialForTrust:trust]; [challenge.sender useCredential:cred forAuthenticationChallenge:challenge]; } else { //5)验证失败，取消这次验证流程 [challenge.sender cancelAuthenticationChallenge:challenge]; }}//先导入证书NSString * cerPath = ...; //证书的路径NSData * cerData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:cerPath];SecCertificateRef certificate = SecCertificateCreateWithData(NULL, (__bridge CFDataRef)(cerData));self.trustedCertificates = @[CFBridgingRelease(certificate)];//回调- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection willSendRequestForAuthenticationChallenge:(NSURLAuthenticationChallenge *)challenge { //1)获取trust object SecTrustRef trust = challenge.protectionSpace.serverTrust; SecTrustResultType result; //注意：这里将之前导入的证书设置成下面验证的Trust Object的anchor certificate SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates(trust, (__bridge CFArrayRef)self.trustedCertificates); //2)SecTrustEvaluate会查找前面SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates设置的证书或者系统默认提供的证书，对trust进行验证 OSStatus status = SecTrustEvaluate(trust, &result); if (status == errSecSuccess && (result == kSecTrustResultProceed || result == kSecTrustResultUnspecified)) { //3)验证成功，生成NSURLCredential凭证cred，告知challenge的sender使用这个凭证来继续连接 NSURLCredential *cred = [NSURLCredential credentialForTrust:trust]; [challenge.sender useCredential:cred forAuthenticationChallenge:challenge]; } else { //5)验证失败，取消这次验证流程 [challenge.sender cancelAuthenticationChallenge:challenge]; }}建议采用本地导入证书的方式验证证书，来保证足够的安全性。
