Django 内置admin详解 定制快速增删改查

Django内置的Admin是对于model中对应的数据表进行增删改查提供的组件,使用方式有:

依赖APP:
        django.contrib.auth
        django.contrib.contenttypes
        django.contrib.messages
        django.contrib.sessions

    模板的context_processors:
        django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth
        django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages

    中间件:
        django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware 
        django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware
Django Admin内部依赖

一、配置路由

urlpatterns = [
        url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    ]

当前配置的路由可以创建一些路由映射关系:

/admin/
/admin/login/
/admin/logout/
/admin/password_change/
/admin/password_change/done/

/admin/app名称/model名称/
/admin/app名称/model名称/add/
/admin/app名称/model名称/ID值/history/
/admin/app名称/model名称/ID值/change/
/admin/app名称/model名称/ID值/delete/

二、定制Admin

在admin.py中只需要讲Mode中的某个类注册,即可在Admin中实现增删改查的功能,如:

admin.site.register(models.UserInfo)
#参数也可以是列表
admin.site.register([models.UserInfo,models.UserGroup])

但是,这种方式比较简单,如果想要进行更多的定制操作,需要利用ModelAdmin进行操作,如:

方式一:
    class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
        list_display = ('user', 'pwd',)
 
    admin.site.register(models.UserInfo, UserAdmin) # 第一个参数可以是列表
     
 
方式二:
    @admin.register(models.UserInfo)                # 第一个参数可以是列表
    class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
        list_display = ('user', 'pwd',)

  我们可以自定义一个类,然后传入 resgister 注册函数中[注册函数中有个这参数,默认是None],引用类里边我们定义的方法。注意:当自定义类的时候。需要继承 admin.ModelAdmin 类

ModelAdmin中提供了大量的可定制功能,如

1、list_display,列表时,定制显示的列。

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('user', 'pwd', 'xxxxx')
 
    def xxxxx(self, obj):
        return "xxxxx"

2、list_display_links,列表时,定制列可以点击跳转。

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('user', 'pwd', 'xxxxx')
    list_display_links = ('pwd',)

3、list_filter,列表时,定制右侧快速筛选。

from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('user', 'pwd')
 
    class Ugg(admin.SimpleListFilter):
        title = _('decade born')
        parameter_name = 'xxxxxx'
 
        def lookups(self, request, model_admin):
            """
            显示筛选选项
            :param request:
            :param model_admin:
            :return:
            """
            return models.UserGroup.objects.values_list('id', 'title')
 
        def queryset(self, request, queryset):
            """
            点击查询时,进行筛选
            :param request:
            :param queryset:
            :return:
            """
            v = self.value()
            return queryset.filter(ug=v)
 
    list_filter = ('user',Ugg,)

4、list_select_related,列表时,连表查询是否自动select_related

5、分页相关

# 分页,每页显示条数
    list_per_page = 100
 
# 分页,显示全部(真实数据<该值时,才会有显示全部)
    list_max_show_all = 200
 
# 分页插件
    paginator = Paginator

6、list_editable,列表时,可以编辑的列

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('user', 'pwd','ug',)
    list_editable = ('ug',)

7、search_fields,列表时,模糊搜索的功能  

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
     
    search_fields = ('user', 'pwd')

8、date_hierarchy,列表时,对Date和DateTime类型进行搜索

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
 
    date_hierarchy = 'ctime'

9、preserve_filters,详细页面,删除、修改,更新后跳转回列表后,是否保留原搜索条件

10、save_as = False,详细页面,按钮为“Sava as new” 或 “Sava and add another”

11、save_as_continue = True,点击保存并继续编辑

save_as_continue = True
 
# 如果 save_as=True,save_as_continue = True, 点击Sava as new 按钮后继续编辑。
# 如果 save_as=True,save_as_continue = False,点击Sava as new 按钮后返回列表。
 
New in Django 1.10.

12、save_on_top = False,详细页面,在页面上方是否也显示保存删除等按钮

13、inlines,详细页面,如果有其他表和当前表做FK,那么详细页面可以进行动态增加和删除

class UserInfoInline(admin.StackedInline): # TabularInline
    extra = 0
    model = models.UserInfo
 
 
class GroupAdminMode(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('id', 'title',)
    inlines = [UserInfoInline, ]

14、action【定制下拉框选项】,列表时,定制action中的操作

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
 
    # 定制Action行为具体方法
    def func(self, request, queryset):
        print(self, request, queryset)
        print(request.POST.getlist('_selected_action'))
 
    func.short_description = "中文显示自定义Actions"
    actions = [func, ]
 
    # Action选项都是在页面上方显示
    actions_on_top = True
    # Action选项都是在页面下方显示
    actions_on_bottom = False
 
    # 是否显示选择个数
    actions_selection_counter = True

15、定制HTML模板

add_form_template = None
change_form_template = None
change_list_template = None
delete_confirmation_template = None
delete_selected_confirmation_template = None
object_history_template = None

16、raw_id_fields,详细页面,针对FK和M2M字段变成以Input框形式

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
 
    raw_id_fields = ('FK字段', 'M2M字段',)

17、fields,详细页面时,显示字段的字段

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    fields = ('user',)

18、exclude,详细页面时,排除的字段

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    exclude = ('user',)

19、readonly_fields,详细页面时,只读字段

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    readonly_fields = ('user',)

20、fieldsets,详细页面时,使用fieldsets标签对数据进行分割显示

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    fieldsets = (
        ('基本数据', {
            'fields': ('user', 'pwd', 'ctime',)
        }),
        ('其他', {
            'classes': ('collapse', 'wide', 'extrapretty'),  # 'collapse','wide', 'extrapretty'
            'fields': ('user', 'pwd'),
        }),
    )

21、详细页面时,M2M显示时,数据移动选择(方向:上下和左右)

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    filter_vertical = ("m2m字段",) # 或filter_horizontal = ("m2m字段",)

22、ordering,列表时,数据排序规则

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    ordering = ('-id',)
    或
    def get_ordering(self, request):
        return ['-id', ]

23、view_on_site,编辑时,是否在页面上显示view on set

view_on_site = False
或
def view_on_site(self, obj):
    return 'https://www.baidu.com'

24、radio_fields,详细页面时,使用radio显示选项【圈点选择】(FK默认使用select)

radio_fields = {"ug": admin.VERTICAL} # 或admin.HORIZONTAL

25、show_full_result_count = True,列表时,模糊搜索后面显示的数据个数样式  

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    # show_full_result_count = True # 1 result (12 total)
    # show_full_result_count = False  # 1 result (Show all)
    search_fields = ('user',)

26、formfield_overrides = {},详细页面时,指定现实插件

from django.forms import widgets
from django.utils.html import format_html
 
class MyTextarea(widgets.Widget):
    def __init__(self, attrs=None):
        # Use slightly better defaults than HTML's 20x2 box
        default_attrs = {'cols': '40', 'rows': '10'}
        if attrs:
            default_attrs.update(attrs)
        super(MyTextarea, self).__init__(default_attrs)
 
    def render(self, name, value, attrs=None):
        if value is None:
            value = ''
        final_attrs = self.build_attrs(attrs, name=name)
        return format_html('<textarea {}>\r\n{}</textarea>',final_attrs, value)
 
 
 
@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
 
    formfield_overrides = {
        models.models.CharField: {'widget': MyTextarea},
    }

27、prepopulated_fields = {},添加页面,当在某字段填入值后,自动会将值填充到指定字段。

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
 
    prepopulated_fields = {"email": ("user","pwd",)}

PS: DjangoAdmin中使用js实现功能,页面email字段的值会在输入:user、pwd时自动填充

28、form = ModelForm,用于定制用户请求时候表单验证

from app01 import models
from django.forms import ModelForm
from django.forms import fields
 
 
class MyForm(ModelForm):
    others = fields.CharField()
 
    class Meta:
        model = models = models.UserInfo
        fields = "__all__"
 
@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
 
    form = MyForm

29、empty_value_display = "列数据为空时,显示默认值"

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    empty_value_display = "列数据为空时,默认显示"
 
    list_display = ('user','pwd','up')
 
    def up(self,obj):
        return obj.user
    up.empty_value_display = "指定列数据为空时,默认显示"

 

a. 使用Django Admin
		http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/7444717.html
		1. admin 是app
		2. admin 
			url(r'^$', wrap(self.index), name='index'),
            url(r'^login/$', self.login, name='login'),
            url(r'^logout/$', wrap(self.logout), name='logout'),
            url(r'^password_change/$', wrap(self.password_change, cacheable=True), name='password_change'),
            url(r'^password_change/done/$', wrap(self.password_change_done, cacheable=True),name='password_change_done'),
			
			
			根据注册的类 admin.site.register(models.UserInfo) 生成URL
			
			admin.site.register(models.UserInfo)
				http://127.0.0.1:8001/admin/app01/userinfo/    		 - 数据列表
				http://127.0.0.1:8001/admin/app01/userinfo/add/		 - 添加数据
				http://127.0.0.1:8001/admin/app01/userinfo/1/change/ - 修改数据
				http://127.0.0.1:8001/admin/app01/userinfo/1/delete/ - 删除数据
			admin.site.register(models.UserGroup)
				http://127.0.0.1:8001/admin/app01/usergroup/    		 - 数据列表
				http://127.0.0.1:8001/admin/app01/usergroup/add/		 - 添加数据
				http://127.0.0.1:8001/admin/app01/usergroup/1/change/ - 修改数据
				http://127.0.0.1:8001/admin/app01/usergroup/1/delete/ - 删除数据
				
			问题:
				1. 如何自动添加URL对应关系
				2. 路由分发
					url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
					url(r'^app01/', include("app01.urls")),
			
		3. 创建用户名密码登录
			python3 manage.py createsuperuser 
			
		4. 任意App中创建Model类型,注册到admin中
			from app01 import models
			admin.site.register(models.UserInfo)
			
			问题: admin.py 执行时间
				- 每次url访问执行一次
				- 第一次启动时,只执行一次
					
			admin.py是在python manage.py runserver 时,自动调用所有app中的admin.py:
				_registry = {
					models.UserInfo: admin.ModelAdmin(models.UserInfo,admin.site)
					models.UserGroup: admin.ModelAdmin(models.UserGroup,admin.site)
				}
				#用于生成admin的url
				 urlpatterns = [
						url(r'^$', wrap(self.index), name='index'),
						url(r'^login/$', self.login, name='login'),
						url(r'^logout/$', wrap(self.logout), name='logout'),
						url(r'^password_change/$', wrap(self.password_change, cacheable=True), name='password_change'),
						url(r'^password_change/done/$', wrap(self.password_change_done, cacheable=True),
							name='password_change_done'),
						url(r'^jsi18n/$', wrap(self.i18n_javascript, cacheable=True), name='jsi18n'),
						url(r'^r/(?P<content_type_id>\d+)/(?P<object_id>.+)/$', wrap(contenttype_views.shortcut),
							name='view_on_site'),
					]
					
				#用于生成注册在admin对应数据库操作的url
				for model, model_admin in self._registry.items():
					urlpatterns += [
						url(r'^%s/%s/' % (model._meta.app_label, model._meta.model_name), include(model_admin.urls)),
					] #格式:app01/userinfo/   其中:model._meta.app_label 获取app的名字 ; model._meta.model_name 获取数据表名
					if model._meta.app_label not in valid_app_labels:
						valid_app_labels.append(model._meta.app_label)

			for item in model_class_list:
				item获取app名称,表名称\
				http://127.0.0.1:8001/admin/app名称/表名称/    		 - 数据列表
				http://127.0.0.1:8001/admin/app01/userinfo/add/		 - 添加数据
				http://127.0.0.1:8001/admin/app01/userinfo/1/change/ - 修改数据
				http://127.0.0.1:8001/admin/app01/userinfo/1/delete/ - 删除数据
					
			使用:
					
					from django.contrib import admin
					from app01 import models
					admin.site.register(models.UserInfo,admin.ModelAdmin)
					admin.site.register(models.UserGroup,admin.ModelAdmin)
	
					urlpatterns = [
						url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
					]
								
					PS:
						# @admin.register([models.UserInfo,])                # 第一个参数可以是列表
						# class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
						#     # list_display = ('user', 'pwd',)
						#     pass

		5. list_display
			list_display 可以放字段名,也可以放函数 定制在页面上要显示的列
				list_display = ('user', 'email', yuhao)
					
				内部原理:
			
					from types import FunctionType
					def yuhao():
						# print(obj.user)
						return '小于浩'

					list_display = ('user', 'email', yuhao)

					for item in list_display:
						# print(item,callable(item),isinstance(item,FunctionType))
						if isinstance(item,FunctionType):
							print(item())
						else:
							print(item)
		
		...
		
		15. 定制模板时
				add_form_template = None
				change_form_template = None
				change_list_template = None
				delete_confirmation_template = None
				delete_selected_confirmation_template = None
				object_history_template = None

				change_list_template = 'html页面'  显示我们自定义的页面
				from django.template.response import TemplateResponse
				test_template = None

				def test(request):
					# print(models.UserInfo._meta.app_label)
					# print(models.UserInfo._meta.model_name)
					# if test_template:
					#     return render(request,test_template)
					# else:
					#     return HttpResponse('...')

					return TemplateResponse(request,[] or ['xiaohaohao.html','my_change_list.html'],{'k1':'v1'})

 转载博客:Django内置Admin

posted @ 2017-09-06 18:55  细雨蓝枫  阅读(1584)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报