B/S或者C/S软件中都会涉及多语言版本的问题,那么如何在编程过程中尽量减少因为多语言而带来的程序复杂性呢?下面是我想到的一个解决方案,希望广大网友们各抒己见,我用asp.net(C#)语言抛砖引玉了.
软件语言版本就是软件界面上的文字.我将界面上的文字分为两种类型:1 直接放在界面上的文字(在asp.net中大部分这些文字都是控件上一个属性的值) 2 由程序控制动态生成的文字(大部分是生成的控件上一个属性的值) ,所以所谓多语言版本的对这些文字的控制.
下面是我的解决方案:
一 对直接放在界面上的文字的处理
主要是使用资源文件来处理:(方法引用自:http://singlepine.cnblogs.com/articles/253309.html)
界面事例:
1.建立工程，比如Document，配置webconfig
<appSettings>
<add key="DefaultCulture" value="zh-cn" />
<add key="CNCulture" value="zh-cn" />
<add key="ENCulture" value="en-us" />
</appSettings>
2.添加资源文件
右键添加新项目，选中Assembly Resource File,命名为strings.en-us.resx和strings.zh-cn.resx，然后配置如下
2.1 strings.en-us.resx
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<root>
<xsd:schema id="root" xmlns="" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:msdata="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata">
<xsd:element name="root" msdata:IsDataSet="true">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:choice maxOccurs="unbounded">
<xsd:element name="data">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
<xsd:element name="comment" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="2" />
</xsd:sequence>
<xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" />
<xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" />
<xsd:attribute name="mimetype" type="xsd:string" />
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
<xsd:element name="resheader">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
</xsd:sequence>
<xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required" />
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:choice>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:schema>
<resheader name="ResMimeType">
<value>text/microsoft-resx</value>
</resheader>
<resheader name="Version">
<value>1.0.0.0</value>
</resheader>
<resheader name="Reader">
<value>System.Resources.ResXResourceReader, System.Windows.Forms, Version=1.0.5000.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value>
</resheader>
<resheader name="Writer">
<value>System.Resources.ResXResourceWriter, System.Windows.Forms, Version=1.0.5000.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value>
</resheader>
<data name="LoginName">
<value>Username</value>
</data>
<data name="Password">
<value>Password</value>
</data>
</root>
2.2 strings.zh-cn.resx
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<root>
<xsd:schema id="root" xmlns="" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:msdata="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata">
<xsd:element name="root" msdata:IsDataSet="true">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:choice maxOccurs="unbounded">
<xsd:element name="data">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
<xsd:element name="comment" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="2" />
</xsd:sequence>
<xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" />
<xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" />
<xsd:attribute name="mimetype" type="xsd:string" />
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
<xsd:element name="resheader">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
</xsd:sequence>
<xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required" />
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:choice>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:schema>
<resheader name="ResMimeType">
<value>text/microsoft-resx</value>
</resheader>
<resheader name="Version">
<value>1.0.0.0</value>
</resheader>
<resheader name="Reader">
<value>System.Resources.ResXResourceReader, System.Windows.Forms, Version=1.0.5000.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value>
</resheader>
<resheader name="Writer">
<value>System.Resources.ResXResourceWriter, System.Windows.Forms, Version=1.0.5000.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value>
</resheader>
<data name="LoginName">
<value>用户名</value>
</data>
<data name="Password">
<value>密码</value>
</data>
</root>3.在Global.asax写如下代码 protected void Application_BeginRequest(Object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
if(Request.Cookies["CultureResource"]!=null)
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture=new CultureInfo(Request.Cookies["CultureResource"].Value);
else
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture=new CultureInfo(ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["DefaultCulture"].ToString());
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture=Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture;
}
catch(Exception)
{
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture=new CultureInfo(ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["DefaultCulture"].ToString());
}
}
4.添加测试页面
4.1 html
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<title>Login</title>
<meta name="GENERATOR" Content="Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 7.1">
<meta name="CODE_LANGUAGE" Content="C#">
<meta name="vs_defaultClientScript" content="JavaScript">
<meta name="vs_targetSchema" content="http://schemas.microsoft.com/intellisense/ie5">
</HEAD>
<body>
<form id="Form1" method="post" runat="server">
<table align="center" cellSpacing="0" cellPadding="0" width="100%" border="0" height="100%">
<colgroup>
<col width="20%">
</col>
<col width="60%">
</col>
<col width="20%">
</col>
</colgroup>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td valign="middle">
<TABLE id="Table1" align="center" cellSpacing="0" cellPadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="50%">
</col>
<col width="50%">
</col>
</colgroup>
<TR>
<TD align="right">语言选择</TD>
<TD>
<asp:Button id="Button1" runat="server" Text="中文"></asp:Button>
<asp:Button id="Button2" runat="server" Text="英文"></asp:Button></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD align="right">
<asp:Label id="Label1" runat="server">Label</asp:Label></TD>
<TD>
<asp:TextBox id="txtLoginName" runat="server" Width="100%"></asp:TextBox></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD align="right">
<asp:Label id="Label2" runat="server">Label</asp:Label></TD>
<TD>
<asp:TextBox id="txtPassword" runat="server" Width="100%"></asp:TextBox></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
</td>
<TD></TD>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</HTML>
4.2 cs代码
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.SessionState;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Threading;
using System.Resources;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Reflection;
namespace Document
{
/**//// <summary>
/// Summary description for Login.
/// </summary>
public class Login : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.TextBox txtLoginName;
protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.TextBox txtPassword;
protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.Button Button1;
protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.Button Button2;
protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.Label Label1;
protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.Label Label2;
private void Page_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
Label1.Text = Resource("LoginName");
Label2.Text = Resource("Password");
}
Web Form Designer generated code#region Web Form Designer generated code
override protected void OnInit(EventArgs e)
{
//
// CODEGEN: This call is required by the ASP.NET Web Form Designer.
//
InitializeComponent();
base.OnInit(e);
}
/**//// <summary>
/// Required method for Designer support - do not modify
/// the contents of this method with the code editor.
/// </summary>
private void InitializeComponent()
{
this.Button1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.Button1_Click);
this.Button2.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.Button2_Click);
this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.Page_Load);
}
#endregion
Resource#region Resource
public string Resource(string key)
{
string resourceValue = null;
CultureInfo ci = CultureInfo.CurrentCulture;
ResourceManager rm = new ResourceManager("Document.strings", Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly());
resourceValue = rm.GetString(key,ci);
return resourceValue;
}
#endregion
private void Button2_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
this.UpdateCultureCookie(ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["ENCulture"].ToString());
System.Web.UI.Page currentPage= (System.Web.UI.Page)this;
Response.Redirect(currentPage.Request.Url.ToString());
}
private void Button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
this.UpdateCultureCookie(ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["CNCulture"].ToString());
System.Web.UI.Page currentPage= (System.Web.UI.Page)this;
Response.Redirect(currentPage.Request.Url.ToString());
}
private void UpdateCultureCookie(string culture)
{
if(Request.Cookies["CultureResource"] != null)
{
Response.Cookies["CultureResource"].Value = culture;
Response.Cookies["CultureResource"].Expires = System.DateTime.Now.AddDays(30);
}
else
{
HttpCookie cultureCookie = new HttpCookie("CultureResource");
cultureCookie.Value = culture;
cultureCookie.Expires = System.DateTime.Now.AddDays(30);
Response.Cookies.Add(cultureCookie);
}
}
}
}
二 由程序控制动态生成的文字
1 数据库设计
动态生成的文字必须在数据库中有记录,比如中文 英文 和日文,那么存放记录的字段名分别为:name ,name_en,name_jp._en和_jp别人表示英文和日文的意思,那么在整个软件的数据库设计中凡是涉及存放文字的地方都满足这种规律.
2 语言类
该类的作用统一处理涉及语言文字的字段,在页面程序中,将存放中文的的字段名(默认语言)传递到这个类中,这个类根据当前所使用的语言在语言类中给中文字段后面加上_en ,_jp等等,如果是默认语言就不要加了.
3 其他类中的使用
主要在SQL语句中使用:
language lang=new language;//定义语言类的对象实例
.....
string Lname=lang("name");//用语言类来处理name字段,这样根据当前的语言的类型,name就变成name_en或者name_jp
string sqlStr="select id,"+Lname+" from user";
.....
4 总结
如果现在要加一种新的语言版本,
只要
1 一个页面加一个资源文件(工作量会大点)
2 Global.asax文件做一些修改
3 数据库中加一个新语言的存放字段
4 修改一下语言类
一切OK了,主要的程序类库完全不需要修改.
软件语言版本就是软件界面上的文字.我将界面上的文字分为两种类型:1 直接放在界面上的文字(在asp.net中大部分这些文字都是控件上一个属性的值) 2 由程序控制动态生成的文字(大部分是生成的控件上一个属性的值) ,所以所谓多语言版本的对这些文字的控制.
下面是我的解决方案:
一 对直接放在界面上的文字的处理
主要是使用资源文件来处理:(方法引用自:http://singlepine.cnblogs.com/articles/253309.html)
界面事例:
1.建立工程，比如Document，配置webconfig
<appSettings>
<add key="DefaultCulture" value="zh-cn" />
<add key="CNCulture" value="zh-cn" />
<add key="ENCulture" value="en-us" />
</appSettings>
2.添加资源文件
右键添加新项目，选中Assembly Resource File,命名为strings.en-us.resx和strings.zh-cn.resx，然后配置如下
2.1 strings.en-us.resx
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<root>
<xsd:schema id="root" xmlns="" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:msdata="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata">
<xsd:element name="root" msdata:IsDataSet="true">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:choice maxOccurs="unbounded">
<xsd:element name="data">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
<xsd:element name="comment" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="2" />
</xsd:sequence>
<xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" />
<xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" />
<xsd:attribute name="mimetype" type="xsd:string" />
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
<xsd:element name="resheader">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
</xsd:sequence>
<xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required" />
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:choice>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:schema>
<resheader name="ResMimeType">
<value>text/microsoft-resx</value>
</resheader>
<resheader name="Version">
<value>1.0.0.0</value>
</resheader>
<resheader name="Reader">
<value>System.Resources.ResXResourceReader, System.Windows.Forms, Version=1.0.5000.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value>
</resheader>
<resheader name="Writer">
<value>System.Resources.ResXResourceWriter, System.Windows.Forms, Version=1.0.5000.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value>
</resheader>
<data name="LoginName">
<value>Username</value>
</data>
<data name="Password">
<value>Password</value>
</data>
</root>
2.2 strings.zh-cn.resx
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<root>
<xsd:schema id="root" xmlns="" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:msdata="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata">
<xsd:element name="root" msdata:IsDataSet="true">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:choice maxOccurs="unbounded">
<xsd:element name="data">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
<xsd:element name="comment" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="2" />
</xsd:sequence>
<xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" />
<xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" />
<xsd:attribute name="mimetype" type="xsd:string" />
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
<xsd:element name="resheader">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
</xsd:sequence>
<xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required" />
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:choice>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:schema>
<resheader name="ResMimeType">
<value>text/microsoft-resx</value>
</resheader>
<resheader name="Version">
<value>1.0.0.0</value>
</resheader>
<resheader name="Reader">
<value>System.Resources.ResXResourceReader, System.Windows.Forms, Version=1.0.5000.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value>
</resheader>
<resheader name="Writer">
<value>System.Resources.ResXResourceWriter, System.Windows.Forms, Version=1.0.5000.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value>
</resheader>
<data name="LoginName">
<value>用户名</value>
</data>
<data name="Password">
<value>密码</value>
</data>
</root>3.在Global.asax写如下代码 protected void Application_BeginRequest(Object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
if(Request.Cookies["CultureResource"]!=null)
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture=new CultureInfo(Request.Cookies["CultureResource"].Value);
else
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture=new CultureInfo(ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["DefaultCulture"].ToString());
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture=Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture;
}
catch(Exception)
{
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture=new CultureInfo(ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["DefaultCulture"].ToString());
}
}
4.添加测试页面
4.1 html
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<title>Login</title>
<meta name="GENERATOR" Content="Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 7.1">
<meta name="CODE_LANGUAGE" Content="C#">
<meta name="vs_defaultClientScript" content="JavaScript">
<meta name="vs_targetSchema" content="http://schemas.microsoft.com/intellisense/ie5">
</HEAD>
<body>
<form id="Form1" method="post" runat="server">
<table align="center" cellSpacing="0" cellPadding="0" width="100%" border="0" height="100%">
<colgroup>
<col width="20%">
</col>
<col width="60%">
</col>
<col width="20%">
</col>
</colgroup>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td valign="middle">
<TABLE id="Table1" align="center" cellSpacing="0" cellPadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="50%">
</col>
<col width="50%">
</col>
</colgroup>
<TR>
<TD align="right">语言选择</TD>
<TD>
<asp:Button id="Button1" runat="server" Text="中文"></asp:Button>
<asp:Button id="Button2" runat="server" Text="英文"></asp:Button></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD align="right">
<asp:Label id="Label1" runat="server">Label</asp:Label></TD>
<TD>
<asp:TextBox id="txtLoginName" runat="server" Width="100%"></asp:TextBox></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD align="right">
<asp:Label id="Label2" runat="server">Label</asp:Label></TD>
<TD>
<asp:TextBox id="txtPassword" runat="server" Width="100%"></asp:TextBox></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
</td>
<TD></TD>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</HTML>
4.2 cs代码
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.SessionState;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Threading;
using System.Resources;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Reflection;
namespace Document
{
/**//// <summary>
/// Summary description for Login.
/// </summary>
public class Login : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.TextBox txtLoginName;
protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.TextBox txtPassword;
protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.Button Button1;
protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.Button Button2;
protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.Label Label1;
protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.Label Label2;
private void Page_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
Label1.Text = Resource("LoginName");
Label2.Text = Resource("Password");
}
Web Form Designer generated code#region Web Form Designer generated code
override protected void OnInit(EventArgs e)
{
//
// CODEGEN: This call is required by the ASP.NET Web Form Designer.
//
InitializeComponent();
base.OnInit(e);
}
/**//// <summary>
/// Required method for Designer support - do not modify
/// the contents of this method with the code editor.
/// </summary>
private void InitializeComponent()
{
this.Button1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.Button1_Click);
this.Button2.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.Button2_Click);
this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.Page_Load);
}
#endregion
Resource#region Resource
public string Resource(string key)
{
string resourceValue = null;
CultureInfo ci = CultureInfo.CurrentCulture;
ResourceManager rm = new ResourceManager("Document.strings", Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly());
resourceValue = rm.GetString(key,ci);
return resourceValue;
}
#endregion
private void Button2_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
this.UpdateCultureCookie(ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["ENCulture"].ToString());
System.Web.UI.Page currentPage= (System.Web.UI.Page)this;
Response.Redirect(currentPage.Request.Url.ToString());
}
private void Button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
this.UpdateCultureCookie(ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["CNCulture"].ToString());
System.Web.UI.Page currentPage= (System.Web.UI.Page)this;
Response.Redirect(currentPage.Request.Url.ToString());
}
private void UpdateCultureCookie(string culture)
{
if(Request.Cookies["CultureResource"] != null)
{
Response.Cookies["CultureResource"].Value = culture;
Response.Cookies["CultureResource"].Expires = System.DateTime.Now.AddDays(30);
}
else
{
HttpCookie cultureCookie = new HttpCookie("CultureResource");
cultureCookie.Value = culture;
cultureCookie.Expires = System.DateTime.Now.AddDays(30);
Response.Cookies.Add(cultureCookie);
}
}
}
}
二 由程序控制动态生成的文字
1 数据库设计
动态生成的文字必须在数据库中有记录,比如中文 英文 和日文,那么存放记录的字段名分别为:name ,name_en,name_jp._en和_jp别人表示英文和日文的意思,那么在整个软件的数据库设计中凡是涉及存放文字的地方都满足这种规律.
2 语言类
该类的作用统一处理涉及语言文字的字段,在页面程序中,将存放中文的的字段名(默认语言)传递到这个类中,这个类根据当前所使用的语言在语言类中给中文字段后面加上_en ,_jp等等,如果是默认语言就不要加了.
3 其他类中的使用
主要在SQL语句中使用:
language lang=new language;//定义语言类的对象实例
.....
string Lname=lang("name");//用语言类来处理name字段,这样根据当前的语言的类型,name就变成name_en或者name_jp
string sqlStr="select id,"+Lname+" from user";
.....
4 总结
如果现在要加一种新的语言版本,
只要
1 一个页面加一个资源文件(工作量会大点)
2 Global.asax文件做一些修改
3 数据库中加一个新语言的存放字段
4 修改一下语言类
一切OK了,主要的程序类库完全不需要修改.
