C#可扩展编程之MEF学习笔记(三):导出类的方法和属性
前面说完了导入和导出的几种方法,如果大家细心的话会注意到前面我们导出的都是类,那么方法和属性能不能导出呢???答案是肯定的,下面就来说下MEF是如何导出方法和属性的。
还是前面的代码,第二篇中已经提供了下载链接,大家可以下载学习。
首先来说导出属性,因为这个比较简单,和导出类差不多,先来看看代码,主要看我加注释的地方,MusicBook.cs中的代码如下:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.ComponentModel.Composition; namespace MEFDemo { [Export("MusicBook")] public class MusicBook : IBookService { //导出私有属性 [Export(typeof(string))] private string _privateBookName = "Private Music BookName"; //导出公有属性 [Export(typeof(string))] public string _publicBookName = "Public Music BookName"; public string BookName { get; set; } } [Export("MathBook", typeof(IBookService))] public class MathBook : IBookService { public string BookName { get; set; } public string GetBookName() { return "MathBook"; } } [Export("HistoryBook", typeof(IBookService))] public class HistoryBook : IBookService { public string BookName { get; set; } public string GetBookName() { return "HistoryBook"; } } }
program.cs中的代码如下:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Reflection; using System.ComponentModel.Composition; using System.ComponentModel.Composition.Hosting; namespace MEFDemo { class Program { [ImportMany("MathBook")] public IEnumerable<object> Services { get; set; } //导入属性,这里不区分public还是private [ImportMany] public List<string> InputString { get; set; } static void Main(string[] args) { Program pro = new Program(); pro.Compose(); if (pro.Services != null) { foreach (var s in pro.Services) { var ss = (IBookService)s; Console.WriteLine(ss.GetBookName()); } } foreach (var str in pro.InputString) { Console.WriteLine(str); } Console.Read(); } private void Compose() { var catalog = new AssemblyCatalog(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly()); CompositionContainer container = new CompositionContainer(catalog); container.ComposeParts(this); } } }
下面还用foreach遍历输出属性的值,运行即可查看到结果。最后我会附上源码供大家下载,这里就不再截图了。
下面说导出方法吧,同理无论是公有方法还是私有方法都是可以导出的,MusicBook代码如下:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.ComponentModel.Composition; namespace MEFDemo { [Export("MusicBook")] public class MusicBook : IBookService { //导出私有属性 [Export(typeof(string))] private string _privateBookName = "Private Music BookName"; //导出公有属性 [Export(typeof(string))] public string _publicBookName = "Public Music BookName"; public string BookName { get; set; } //导出公有方法 [Export(typeof(Func<string>))] public string GetBookName() { return "MusicBook"; } //导出私有方法 [Export(typeof(Func<int, string>))] private string GetBookPrice(int price) { return "$" + price; } } [Export("MathBook", typeof(IBookService))] public class MathBook : IBookService { public string BookName { get; set; } public string GetBookName() { return "MathBook"; } } [Export("HistoryBook", typeof(IBookService))] public class HistoryBook : IBookService { public string BookName { get; set; } public string GetBookName() { return "HistoryBook"; } } }
program中的代码如下:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Reflection; using System.ComponentModel.Composition; using System.ComponentModel.Composition.Hosting; namespace MEFDemo { class Program { [ImportMany("MathBook")] public IEnumerable<object> Services { get; set; } //导入属性,这里不区分public还是private [ImportMany] public List<string> InputString { get; set; } //导入无参数方法 [Import] public Func<string> methodWithoutPara { get; set; } //导入有参数方法 [Import] public Func<int,string> methodWithPara { get; set; } static void Main(string[] args) { Program pro = new Program(); pro.Compose(); if (pro.Services != null) { foreach (var s in pro.Services) { var ss = (IBookService)s; Console.WriteLine(ss.GetBookName()); } } foreach (var str in pro.InputString) { Console.WriteLine(str); } //调用无参数方法 if (pro.methodWithoutPara != null) { Console.WriteLine(pro.methodWithoutPara()); } //调用有参数方法 if (pro.methodWithPara != null) { Console.WriteLine(pro.methodWithPara(3000)); } Console.Read(); } private void Compose() { var catalog = new AssemblyCatalog(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly()); CompositionContainer container = new CompositionContainer(catalog); container.ComposeParts(this); } } }
导入导出方法用到了Func<T>委托,当然没有返回值的话可以用Action<T>委托,关于委托这里就不多说了,大家可以自行百度。
MEF系列文章:
C#可扩展编程之MEF学习笔记(一):MEF简介及简单的Demo
C#可扩展编程之MEF学习笔记(二):MEF的导出(Export)和导入(Import)