基于Java使用Snmp4j进行监控与采集(snmptrap、snmpwalk、snmpget)
一、前言
之前有在弄监控服务器这块的工作,今天来整体总结下。因为有些服务器(路由器、交换机等都是基于snmp协议的)必须使用snmp协议去监控采集和接收信息,所以必须去了解snmp相关内容,以及如何在基于java上开发。关于了解snmp相关内容,必看《SNMP简单网络管理协议》这本书里面介绍的很详细,另外推荐这位前辈的博文写的很到位 《snmp学习总结》。关于snmp4j的介绍也可以看看前面这位前辈关于 《snmp学习总结》的最后一篇博文《snmp4j介绍》。当然本篇主要记录如何基于Java如何使用snmp4j去开发实现监控与采集,下面我们直接结合源码以及实例讲解:
二、针对源码进行分析:
1、核心对象SNMP的初始化。
源码中有四种初始化方法及四个构造函数,其实都大同小异:参数少的就必须后续添加,参数多的必须提前初始化。
我们先看看第一个无参构造函数,源码很简单,但是注释很多,所以看源码必须要先看注释。
1 /** 2 * Creates a {@code Snmp} instance that uses a 3 * {@code MessageDispatcherImpl} with no message processing 4 * models and no security protols (by default). You will have to add 5 * those by calling the appropriate methods on 6 * {@link #getMessageDispatcher()}. 7 * <p> 8 * At least one transport mapping has to be added before {@link #listen()} 9 * is called in order to be able to send and receive SNMP messages. 10 * <p> 11 * To initialize a {@code Snmp} instance created with this constructor 12 * follow this sample code: 13 * <pre> 14 * Transport transport = ...; 15 * Snmp snmp = new Snmp(); 16 * SecurityProtocols.getInstance().addDefaultProtocols(); 17 * MessageDispatcher disp = snmp.getMessageDispatcher(); 18 * disp.addMessageProcessingModel(new MPv1()); 19 * disp.addMessageProcessingModel(new MPv2c()); 20 * snmp.addTransportMapping(transport); 21 * OctetString localEngineID = new OctetString( 22 * MPv3.createLocalEngineID()); 23 * // For command generators, you may use the following code to avoid 24 * // engine ID clashes: 25 * // MPv3.createLocalEngineID( 26 * // new OctetString("MyUniqueID"+System.currentTimeMillis()))); 27 * USM usm = new USM(SecurityProtocols.getInstance(), localEngineID, 0); 28 * disp.addMessageProcessingModel(new MPv3(usm)); 29 * snmp.listen(); 30 * </pre> 31 */ 32 public Snmp() { 33 this.messageDispatcher = new MessageDispatcherImpl(); 34 if (SNMP4JSettings.getSnmp4jStatistics() != SNMP4JSettings.Snmp4jStatistics.none) { 35 counterSupport = CounterSupport.getInstance(); 36 } 37 }
从上面注释中可以看出要初始化snmp需要设置messageDispatcher里面的参数和TransportMapping参数,如果没有设置好这个两个参数,发送报文时会报错(见下面案例).所以我们可以直接使用第三个构造函数。
接下来我们来看第二个构造函数Snmp(TransportMapping<? extends Address> transportMapping):
1 /** 2 * Creates a <code>Snmp</code> instance that uses a 3 * <code>MessageDispatcherImpl</code> with all supported message processing 4 * models and the default security protols for dispatching. 5 * <p> 6 * To initialize a <code>Snmp</code> instance created with this constructor 7 * follow this sample code: 8 * <pre> 9 * Transport transport = ...; 10 * Snmp snmp = new Snmp(transport); 11 * OctetString localEngineID = 12 * new OctetString(snmp.getMPv3().getLocalEngineID()); 13 * USM usm = new USM(SecurityProtocols.getInstance(), localEngineID, 0); 14 * SecurityModels.getInstance().addSecurityModel(usm); 15 * snmp.listen(); 16 * </pre> 17 * 18 * @param transportMapping TransportMapping 19 * the initial <code>TransportMapping</code>. You can add more or remove 20 * the same later. 21 */ 22 public Snmp(TransportMapping<? extends Address> transportMapping) { 23 this(); 24 initMessageDispatcher(); 25 if (transportMapping != null) { 26 addTransportMapping(transportMapping); 27 } 28 }
protected final void initMessageDispatcher() { this.messageDispatcher.addCommandResponder(this); this.messageDispatcher.addMessageProcessingModel(new MPv2c()); this.messageDispatcher.addMessageProcessingModel(new MPv1()); this.messageDispatcher.addMessageProcessingModel(new MPv3()); SecurityProtocols.getInstance().addDefaultProtocols(); }
从源码中可以看到它帮我们设置了messageDispatcher里面的参数,只要我们提供TransportMapping参数即可。第四个构造函数Snmp(MessageDispatcher messageDispatcher)其实跟第一个类似同样需要提供两个参数,所以第三个和第四个就列出来了。其中涉及到接口有MessageDispatcher接口、MessageProcessingModel接口,涉及到的类有MPv1、MPv2和MPv3分别对应snmp版本v1、v2c和v3。
/** * @description MessageDispatcher接口定义了处理传入的SNMP消息并将其分派到感兴趣的CommandResponder实例的实例的公共服务。它还提供了一个发送出去的SNMP消息的服务。 */ public interface MessageDispatcher extends TransportListener {} /** * @description MessageProcessingModel 接口为所有SNMP消息处理模型定义了通用方法。 */ public interface MessageProcessingModel {} /** * @description TransportMapping定义了SNMP传输映射的公共接口。传输映射只能支持单个传输协议。 */ public interface TransportMapping<A extends Address> {}
2、核心对象Target
我们先看下Target对象下的继承关系。其中主要用到的子对象是CommunityTarget和UserTarget,CommunityTarget用于SNMPv1和SNMPv2c这两个版本,而UserTarget用于SNMPV3版本。
在初始化CommunityTarget时默认使用的是snmpv1(适用于snmpv2).
/** * Default constructor. */ public CommunityTarget() { setVersion(SnmpConstants.version1); setSecurityLevel(SecurityLevel.NOAUTH_NOPRIV); setSecurityModel(SecurityModel.SECURITY_MODEL_SNMPv1); }
3、核心对象PDU
跟Target一样,针对snmp的不同版本是使用不同的子类去实现。PDUv1用于SNMPv1和SNMPv2c这两个版本,而ScopedPDU用于SNMPV3版本。
三、案例分析:
1、snmpGet功能测试:
第一步:要初始snmp并开启监听。其中有点不同的是,为了支持snmpv3版本的处理需要增加用户并设置安全名称和加密算法。(关于那些静态变量的值,最好放到配置文件中显得灵活点)。
另外再说明下:snmp是基于udp协议发送报文的,且snmp端口默认为161。
1 public class SnmpUtil { 2 private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SnmpUtil.class); 3 public static Snmp snmp = null; 4 private static String community = "public"; 5 private static String ipAddress = "udp:10.10.112.105/"; 6 7 /** 8 * @description 初始化snmp 9 * @author YuanFY 10 * @date 2017年12月16日 上午10:28:01 11 * @version 1.0 12 * @throws IOException 13 */ 14 public static void initSnmp() throws IOException{ 15 //1、初始化多线程消息转发类 16 MessageDispatcher messageDispatcher = new MessageDispatcherImpl(); 17 //其中要增加三种处理模型。如果snmp初始化使用的是Snmp(TransportMapping<? extends Address> transportMapping) ,就不需要增加 18 messageDispatcher.addMessageProcessingModel(new MPv1()); 19 messageDispatcher.addMessageProcessingModel(new MPv2c()); 20 //当要支持snmpV3版本时,需要配置user 21 OctetString localEngineID = new OctetString(MPv3.createLocalEngineID()); 22 USM usm = new USM(SecurityProtocols.getInstance().addDefaultProtocols(), localEngineID, 0); 23 UsmUser user = new UsmUser(new OctetString("SNMPV3"), AuthSHA.ID, new OctetString("authPassword"), 24 PrivAES128.ID, new OctetString("privPassword")); 25 usm.addUser(user.getSecurityName(), user); 26 messageDispatcher.addMessageProcessingModel(new MPv3(usm)); 27 //2、创建transportMapping 28 UdpAddress updAddr = (UdpAddress) GenericAddress.parse("udp:10.10.112.177/161"); 29 TransportMapping<?> transportMapping = new DefaultUdpTransportMapping(updAddr); 30 //3、正式创建snmp 31 snmp = new Snmp(messageDispatcher, transportMapping); 32 //开启监听 33 snmp.listen(); 34 } 35 }
其中要注意的是UdpAddress updAddr = (UdpAddress) GenericAddress.parse("udp:10.10.112.177/161"); 只能指定本机ip,要么不要设置地址。请看DefaultUdpTransportMapping的源码
1 /** 2 * Creates a UDP transport on the specified address. The address will not be 3 * reused if it is currently in timeout state (TIME_WAIT). 4 * 5 * @param udpAddress 6 * the local address for sending and receiving of UDP messages. 7 * @throws IOException 8 * if socket binding fails. 9 */ 10 public DefaultUdpTransportMapping(UdpAddress udpAddress) throws IOException { 11 super(udpAddress); 12 socket = new DatagramSocket(udpAddress.getPort(), 13 udpAddress.getInetAddress()); 14 }
第二步: 根据snmp版本创建Target对象,其中针对snmpV3版本需要设置安全级别和安全名称,其中安全名称是创建snmp指定user设置的new OctetString("SNMPV3"),针对snmpv1和snmpv2c需要设置团体名。另外必须设置ipAddress,且对应的主机要配置snmp否则获取不到值。如下:
1 private static Target createTarget(int version, int port) { 2 Target target = null; 3 if (!(version == SnmpConstants.version3 || version == SnmpConstants.version2c || version == SnmpConstants.version1)) { 4 log.error("参数version异常"); 5 return target; 6 } 7 if (version == SnmpConstants.version3) { 8 target = new UserTarget(); 9 //snmpV3需要设置安全级别和安全名称,其中安全名称是创建snmp指定user设置的new OctetString("SNMPV3") 10 target.setSecurityLevel(SecurityLevel.AUTH_PRIV); 11 target.setSecurityName(new OctetString("SNMPV3")); 12 } else { 13 //snmpV1和snmpV2需要指定团体名名称 14 target = new CommunityTarget(); 15 ((CommunityTarget)target).setCommunity(new OctetString(community)); 16 if (version == SnmpConstants.version2c) { 17 target.setSecurityModel(SecurityModel.SECURITY_MODEL_SNMPv2c); 18 } 19 } 20 target.setVersion(version); 21 //必须指定,没有设置就会报错。 22 target.setAddress(GenericAddress.parse(ipAddress+port)); 23 target.setRetries(5); 24 target.setTimeout(3000); 25 return target; 26 }
第三步:创建报文。其中要注意的是pdu可以设置类型,如果想要用snmpget方法,就设置PDU.GET.
1 private static PDU createPDU(int version, int type, String oid){ 2 PDU pdu = null; 3 if (version == SnmpConstants.version3) { 4 pdu = new ScopedPDU(); 5 }else { 6 pdu = new PDUv1(); 7 } 8 pdu.setType(type); 9 //可以添加多个变量oid 10 pdu.add(new VariableBinding(new OID(oid))); 11 return pdu; 12 }
最后一步发送报文也是最重要的一步,需要前面三步的支撑才能进行。如下:
1 public static void snmpGet(String oid){ 2 try { 3 //1、初始化snmp,并开启监听 4 initSnmp(); 5 //2、创建目标对象 6 Target target = createTarget(SnmpConstants.version2c, SnmpConstants.DEFAULT_COMMAND_RESPONDER_PORT); 7 //3、创建报文 8 PDU pdu = createPDU(SnmpConstants.version2c, PDU.GET, oid); 9 System.out.println("-------> 发送PDU <-------"); 10 //4、发送报文,并获取返回结果 11 ResponseEvent responseEvent = snmp.send(pdu, target); 12 PDU response = responseEvent.getResponse(); 13 System.out.println("返回结果:" + response); 14 } 15 catch (IOException e) { 16 e.printStackTrace(); 17 } 18 }
测试如下:
public static void main(String[] args) { snmpGet("1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0"); }
output:
-------> 发送PDU <------- 返回结果:RESPONSE[requestID=1344419162, errorStatus=Success(0), errorIndex=0, VBS[1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0 = Linux localhost.localdomain 3.10.0-327.36.2.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Mon Oct 10 23:08:37 UTC 2016 x86_64]]
从中可以得知,snmpget是可以根据指定的oid获取其对应的内容的。
2、SNMPWalk功能测试
查看了下PDU的源码,发现没有对应snmpwalk的类型,所以使用getNext类型来实现snmpwalk功能。
1 public static void snmpWalk(String oid) { 2 try { 3 //1、初始化snmp,并开启监听 4 initSnmp(); 5 //2、创建目标对象 6 Target target = createTarget(SnmpConstants.version2c, SnmpConstants.DEFAULT_COMMAND_RESPONDER_PORT); 7 //3、创建报文 8 PDU pdu = createPDU(SnmpConstants.version2c, PDU.GETNEXT, oid); 9 System.out.println("-------> 发送PDU <-------"); 10 //4、发送报文,并获取返回结果 11 boolean matched = true; 12 while (matched) { 13 ResponseEvent responseEvent = snmp.send(pdu, target); 14 if (responseEvent == null || responseEvent.getResponse() == null) { 15 break; 16 } 17 PDU response = responseEvent.getResponse(); 18 String nextOid = null; 19 Vector<? extends VariableBinding> variableBindings = response.getVariableBindings(); 20 for (int i = 0; i < variableBindings.size(); i++) { 21 VariableBinding variableBinding = variableBindings.elementAt(i); 22 Variable variable = variableBinding.getVariable(); 23 nextOid = variableBinding.getOid().toDottedString(); 24 //如果不是这个节点下的oid则终止遍历,否则会输出很多,直到整个遍历完。 25 if (!nextOid.startsWith(oid)) { 26 matched = false; 27 break; 28 } 29 //System.out.println(variable); 30 } 31 if (!matched) { 32 break; 33 } 34 pdu.clear(); 35 pdu.add(new VariableBinding(new OID(nextOid))); 36 System.out.println("返回结果:" + response); 37 } 38 } 39 catch (IOException e) { 40 // TODO Auto-generated catch block 41 e.printStackTrace(); 42 } 43 }
测试如下:
1 public static void main(String[] args) { 2 //snmpGet("1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0"); 3 snmpWalk("1.3.6.1.2.1.25.3.3.1.2");//CPU的当前负载,N个核就有N个负载4 }
-------> 发送PDU <-------
返回结果:RESPONSE[requestID=1014693266, errorStatus=Success(0), errorIndex=0, VBS[1.3.6.1.2.1.25.3.3.1.2.196608 = 1]]
返回结果:RESPONSE[requestID=1014693268, errorStatus=Success(0), errorIndex=0, VBS[1.3.6.1.2.1.25.3.3.1.2.196609 = 0]]
用命令获取的结果是跟代码输出的结果是一样的,如下:
3、前面两个案例都是跟采集有关,接下来介绍如何监控接收服务器发过来的故障然后提示个用户,这就需要用到snmptrap了。接下来我们直接看案例:
处理流程:
1、必须实现CommandResponder接口
2、初始化snmp并开启监听。这步跟上面初始化一样,只是面对并发的情况使用MultiThreadedMessageDispatcher进行信息处理。
3、将当前实现CommandResponder的对象添加至snmp的addCommandResponder才能接收到信息。
4、处理接收到信息,通知用户。
1 package com.yuanfy.study.snmp; 2 3 import java.io.IOException; 4 5 import org.slf4j.Logger; 6 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; 7 import org.snmp4j.CommandResponder; 8 import org.snmp4j.CommandResponderEvent; 9 import org.snmp4j.MessageDispatcher; 10 import org.snmp4j.MessageDispatcherImpl; 11 import org.snmp4j.PDU; 12 import org.snmp4j.Snmp; 13 import org.snmp4j.TransportMapping; 14 import org.snmp4j.mp.MPv1; 15 import org.snmp4j.mp.MPv2c; 16 import org.snmp4j.mp.MPv3; 17 import org.snmp4j.security.AuthSHA; 18 import org.snmp4j.security.PrivAES128; 19 import org.snmp4j.security.SecurityProtocols; 20 import org.snmp4j.security.USM; 21 import org.snmp4j.security.UsmUser; 22 import org.snmp4j.smi.GenericAddress; 23 import org.snmp4j.smi.OctetString; 24 import org.snmp4j.smi.UdpAddress; 25 import org.snmp4j.transport.DefaultUdpTransportMapping; 26 import org.snmp4j.util.MultiThreadedMessageDispatcher; 27 import org.snmp4j.util.ThreadPool; 28 29 public class SnmpTrapHandler implements CommandResponder{ 30 private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SnmpTrapHandler.class); 31 private static int threadNum = 200; 32 private static String ipAddress = "udp:10.10.112.177/162"; 33 private Snmp snmp = null; 34 public void init(){ 35 //1、初始化多线程消息转发类 36 ThreadPool threadPool = ThreadPool.create("SnmpTrap", threadNum); 37 MessageDispatcher messageDispatcher = new MultiThreadedMessageDispatcher(threadPool, new MessageDispatcherImpl()); 38 //其中要增加三种处理模型。如果snmp初始化使用的是Snmp(TransportMapping<? extends Address> transportMapping) ,就不需要增加 39 messageDispatcher.addMessageProcessingModel(new MPv1()); 40 messageDispatcher.addMessageProcessingModel(new MPv2c()); 41 OctetString localEngineID = new OctetString(MPv3.createLocalEngineID()); 42 USM usm = new USM(SecurityProtocols.getInstance().addDefaultProtocols(), localEngineID, 0); 43 UsmUser user = new UsmUser(new OctetString("SNMPV3"), AuthSHA.ID, new OctetString("authPassword"), 44 PrivAES128.ID, new OctetString("privPassword")); 45 usm.addUser(user.getSecurityName(), user); 46 messageDispatcher.addMessageProcessingModel(new MPv3(usm)); 47 //2、创建transportMapping 48 TransportMapping<?> transportMapping = null; 49 try { 50 UdpAddress updAddr = (UdpAddress) GenericAddress.parse(System.getProperty("snmp4j.listenAddress", ipAddress)); 51 transportMapping = new DefaultUdpTransportMapping(updAddr); 52 //3、正式创建snmp 53 snmp = new Snmp(messageDispatcher, transportMapping); 54 //开启监听 55 snmp.listen(); 56 } catch (IOException e) { 57 log.error("初始化transportMapping失败:", e.getMessage()); 58 e.printStackTrace(); 59 } 60 } 61 62 public void start() { 63 init(); 64 //一定要将当前对象添加至commandResponderListeners中 65 snmp.addCommandResponder(this); 66 System.out.println("开始监听trap信息:"); 67 } 68 /** 69 * 处理信息方法 70 */ 71 @Override 72 public void processPdu(CommandResponderEvent event) { 73 String version = null ; 74 String community = null; 75 if (event.getPDU().getType() == PDU.V1TRAP) { 76 version = "v1"; 77 community = new String(event.getSecurityName()); 78 } else if (event.getPDU().getType() == PDU.TRAP){ 79 if (event.getSecurityModel() == 2) { 80 version = "v2"; 81 community = new String(event.getSecurityName()); 82 }else { 83 version = "v3"; 84 } 85 } 86 System.out.println("接收到的trap信息:[发送来源="+event.getPeerAddress()+",snmp版本="+version+",团体名="+community+", 携带的变量="+event.getPDU().getVariableBindings()+"]"); 87 } 88 public static void main(String[] args) { 89 SnmpTrapHandler handler = new SnmpTrapHandler(); 90 handler.start(); 91 } 92 }
测试如下: