XmlSpy / XSD 以及验证

很早以前看过一句话：“XML就象空气”，在企业应用开发中XML是一个重要的数据交换标准。而XSD则可以用来校验XML的数据格式是否正确。

一个典型的XSD文件如下：

 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <!-- edited with XMLSpy v2013 (http://www.altova.com) by  () -->
 3 <xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" elementFormDefault="qualified" attributeFormDefault="unqualified">
 4     <xs:element name="AWB">
 5         <xs:annotation>
 6             <xs:documentation>运单</xs:documentation>
 7         </xs:annotation>
 8         <xs:complexType>
 9             <xs:sequence>
10                 <xs:element name="AWB-INFO" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1">
11                     <xs:complexType>
12                         <xs:sequence>
13                             <xs:element name="AWBPRE">
14                                 <xs:annotation>
15                                     <xs:documentation>运单前缀只有输入3位数字</xs:documentation>
16                                 </xs:annotation>
17                                 <xs:simpleType>
18                                     <xs:restriction base="xs:positiveInteger">
19                                         <xs:totalDigits value="3"/>
20                                     </xs:restriction>
21                                 </xs:simpleType>
22                             </xs:element>
23                             <xs:element name="AWBNO">
24                                 <xs:annotation>
25                                     <xs:documentation>运单号只能输入8位数字</xs:documentation>
26                                 </xs:annotation>
27                                 <xs:simpleType>
28                                     <xs:restriction base="xs:positiveInteger">
29                                         <xs:totalDigits value="8"/>
30                                     </xs:restriction>
31                                 </xs:simpleType>
32                             </xs:element>
33                         </xs:sequence>
34                     </xs:complexType>
35                 </xs:element>
36                 <xs:element name="PART-INFO">
37                     <xs:complexType>
38                         <xs:sequence>
39                             <xs:element name="PARTICIPANT" minOccurs="2" maxOccurs="unbounded">
40                                 <xs:annotation>
41                                     <xs:documentation>物流参与者至少要有2个</xs:documentation>
42                                 </xs:annotation>
43                                 <xs:complexType>
44                                     <xs:sequence>
45                                         <xs:element name="TYPE">
46                                             <xs:annotation>
47                                                 <xs:documentation>物流参考者类型，只能是A/S/C其中之一</xs:documentation>
48                                             </xs:annotation>
49                                             <xs:simpleType>
50                                                 <xs:restriction base="xs:string">
51                                                     <xs:enumeration value="C"/>
52                                                     <xs:enumeration value="S"/>
53                                                     <xs:enumeration value="A"/>
54                                                 </xs:restriction>
55                                             </xs:simpleType>
56                                         </xs:element>
57                                         <xs:element name="ADDRESS" type="AddressType"/>
58                                     </xs:sequence>
59                                 </xs:complexType>
60                             </xs:element>
61                         </xs:sequence>
62                     </xs:complexType>
63                 </xs:element>
64             </xs:sequence>
65         </xs:complexType>
66     </xs:element>
67     <xs:complexType name="AddressType">
68         <xs:sequence>
69             <xs:element name="Name" type="xs:string"/>
70             <xs:element name="Street" type="xs:string"/>
71             <xs:element name="City" type="xs:string"/>
72         </xs:sequence>
73     </xs:complexType>
74 </xs:schema>

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看到这一大段xml，第一反应通常是头晕，幸好这些内容不用纯手动编写，已经有很多现成的工具，比如XmlSpy可以方便的以GUI方式，通过轻点鼠标，拖拖拉拉就能完成XSD的开发。

这是XmlSpy中XSD的可视化设计界面，还能切换不同的视图，比如下面这样:

对于首次接触XmlSpy的朋友，强烈推荐看下安装目录下的Tutorial.pdf，这是一个不错的入门教程，30分钟以前绝对可以快速浏览一遍。

C#中可以方便的使用XSD来验证xml文件的正确性，示例代码如下：

 1 using System;
 2 using System.Xml;
 3 
 4 namespace XsdValidate
 5 {
 6     class Program
 7     {
 8         static void Main(string[] args)
 9         {
10             string xmlFile = @"C:\Users\jimmy.yang\Desktop\XMLSPY\TEST\sample.xml";
11             string xsdFile = @"C:\Users\jimmy.yang\Desktop\XMLSPY\TEST\sample.xsd";
12 
13             var xsdValidateResult = ValidateXml(xmlFile, xsdFile);
14 
15             if (xsdValidateResult.Item1)
16             {
17                 Console.WriteLine("校验通过！");
18             }
19             else
20             {
21                 Console.WriteLine("校验失败，原因:\n" + xsdValidateResult.Item2);
22             }
23             Console.Read();
24 
25         }
26 
27         /// <summary>
28         /// 使用xsd验证xml是否正确
29         /// </summary>
30         /// <param name="xmlFilePath">xml文件路径</param>
31         /// <param name="xsdFilePath">xsd文件路径</param>
32         /// <returns></returns>
33         static Tuple<bool, string> ValidateXml(string xmlFilePath, string xsdFilePath)
34         {
35             Tuple<bool, string> result = new Tuple<bool, string>(true, "");
36             XmlReaderSettings st = new XmlReaderSettings();
37             st.ValidationType = ValidationType.Schema;
38             st.Schemas.Add(null, xsdFilePath);
39 
40             //设置验证xml出错时的事件。
41             st.ValidationEventHandler += (obj, e) =>
42             {
43                 result = new Tuple<bool, string>(false, e.Message);
44             };
45 
46             XmlReader xr = XmlReader.Create(xmlFilePath, st);
47             while (xr.Read())
48             {
49                 if (xr.IsStartElement())
50                 {
51                     xr.Read();
52                 }
53             }
54             xr.Close();
55             return result;
56         }
57     }
58 }

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注意：如果节点采用pattern，即正则表达式验证，比如

<xs:restriction base="xs:string">
<xs:pattern value="^\d{8}$"></xs:pattern>
</xs:restriction>

XMLSpy中，该节点必须填写"^12345678$"才能验证通过，而如果用.NET/JAVA写代码验证的话，^、$能自动识别为"匹配字符开头/结尾"

XSD还能方便的生成c#类，有二种方法：

1、XMLSpy里先打开一个XSD文件，然后 DTD/Schema->Generate Program Code，接下来按提示操作即可

注：XMLSpy生成的c#类太过于复杂，我个人觉得有点啰嗦

2、直接使用vs.net自带的xsd命令

vs.net命令行下，输入

xsd "xsd文件所在的路径" /classes /out:"cs文件的输出目录"

即可生成对应的cs类，文中最开头的xsd生成的cs类代码如下：

  1 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  2 // <auto-generated>
  3 //     This code was generated by a tool.
  4 //     Runtime Version:4.0.30319.18331
  5 //
  6 //     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
  7 //     the code is regenerated.
  8 // </auto-generated>
  9 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 10 
 11 using System.Xml.Serialization;
 12 
 13 // 
 14 // This source code was auto-generated by xsd, Version=4.0.30319.1.
 15 // 
 16 
 17 
 18 /// <remarks/>
 19 [System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("xsd", "4.0.30319.1")]
 20 [System.SerializableAttribute()]
 21 [System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute()]
 22 [System.ComponentModel.DesignerCategoryAttribute("code")]
 23 [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlTypeAttribute(AnonymousType=true)]
 24 [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlRootAttribute(Namespace="", IsNullable=false)]
 25 public partial class AWB {
 26     
 27     private AWBAWBINFO aWBINFOField;
 28     
 29     private AWBPARTICIPANT[] pARTINFOField;
 30     
 31     /// <remarks/>
 32     [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlElementAttribute("AWB-INFO")]
 33     public AWBAWBINFO AWBINFO {
 34         get {
 35             return this.aWBINFOField;
 36         }
 37         set {
 38             this.aWBINFOField = value;
 39         }
 40     }
 41     
 42     /// <remarks/>
 43     [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlArrayAttribute("PART-INFO")]
 44     [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlArrayItemAttribute("PARTICIPANT", IsNullable=false)]
 45     public AWBPARTICIPANT[] PARTINFO {
 46         get {
 47             return this.pARTINFOField;
 48         }
 49         set {
 50             this.pARTINFOField = value;
 51         }
 52     }
 53 }
 54 
 55 /// <remarks/>
 56 [System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("xsd", "4.0.30319.1")]
 57 [System.SerializableAttribute()]
 58 [System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute()]
 59 [System.ComponentModel.DesignerCategoryAttribute("code")]
 60 [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlTypeAttribute(AnonymousType=true)]
 61 public partial class AWBAWBINFO {
 62     
 63     private string aWBPREField;
 64     
 65     private string aWBNOField;
 66     
 67     /// <remarks/>
 68     [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlElementAttribute(DataType="positiveInteger")]
 69     public string AWBPRE {
 70         get {
 71             return this.aWBPREField;
 72         }
 73         set {
 74             this.aWBPREField = value;
 75         }
 76     }
 77     
 78     /// <remarks/>
 79     [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlElementAttribute(DataType="positiveInteger")]
 80     public string AWBNO {
 81         get {
 82             return this.aWBNOField;
 83         }
 84         set {
 85             this.aWBNOField = value;
 86         }
 87     }
 88 }
 89 
 90 /// <remarks/>
 91 [System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("xsd", "4.0.30319.1")]
 92 [System.SerializableAttribute()]
 93 [System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute()]
 94 [System.ComponentModel.DesignerCategoryAttribute("code")]
 95 public partial class AddressType {
 96     
 97     private string nameField;
 98     
 99     private string streetField;
100     
101     private string cityField;
102     
103     /// <remarks/>
104     public string Name {
105         get {
106             return this.nameField;
107         }
108         set {
109             this.nameField = value;
110         }
111     }
112     
113     /// <remarks/>
114     public string Street {
115         get {
116             return this.streetField;
117         }
118         set {
119             this.streetField = value;
120         }
121     }
122     
123     /// <remarks/>
124     public string City {
125         get {
126             return this.cityField;
127         }
128         set {
129             this.cityField = value;
130         }
131     }
132 }
133 
134 /// <remarks/>
135 [System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("xsd", "4.0.30319.1")]
136 [System.SerializableAttribute()]
137 [System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute()]
138 [System.ComponentModel.DesignerCategoryAttribute("code")]
139 [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlTypeAttribute(AnonymousType=true)]
140 public partial class AWBPARTICIPANT {
141     
142     private AWBPARTICIPANTTYPE tYPEField;
143     
144     private AddressType aDDRESSField;
145     
146     /// <remarks/>
147     public AWBPARTICIPANTTYPE TYPE {
148         get {
149             return this.tYPEField;
150         }
151         set {
152             this.tYPEField = value;
153         }
154     }
155     
156     /// <remarks/>
157     public AddressType ADDRESS {
158         get {
159             return this.aDDRESSField;
160         }
161         set {
162             this.aDDRESSField = value;
163         }
164     }
165 }
166 
167 /// <remarks/>
168 [System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("xsd", "4.0.30319.1")]
169 [System.SerializableAttribute()]
170 [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlTypeAttribute(AnonymousType=true)]
171 public enum AWBPARTICIPANTTYPE {
172     
173     /// <remarks/>
174     C,
175     
176     /// <remarks/>
177     S,
178     
179     /// <remarks/>
180     A,
181 }

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xsd命令还能直接根据xml生成xsd文件，使用方法如下：

xsd c:\sampe.xml /out:c:\

这样会根据sample.xml在c:\生成sample.xsd文件

posted @ 2013-11-16 08:45 菩提树下的杨过阅读(10204) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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XmlSpy / XSD 以及验证