自学Python2.1-基本数据类型-字符串方法 下

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自学Python2.1-基本数据类型-字符串方法 下 

class str(object):
    """
    str(object='') -> str
    str(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> str
    
    Create a new string object from the given object. If encoding or
    errors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer
    that will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler.
    Otherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if defined)
    or repr(object).
    encoding defaults to sys.getdefaultencoding().
    errors defaults to 'strict'.
    """
    def capitalize(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.capitalize() -> str
        
        Return a capitalized version of S, i.e. make the first character
        have upper case and the rest lower case.
        """
        return ""

    def casefold(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.casefold() -> str
        
        Return a version of S suitable for caseless comparisons.
        """
        return ""

    def center(self, width, fillchar=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.center(width[, fillchar]) -> str
        
        Return S centered in a string of length width. Padding is
        done using the specified fill character (default is a space)
        """
        return ""

    def count(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
        
        Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in
        string S[start:end].  Optional arguments start and end are
        interpreted as in slice notation.
        """
        return 0

    def encode(self, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict'): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.encode(encoding='utf-8', errors='strict') -> bytes
        
        Encode S using the codec registered for encoding. Default encoding
        is 'utf-8'. errors may be given to set a different error
        handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
        a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and
        'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with
        codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.
        """
        return b""

    def endswith(self, suffix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool
        
        Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise.
        With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
        With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
        suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
        """
        return False

    def expandtabs(self, tabsize=8): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.expandtabs(tabsize=8) -> str
        
        Return a copy of S where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.
        If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.
        """
        return ""

    def find(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
        
        Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,
        such that sub is contained within S[start:end].  Optional
        arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
        
        Return -1 on failure.
        """
        return 0

    def format(self, *args, **kwargs): # known special case of str.format
        """
        S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> str
        
        Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs.
        The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}').
        """
        pass

    def format_map(self, mapping): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.format_map(mapping) -> str
        
        Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping.
        The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}').
        """
        return ""

    def index(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
        
        Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, 
        such that sub is contained within S[start:end].  Optional
        arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
        
        Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.
        """
        return 0

    def isalnum(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.isalnum() -> bool
        
        Return True if all characters in S are alphanumeric
        and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
        """
        return False

    def isalpha(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.isalpha() -> bool
        
        Return True if all characters in S are alphabetic
        and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
        """
        return False

    def isdecimal(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.isdecimal() -> bool
        
        Return True if there are only decimal characters in S,
        False otherwise.
        """
        return False

    def isdigit(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.isdigit() -> bool
        
        Return True if all characters in S are digits
        and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
        """
        return False

    def isidentifier(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.isidentifier() -> bool
        
        Return True if S is a valid identifier according
        to the language definition.
        
        Use keyword.iskeyword() to test for reserved identifiers
        such as "def" and "class".
        """
        return False

    def islower(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.islower() -> bool
        
        Return True if all cased characters in S are lowercase and there is
        at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.
        """
        return False

    def isnumeric(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.isnumeric() -> bool
        
        Return True if there are only numeric characters in S,
        False otherwise.
        """
        return False

    def isprintable(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.isprintable() -> bool
        
        Return True if all characters in S are considered
        printable in repr() or S is empty, False otherwise.
        """
        return False

    def isspace(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.isspace() -> bool
        
        Return True if all characters in S are whitespace
        and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
        """
        return False

    def istitle(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.istitle() -> bool
        
        Return True if S is a titlecased string and there is at least one
        character in S, i.e. upper- and titlecase characters may only
        follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones.
        Return False otherwise.
        """
        return False

    def isupper(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.isupper() -> bool
        
        Return True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there is
        at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.
        """
        return False

    def join(self, iterable): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.join(iterable) -> str
        
        Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the
        iterable.  The separator between elements is S.
        """
        return ""

    def ljust(self, width, fillchar=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.ljust(width[, fillchar]) -> str
        
        Return S left-justified in a Unicode string of length width. Padding is
        done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
        """
        return ""

    def lower(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.lower() -> str
        
        Return a copy of the string S converted to lowercase.
        """
        return ""

    def lstrip(self, chars=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.lstrip([chars]) -> str
        
        Return a copy of the string S with leading whitespace removed.
        If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
        """
        return ""

    def maketrans(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        Return a translation table usable for str.translate().
        
        If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode
        ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None.
        Character keys will be then converted to ordinals.
        If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and
        in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the
        character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it
        must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result.
        """
        pass

    def partition(self, sep): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.partition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)
        
        Search for the separator sep in S, and return the part before it,
        the separator itself, and the part after it.  If the separator is not
        found, return S and two empty strings.
        """
        pass

    def replace(self, old, new, count=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.replace(old, new[, count]) -> str
        
        Return a copy of S with all occurrences of substring
        old replaced by new.  If the optional argument count is
        given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
        """
        return ""

    def rfind(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
        
        Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,
        such that sub is contained within S[start:end].  Optional
        arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
        
        Return -1 on failure.
        """
        return 0

    def rindex(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
        
        Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,
        such that sub is contained within S[start:end].  Optional
        arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
        
        Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.
        """
        return 0

    def rjust(self, width, fillchar=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.rjust(width[, fillchar]) -> str
        
        Return S right-justified in a string of length width. Padding is
        done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
        """
        return ""

    def rpartition(self, sep): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.rpartition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)
        
        Search for the separator sep in S, starting at the end of S, and return
        the part before it, the separator itself, and the part after it.  If the
        separator is not found, return two empty strings and S.
        """
        pass

    def rsplit(self, sep=None, maxsplit=-1): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.rsplit(sep=None, maxsplit=-1) -> list of strings
        
        Return a list of the words in S, using sep as the
        delimiter string, starting at the end of the string and
        working to the front.  If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit
        splits are done. If sep is not specified, any whitespace string
        is a separator.
        """
        return []

    def rstrip(self, chars=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.rstrip([chars]) -> str
        
        Return a copy of the string S with trailing whitespace removed.
        If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
        """
        return ""

    def split(self, sep=None, maxsplit=-1): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.split(sep=None, maxsplit=-1) -> list of strings
        
        Return a list of the words in S, using sep as the
        delimiter string.  If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit
        splits are done. If sep is not specified or is None, any
        whitespace string is a separator and empty strings are
        removed from the result.
        """
        return []

    def splitlines(self, keepends=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.splitlines([keepends]) -> list of strings
        
        Return a list of the lines in S, breaking at line boundaries.
        Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends
        is given and true.
        """
        return []

    def startswith(self, prefix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool
        
        Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise.
        With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
        With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
        prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
        """
        return False

    def strip(self, chars=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.strip([chars]) -> str
        
        Return a copy of the string S with leading and trailing
        whitespace removed.
        If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
        """
        return ""

    def swapcase(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.swapcase() -> str
        
        Return a copy of S with uppercase characters converted to lowercase
        and vice versa.
        """
        return ""

    def title(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.title() -> str
        
        Return a titlecased version of S, i.e. words start with title case
        characters, all remaining cased characters have lower case.
        """
        return ""

    def translate(self, table): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.translate(table) -> str
        
        Return a copy of the string S in which each character has been mapped
        through the given translation table. The table must implement
        lookup/indexing via __getitem__, for instance a dictionary or list,
        mapping Unicode ordinals to Unicode ordinals, strings, or None. If
        this operation raises LookupError, the character is left untouched.
        Characters mapped to None are deleted.
        """
        return ""

    def upper(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.upper() -> str
        
        Return a copy of S converted to uppercase.
        """
        return ""

    def zfill(self, width): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.zfill(width) -> str
        
        Pad a numeric string S with zeros on the left, to fill a field
        of the specified width. The string S is never truncated.
        """
        return ""

    def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self+value. """
        pass

    def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return key in self. """
        pass

    def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self==value. """
        pass

    def __format__(self, format_spec): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.__format__(format_spec) -> str
        
        Return a formatted version of S as described by format_spec.
        """
        return ""

    def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return getattr(self, name). """
        pass

    def __getitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self[key]. """
        pass

    def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        pass

    def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self>=value. """
        pass

    def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self>value. """
        pass

    def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return hash(self). """
        pass

    def __init__(self, value='', encoding=None, errors='strict'): # known special case of str.__init__
        """
        str(object='') -> str
        str(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> str
        
        Create a new string object from the given object. If encoding or
        errors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer
        that will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler.
        Otherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if defined)
        or repr(object).
        encoding defaults to sys.getdefaultencoding().
        errors defaults to 'strict'.
        # (copied from class doc)
        """
        pass

    def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Implement iter(self). """
        pass

    def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return len(self). """
        pass

    def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self<=value. """
        pass

    def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self<value. """
        pass

    def __mod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self%value. """
        pass

    def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self*value.n """
        pass

    @staticmethod # known case of __new__
    def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Create and return a new object.  See help(type) for accurate signature. """
        pass

    def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self!=value. """
        pass

    def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return repr(self). """
        pass

    def __rmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return value%self. """
        pass

    def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self*value. """
        pass

    def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes """
        pass

    def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return str(self). """
        pass

1．返回第一个字母大写

      capitalize(...)

      S.capitalize() -> string

1 2 3 4

>>>a = 'shaw' >>> b = a.capitalize() >>> print b Shaw

2．按指定长度填充特定字符

      center(...)

      S.center(width[, fillchar]) -> string

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

>>> a = 'linux' >>> print a.center(7,'*') *linux* >>> print a.center(8,'*') *linux** >>> print a.center(9,'*') **linux**

3．查找某字符串出现的次数

      count(...)

      S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

>>> a = "this is my dog, i love this dog and it's a good dog!" >>> print a.count('dog') 3 >>> print a.count('dog',15) 2 >>> print a.count('dog',15,30)  #从15到30字符之间dog的此时 0 >>> print a.count('dog',15,32) 1

4.以指定的编码格式解码字符串。默认编码为字符串编码（适合python2中处理中文）

      decode(...)

      S.decode([encoding[,errors]]) ->object

1 2 3

b = 'strid' >>> b.decode('utf-8') u'strid'

5.用于判断字符串是否以指定后缀结尾，如果以指定后缀结尾返回True，否则返回False。可选参数"start"与"end"为检索字符串的开始与结束位置

    endswith(...)

    S.endswith(suffix[,start[, end]]) ->bool

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

>>> shaw = 'I am shaw,what\'s your name ?' >>> shaw.endswith('?') True >>> shaw.endswith('w',7,9) True >>> shaw.endswith('w',7,8) False

6.把字符串中的 tab 符号('\t')转为空格，tab 符号('\t')默认的空格数是8，tabsize -- 指定转换字符串中的 tab 符号('\t')转为空格的字符数。

    expandtabs(...)

    S.expandtabs([tabsize])-> string

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

>>> info = 'today is a good d\tay' >>> print info.expandtabs() today is a good d       ay >>> print info.expandtabs(4)   # 把tab装换成4个空格 today is a good d   ay         >>> printinfo.expandtabs(1) today is a good d ay          # 把tab装换成1个空格

7.检测字符串中是否包含子字符串 str ，如果指定 beg（开始）和 end（结束）范围，则检查是否包含在指定范围内，如果包含子字符串，则返回开始的索引值，否则返回-1。

    find(...)

    S.find(sub [,start [,end]])-> int

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

>>> a = 'stivenwang' >>> a.find('w') 6 >>> a.find('w',9) -1 >>> a.find('w',9,11) -1

8．格式换字符串输出（方法与%相似，但可以指定顺序）

    format(...)

    S.format(*args, **kwargs)-> string

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

>>> name = 'StivenWang' >>> fruit = 'apple' >>> print 'my name is {},I like {}'.format(name,fruit) my name is StivenWang,I like apple >>> print 'my name is {1},I like {0}'.format(fruit,name) my name is StivenWang,I like apple >>> print 'my name is {mingzi},I like{shuiguo}'.format(shuiguo=fruit,mingzi=name) my name is StivenWang,I like apple

9.检测字符串string中是否包含子字符串 str ，如果存在，则返回str在string中的索引值，如果指定beg（开始）和 end（结束）范围，则检查是否包含在指定范围内，该方法与 python find()方法一样，只不过如果str不在 string中会报一个异常(ValueError: substring not found)。

   index(...)

    S.index(sub [,start [,end]])-> int

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

>>> str1 = "this is string example....wow!!!" >>> str2 = "exam" >>> print str1.index(str2) 15 >>> print str1.index(str2,20) Traceback (most recent call last):   File "<input>",line 1, in <module> ValueError: substringnot found报错

10.检测字符串是否由字母或数字组成。

    isalnum(...)

    S.isalnum() -> bool

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

>>> a = '123' >>> a.isalnum() True >>> b = 'shaw' >>> b.isalnum() True >>> c = 'shaw123' >>> c.isalnum() True >>> d = 'th 123' >>> d.isalnum() False

11.检测字符串是否只由字母组成

    isalpha(...)

    S.isalpha() -> bool

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

>> a = '123' >>> a.isalpha() False >>> b = '123shaw' >>> b.isalpha() False >>> c = 'shaw' >>> c.isalpha() True >>> d = 'sha w' >>> d.isalpha() False

12.检测字符串是否只由数字组成。

    isdigit(...)

    S.isdigit() -> bool

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

>>> a = '123' >>> a.isdigit() True >>> b = 'shaw' >>> b.isdigit() False >>> c = '123shaw' >>> c.isdigit() False

13.检测字符串是否由小写字母组成。

    islower(...)

    S.islower() -> bool

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

>>> a = 'shaw' >>> a.islower() True >>> b = '123' >>> a.islower() True >>> c = '123shaw' >>> c.islower() True >>> d = 'SHAW' >>> d.islower() False >>> e = '123SHAW' >>> e.islower() False

14.检测字符串是否只由空格组成。

    isspace(...)

    S.isspace() -> bool

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

>>> a = ' ' >>> a.isspace() True >>> a = '123' >>> a.isspace() False >>> a = 'shaw' >>> a.isspace() False

15.检测字符串中所有的单词拼写首字母是否为大写，且其他字母为小写。

    istitle(...) 

    S.istitle() -> bool

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

>>> a = 'Shaw' >>> a.istitle() True >>> a = 'Shaw123' >>> a.istitle() True >>> a = '123' >>> a.istitle() False

16.检测字符串中所有的字母是否都为大写

    isupper(...)

      S.isupper() -> bool

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

>>> a = '123' >>> a.isupper() False >>> a = 'Shaw' >>> a.isupper() False >>> a = 'Shaw123' >>> a.isupper() False >>> a = 'SHAW123' >>> a.isupper() True

17.用于将序列中的元素以指定的字符连接生成一个新的字符串。

     join(...)

    S.join(iterable) ->string

1 2 3 4

>>> a = '-' >>> b = 'shaw' >>> print a.join(b) s-h-a-w

18.返回一个原字符串左对齐,并使用空格填充至指定长度的新字符串。如果指定的长度小于原字符串的长度则返回原字符串。

    ljust(...)

    S.ljust(width[, fillchar])-> string

    width -- 指定字符串长度

    fillchar -- 填充字符，默认为空格

1 2 3 4 5

>>> s = 'shaw' >>> s.ljust(10) 'shaw      ' >>> s.ljust(10,'8') 'shaw888888'

19.转换字符串中所有大写字符为小写。

    Lower(...)

    S.lower() -> string

1 2 3 4 5 6

>>> s = 'PYTHON' >>> s.lower() 'python' >>> s = 'PYTHON123' >>> s.lower() 'python123'

20.用于截掉字符串左边的空格或指定字符。

    lstrip(...)

    S.lstrip([chars]) ->string or unicode

1 2 3 4 5 6

>>> s = '%%%shaw' >>> s.lstrip('%') 'shaw' >>> s = '   shaw' >>> s.lstrip() 'shaw'

21.根据指定的分隔符将字符串进行分割（返回一个3元的元组，第一个为分隔符左边的子串，第二个为分隔符本身，第三个为分隔符右边的子串）

    partition(...)

    S.partition(sep) ->(head, sep, tail)

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>>> S = 'are you know:lilin is lowser' >>> S.partition('lilin') ('are you know:', 'lilin', ' is lowser')

22.把字符串中的 old（旧字符串）替换成 new(新字符串)，如果指定第三个参数max，则替换不超过 max 次。

    replace(...)

    S.replace(old, new[,count]) -> string

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>>> S = 'shaw' >>> S.replace('sh','LI') 'LIaw'

23.返回字符串最后一次出现的位置，如果没有匹配项则返回-1。

    rfind(...)

    S.rfind(sub [,start[,end]]) -> int

    str -- 查找的字符串

    beg -- 开始查找的位置，默认为0

    end -- 结束查找位置，默认为字符串的长度。

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>>> s = 'lilin is good li lao ban' >>> s.rfind('li') 14 >>> s.rfind('li',0,8) 2

24.返回子字符串 str 在字符串中最后出现的位置，如果没有匹配的字符串会报异常，你可以指定可选参数[beg:end]设置查找的区间。

    rindex(...)

    S.rindex(sub [,start[,end]]) -> int

    语法：

      str.rindex(str,beg=0 end=len(string))

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>>> s = 'my name is shaw' >>> s.rindex('s') 11 >>> s.rindex('s',5,10) 9 >>> s.rindex('s',2,8) Traceback (most recent call last):   File "<input>",line 1, in <module> ValueError: substring not found

25.返回的原/新字符串右对齐，且默认使用空格填充至指定长度（width）的新字符串。如果指定的长度（width）小于原字符串的长度则返回原字符串

    rjust(...)

    S.rjust(width[, fillchar])-> string

    语法：

      str.rjust(width[,fillchar])

       width -- 指定填充指定字符后新字符串的总长度.

       fillchar– 要填充的字符，默认为空格。

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>>> s = 'sch' >>> s.rjust(20) '                 sch' >>> s.rjust(20,'0') '00000000000000000sch' >>> s.rjust(20,'H') 'HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHsch'

26.删除 string 字符串末尾的指定字符（默认为空格）.

    rstrip(...)

    S.rstrip([chars]) ->string or unicode

    语法：

      str.rstrip([chars])

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>>> s = 'shaw\n' >>> s.rstrip('\n') 'shaw'

27.通过指定分隔符对字符串进行切片，如果参数num有指定值，则仅分隔 num 个子字符串

    split(...)

    S.split([sep [,maxsplit]])-> list ofstrings

    语法：

   str.split(str="",num=string.count(str)).

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>>> s = 'shaw\nlinux\nmac' >>> s.split('\n') ['shaw', 'linux', 'mac'] >>> s.split('\n',1) ['shaw', 'linux\nmac']

28.按照行分隔，返回一个包含各行作为元素的列表，如果 num 指定则仅切片 num 个行.

    splitlines(...)

    S.splitlines(keepends=False)-> list ofstrings

    语法：

      str.splitlines( num=string.count('\n'))

       num -- 分割行的次数。

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>>> s = 'what\'s your name?\n my name is shaw\n how old areyou?' >>> s.splitlines() ["what's your name?", ' my name is shaw', ' how old areyou?'] >>> s.splitlines(1) ["what's your name?\n", ' my name is shaw\n', ' how old areyou?'] >>> s.splitlines(3)

29.用于检查字符串是否是以指定子字符串开头，如果是则返回 True，否则返回 False。如果参数 beg 和 end指定值，则在指定范围内检查。

    startswith(...)

    S.startswith(prefix[,start[, end]]) ->bool

    语法：

    str.startswith(str,beg=0,end=len(string))

    str -- 检测的字符串。

    strbeg -- 可选参数用于设置字符串检测的起始位置。

    strend -- 可选参数用于设置字符串检测的结束位置。

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>>> s = 'my name is shaw' >>> s.startswith('my') True >>> s.startswith('my',10,15) False

30.用于移除字符串头尾指定的字符（默认为空格）。

    strip(...)

    S.strip([chars]) ->string or unicode

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>>> s = 'my name is sam' >>> s.strip('m') 'y name is sa'

31.用于对字符串的大小写字母进行转换(小写转大写，大写转小写)

    swapcase(...)

    S.swapcase() -> string

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>>> s = 'stiven' >>> s.swapcase() 'STIVEN' >>> s = 'SHAW' >>> s.swapcase() 'shaw'

32.返回"标题化"的字符串,就是说所有单词都是以大写开始，其余字母均为小写。

    title(...)

    S.title() -> string

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>>> s = 'my name is shaw' >>> s.title() 'My Name Is Shaw'

33.根据参数table给出的表(包含 256 个字符)转换字符串的字符, 并返回翻译后的字符串。要过滤掉的字符放到del 参数中

    translate(...)

    S.translate(table [,deletechars])->string

    语法：

      str.translate(table[, deletechars])

       table -- 翻译表，翻译表是通过maketrans方法转换而来。

      deletechars -- 字符串中要过滤的字符列表。

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>>> from string import maketrans suchas = maketrans('sm','@$') >>> s = 'this is sam\'s dog' >>> s "this is sam's dog" >>> s.translate(suchas) "thi@ i@ @a$'@ dog" >>> s.translate(suchas,'dog') 去除d,o,g字符 "thi@ i@ @a$'@ "

34.将字符串中的小写字母转为大写字母

    upper(...)

    S.upper() -> string

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>>> s = 'sam' >>> s.upper() 'SAM' >>> s = '23sam' >>> s.upper() '23SAM' >>> s = '23s am' >>> s.upper() '23S AM'