Ubuntu下多个版本OpenCV管理(Multiple Opencv version)

背景:

最近,在Nvidia的GPU嵌入式开发板Jetson TX1(简称TX1)上移植深度学习目标检测算法YOLO。在TX1上安装了官方提供的opencv版本——OpenCV4Tegra(OpenCV-2.4.12),但是使用该版本opencv VideoCapture在读取摄像头数据时出错,显示错误:

Unable to stop the stream.: Device or resource busy
Unable to stop the stream.: Bad file descriptor

使用Google试图找到解决方法,最后发现官方给出答案,只能重新安装Opencv3.0以上的 版本。我使用Nvidia论坛jkjung提供的方法安装OpenCV3.1.0。安装完成后,我使用的TX1 Ubuntu14.04上安装了两个版本的OpenCV, Opencv-2.4.12和Opencv-3.1.0。因此,我面临着如何在程序中指定使用期望版本的OpenCV,即Ubuntu下多个版本Opencv管理的问题。

解决方案:

现在讨论Ubuntu14.04下分别使用CMake和Makefile编译运行带Opencv程序的两种解决方案。

1. CMake下指定Opencv版本

关键文件:OpenCVConfig.cmake。在opencv编译好后,所在目录中一般会有一个叫OpenCVConfig.cmake的文件,这个文件中指定了CMake要去哪里找OpenCV,其.h文件在哪里等,比如其中一行:

# Provide the include directories to the caller
set(OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS "/home/ubuntu/src/opencv-3.1.0/build" "/home/ubuntu/src/opencv-3.1.0/include" "/home/ubuntu/src/opencv-3.1.0/include/opencv")

只要让CMake找到这个文件,这个文件就指定了Opencv的所有路径,因此设置OpenCV_DIR为包含OpenCVConfig.cmake的目录,如在我的C++工程CMakeLists.txt中添加

set(OpenCV_DIR "/home/ubuntu/src/opencv-3.1.0/build")

我的OpenCVConfig.cmake在

/home/ubuntu/src/opencv-3.1.0/build

注意,将其添加在project(MyProjectName)之前。

如CMakeLists.txt内容如下:

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
set(OpenCV_DIR "/home/ubuntu/src/opencv-3.1.0/build")
project( camera )
find_package( OpenCV REQUIRED )
add_executable( camera camera.cpp )
target_link_libraries( camera ${OpenCV_LIBS} )

因此,我们期望使用哪个版本的Opencv,只要找到对应的OpenCVConfig.cmake文件,并且将其路径添加到工程的CMakeLists.txt中即可了。

2. Makefile下指定Opencv版本

关键文件:opencv.pc 。在Makefile下,应该是可以在其中详细设定Opencv路径,要使用到哪些库等等(我没有仔细学习过Makefile的使用)。在此,我想介绍一种简单的在Makefile下指定期望使用的Opencv版本的方法,该方法借助linux下pkg-config命令。

我们常常使用pkg-config --modversion 来查看指定库的版本,比如查看opencv版本pkg-config --modversion opencv。其实pkg-config显示的信息来自于这个库对应的.pc文件,比如安装了opencv后,我们可以在/usr/lib/pkg-config/ 文件夹下找到opencv.pc,内容如下:

# Package Information for pkg-config

prefix=/usr
exec_prefix=${prefix}
libdir=${exec_prefix}/lib
includedir_old=${prefix}/include/opencv
includedir_new=${prefix}/include

Name: OpenCV
Description: Open Source Computer Vision Library
Version: 2.4.12.2
Libs: -L${exec_prefix}/lib -lopencv_calib3d -lopencv_contrib -lopencv_core -lopencv_features2d -lopencv_flann -lopencv_gpu -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_legacy -lopencv_ml -lopencv_objdetect -lopencv_photo -lopencv_stitching -lopencv_superres -lopencv_ts -lopencv_video -lopencv_videostab -lopencv_detection_based_tracker -lopencv_esm_panorama -lopencv_facedetect -lopencv_imuvstab -lopencv_tegra -lopencv_vstab -L/usr/local/cuda-7.0/targets/armv7-linux-gnueabihf/lib -lcufft -lnpps -lnppi -lnppc -lcudart -ltbb -lrt -lpthread -lm -ldl
Cflags: -I${includedir_old} -I${includedir_new}

当然,我们也可以使用

pkg-config --cflags opencv
pkg-config --libs opencv

分别查看opencv库的包含目录(include/, .h)和库名称(.so)。在Makefile中,可以通过以上命令设定opencv库相关目录。如下:

COMMON+= -DOPENCV
CFLAGS+= -DOPENCV
LDFLAGS+= `pkg-config --libs opencv`
COMMON+= `pkg-config --cflags opencv`

此时Makefile对应的工程使用的opencv库即为opencv.pc文件中所指的版本。本例中为2.4.12.2。

那么可以容易想到,如果我在/usr/lib/pkgconfig文件夹目录下添加opencv-3.1.0.pc文件,是否就可以将版本指向opencv-3.1.0l了呢?答案是肯定的。

我在编译opencv-3.1.0的编译目录下/home/ubuntu/src/opencv-3.1.0/build/目录下找到了unix-install/opencv.pc文件,其内容如下:

# Package Information for pkg-config

prefix=/home/ubuntu/opencv-3.1.0
exec_prefix=${prefix}
libdir=${exec_prefix}/lib
includedir_old=${prefix}/include/opencv
includedir_new=${prefix}/include

Name: OpenCV
Description: Open Source Computer Vision Library
Version: 3.1.0
Libs: -L${exec_prefix}/lib -lopencv_cudabgsegm -lopencv_cudaobjdetect -lopencv_cudastereo -lopencv_shape -lopencv_stitching -lopencv_cudafeatures2d -lopencv_superres -lopencv_cudacodec -lopencv_videostab -lopencv_cudaoptflow -lopencv_cudalegacy -lopencv_calib3d -lopencv_features2d -lopencv_objdetect -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_videoio -lopencv_photo -lopencv_imgcodecs -lopencv_cudawarping -lopencv_cudaimgproc -lopencv_cudafilters -lopencv_video -lopencv_ml -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_flann -lopencv_cudaarithm -lopencv_core -lopencv_cudev

我发现其中的路径是不太准确的,更正为:

# Package Information for pkg-config

prefix=/home/ubuntu/src/opencv-3.1.0
exec_prefix=${prefix}/build
libdir=${exec_prefix}/lib
includedir_old=${prefix}/include/opencv
includedir_new=${prefix}/include

Name: OpenCV
Description: Open Source Computer Vision Library
Version: 3.1.0
Libs: -L${exec_prefix}/lib -lopencv_cudabgsegm -lopencv_cudaobjdetect -lopencv_cudastereo -lopencv_shape -lopencv_stitching -lopencv_cudafeatures2d -lopencv_superres -lopencv_cudacodec -lopencv_videostab -lopencv_cudaoptflow -lopencv_cudalegacy -lopencv_calib3d -lopencv_features2d -lopencv_objdetect -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_videoio -lopencv_photo -lopencv_imgcodecs -lopencv_cudawarping -lopencv_cudaimgproc -lopencv_cudafilters -lopencv_video -lopencv_ml -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_flann -lopencv_cudaarithm -lopencv_core -lopencv_cudev

并将其拷贝到/usr/lib/pkgconfig目录下,并重命名为opencv-3.1.0.pc,将原来的opencv.pc重命名为opencv-2.4.12.pc。

那么当我期望使用opencv-3.1.0时,Makefile中为:

COMMON+= -DOPENCV
CFLAGS+= -DOPENCV
LDFLAGS+= `pkg-config --libs opencv-3.1.0`
COMMON+= `pkg-config --cflags opencv-3.1.0`

当我期望使用opencv-2.4.12时,Makefile中为:

COMMON+= -DOPENCV
CFLAGS+= -DOPENCV
LDFLAGS+= `pkg-config --libs opencv-2.4.12`
COMMON+= `pkg-config --cflags opencv-2.4.12`

从而实现了多个版本OpenCV的使用。

备注:

运行make之后,运行可执行程序时,可能会提示找不到库的错误(not find libopencv-core.so.3.1之类),那时因为动态库目录不在程序搜索库目录的路径下,系统默认的动态库搜索路径有/usr/local/lib等,OpenCV4Tegra(opencv-2.4.12)生成的库都在/usr/local/lib目录,但opencv-3.1.0的库在/home/ubuntu/src/opencv-3.1.0/build/lib中,不在搜索路径中,因此,只需要添加其为搜索路径即可。添加方法为/etc/ld.so.conf.d/libc.conf中添加/home/ubuntu/src/opencv-3.1.0/build/lib。libc.conf文件内容如下:

# libc default configuration
/usr/local/lib
/home/ubuntu/src/opencv-3.1.0/build/lib

 

posted @ 2016-06-03 15:09  Eastern Sunrise  阅读(15838)  评论(2编辑  收藏  举报