设计模式学习笔记:状态模式
本文主要包括四部分:1、状态模式的基本定义;2、适用场景;3、类结构图;4、代码示例
一、定义
State:允许一个对象在其内部状态改变时改变它的行为。对象看起来似乎修改了它所属的类
二、适用场景:
1.一个对象的行为取决于它的状态,并且它必须在运行时刻根据状态改变它的行为。
2.一个操作中含有庞大的分支结构,并且这些分支决定于对象的状态。
三、类结构图:
四、示例
一个人考试成绩单,不同成绩的不同表现。
五、代码
创建学生对象:
View Code
1 using System;
2 using System.Collections.Generic;
3 using System.Linq;
4 using System.Text;
5
6 namespace y.StatePatternExample
7 {
8 internal class Student
9 {
10 int grade = 0;
11 GradeReport objGradeReport = null;
12 string name = string.Empty;
13 private Student()
14 { }
15
16 internal Student(string name, GradeReport gradeReport)
17 {
18 this.name = name;
19 this.objGradeReport = gradeReport;
20 }
21
22 internal int Grade
23 {
24 get { return grade; }
25 set { grade = value; }
26 }
27
28 internal string Name
29 {
30 get { return name; }
31 set { name = value; }
32 }
33
34 internal void SetGradeReport(GradeReport objGradeReport)
35 {
36 this.objGradeReport = objGradeReport;
37 }
38
39 internal void ShowMark()
40 {
41 objGradeReport.ShowGrade(this);
42 }
43
44 }
45 }
2 using System.Collections.Generic;
3 using System.Linq;
4 using System.Text;
5
6 namespace y.StatePatternExample
7 {
8 internal class Student
9 {
10 int grade = 0;
11 GradeReport objGradeReport = null;
12 string name = string.Empty;
13 private Student()
14 { }
15
16 internal Student(string name, GradeReport gradeReport)
17 {
18 this.name = name;
19 this.objGradeReport = gradeReport;
20 }
21
22 internal int Grade
23 {
24 get { return grade; }
25 set { grade = value; }
26 }
27
28 internal string Name
29 {
30 get { return name; }
31 set { name = value; }
32 }
33
34 internal void SetGradeReport(GradeReport objGradeReport)
35 {
36 this.objGradeReport = objGradeReport;
37 }
38
39 internal void ShowMark()
40 {
41 objGradeReport.ShowGrade(this);
42 }
43
44 }
45 }
不同成绩类:
View Code
1 using System;
2 using System.Collections.Generic;
3 using System.Linq;
4 using System.Text;
5
6 namespace y.StatePatternExample
7 {
8 abstract class GradeReport
9 {
10 abstract internal void ShowGrade(Student student);
11 }
12 }
2 using System.Collections.Generic;
3 using System.Linq;
4 using System.Text;
5
6 namespace y.StatePatternExample
7 {
8 abstract class GradeReport
9 {
10 abstract internal void ShowGrade(Student student);
11 }
12 }
View Code
1 using System;
2 using System.Collections.Generic;
3 using System.Linq;
4 using System.Text;
5
6 namespace y.StatePatternExample
7 {
8 internal class FailReport:GradeReport
9 {
10 internal override void ShowGrade(Student student)
11 {
12 if (student.Grade < 60)
13 {
14 Console.WriteLine("成绩单:不及格。需要勤家努力");
15 }
16 else
17 {
18 student.SetGradeReport(new CommonReport());
19 student.ShowMark();
20 }
21 }
22 }
23 }
2 using System.Collections.Generic;
3 using System.Linq;
4 using System.Text;
5
6 namespace y.StatePatternExample
7 {
8 internal class FailReport:GradeReport
9 {
10 internal override void ShowGrade(Student student)
11 {
12 if (student.Grade < 60)
13 {
14 Console.WriteLine("成绩单:不及格。需要勤家努力");
15 }
16 else
17 {
18 student.SetGradeReport(new CommonReport());
19 student.ShowMark();
20 }
21 }
22 }
23 }
View Code
1 using System;
2 using System.Collections.Generic;
3 using System.Linq;
4 using System.Text;
5
6 namespace y.StatePatternExample
7 {
8 internal class GoodReport:GradeReport
9 {
10 internal override void ShowGrade(Student student)
11 {
12
13 Console.WriteLine("成绩单:良好。可以睡觉了");
14
15 }
16 }
17 }
2 using System.Collections.Generic;
3 using System.Linq;
4 using System.Text;
5
6 namespace y.StatePatternExample
7 {
8 internal class GoodReport:GradeReport
9 {
10 internal override void ShowGrade(Student student)
11 {
12
13 Console.WriteLine("成绩单:良好。可以睡觉了");
14
15 }
16 }
17 }
View Code
1 using System;
2 using System.Collections.Generic;
3 using System.Linq;
4 using System.Text;
5
6 namespace y.StatePatternExample
7 {
8 internal class CommonReport:GradeReport
9 {
10 internal override void ShowGrade(Student student)
11 {
12 if (student.Grade < 80)
13 {
14 Console.WriteLine("成绩单:一般。继续玩玩打打");
15 }
16 else
17 {
18 student.SetGradeReport(new GoodReport());
19 student.ShowMark();
20 }
21 }
22 }
23 }
2 using System.Collections.Generic;
3 using System.Linq;
4 using System.Text;
5
6 namespace y.StatePatternExample
7 {
8 internal class CommonReport:GradeReport
9 {
10 internal override void ShowGrade(Student student)
11 {
12 if (student.Grade < 80)
13 {
14 Console.WriteLine("成绩单:一般。继续玩玩打打");
15 }
16 else
17 {
18 student.SetGradeReport(new GoodReport());
19 student.ShowMark();
20 }
21 }
22 }
23 }
主程序:
View Code
1 using System;
2 using System.Collections.Generic;
3 using System.Linq;
4 using System.Text;
5
6 namespace y.StatePatternExample
7 {
8 class Program
9 {
10 static void Main(string[] args)
11 {
12 Console.Title = "成绩显示结果";
13 Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit program.\r\n");
14 Student student = new Student("诸葛亮",new FailReport());
15
16 Console.WriteLine("{0}参加英语考试:\r\n", student.Name);
17 student.Grade = 30;
18 Console.WriteLine("第一次考试成绩:{0}", student.Grade);
19 student.ShowMark();
20 student.Grade = 70;
21 Console.WriteLine("第二次考试成绩:{0}", student.Grade);
22 student.ShowMark();
23 student.Grade = 90;
24 Console.WriteLine("第三次考试成绩:{0}", student.Grade);
25 student.ShowMark();
26
27 Console.ReadKey();
28 }
29 }
30 }
2 using System.Collections.Generic;
3 using System.Linq;
4 using System.Text;
5
6 namespace y.StatePatternExample
7 {
8 class Program
9 {
10 static void Main(string[] args)
11 {
12 Console.Title = "成绩显示结果";
13 Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit program.\r\n");
14 Student student = new Student("诸葛亮",new FailReport());
15
16 Console.WriteLine("{0}参加英语考试:\r\n", student.Name);
17 student.Grade = 30;
18 Console.WriteLine("第一次考试成绩:{0}", student.Grade);
19 student.ShowMark();
20 student.Grade = 70;
21 Console.WriteLine("第二次考试成绩:{0}", student.Grade);
22 student.ShowMark();
23 student.Grade = 90;
24 Console.WriteLine("第三次考试成绩:{0}", student.Grade);
25 student.ShowMark();
26
27 Console.ReadKey();
28 }
29 }
30 }
参考文献:
http://baike.baidu.com/view/3589977.htm
《大话设计模式》