C# 访问USB(HID)设备
二话不说，直接给代码，如果您真想做这方面的东西，还是稍微研究下，没有现成的好类用，就需要自己了解其原理
//引用空间
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Threading;
using System.Collections;
using System.IO;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Threading;
using System.Collections;
using System.IO;
//以下是调用windows的API的函数
//获得GUID
[DllImport("hid.dll")]
public static extern void HidD_GetHidGuid(ref Guid HidGuid);
Guid guidHID = Guid.Empty;
//过滤设备，获取需要的设备
[DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern IntPtr SetupDiGetClassDevs(ref Guid ClassGuid, uint Enumerator, IntPtr HwndParent, DIGCF Flags);
IntPtr hDevInfo;
//获取设备，true获取到
[DllImport("setupapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
public static extern Boolean SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(IntPtr hDevInfo, IntPtr devInfo, ref Guid interfaceClassGuid, UInt32 memberIndex, ref SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA deviceInterfaceData);
public struct SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA
{
public int cbSize ;
public Guid interfaceClassGuid;
public int flags;
public int reserved;
}
// 获取接口的详细信息 必须调用两次 第1次返回长度 第2次获取数据
[DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
private static extern bool SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(IntPtr deviceInfoSet, ref SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA deviceInterfaceData, IntPtr deviceInterfaceDetailData,
int deviceInterfaceDetailDataSize, ref int requiredSize, SP_DEVINFO_DATA deviceInfoData);
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public class SP_DEVINFO_DATA
{
public int cbSize = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(SP_DEVINFO_DATA));
public Guid classGuid = Guid.Empty; // temp
public int devInst = 0; // dumy
public int reserved = 0;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 2)]
internal struct SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA
{
internal int cbSize;
internal short devicePath;
}
public enum DIGCF
{
DIGCF_DEFAULT = 0x1,
DIGCF_PRESENT = 0x2,
DIGCF_ALLCLASSES = 0x4,
DIGCF_PROFILE = 0x8,
DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE = 0x10
}
//获取设备文件
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
private static extern int CreateFile(
string lpFileName, // file name
uint dwDesiredAccess, // access mode
uint dwShareMode, // share mode
uint lpSecurityAttributes, // SD
uint dwCreationDisposition, // how to create
uint dwFlagsAndAttributes, // file attributes
uint hTemplateFile // handle to template file
);
//读取设备文件
[DllImport("Kernel32.dll",SetLastError = true)]
private static extern bool ReadFile
(
IntPtr hFile,
byte[] lpBuffer,
uint nNumberOfBytesToRead,
ref uint lpNumberOfBytesRead,
IntPtr lpOverlapped
);
//释放设备
[DllImport("hid.dll")]
static public extern bool HidD_FreePreparsedData(ref IntPtr PreparsedData);
//关闭访问设备句柄，结束进程的时候把这个加上保险点
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
static public extern int CloseHandle(int hObject);
//获得GUID
[DllImport("hid.dll")]
public static extern void HidD_GetHidGuid(ref Guid HidGuid);
Guid guidHID = Guid.Empty;
//过滤设备，获取需要的设备
[DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern IntPtr SetupDiGetClassDevs(ref Guid ClassGuid, uint Enumerator, IntPtr HwndParent, DIGCF Flags);
IntPtr hDevInfo;
//获取设备，true获取到
[DllImport("setupapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
public static extern Boolean SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(IntPtr hDevInfo, IntPtr devInfo, ref Guid interfaceClassGuid, UInt32 memberIndex, ref SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA deviceInterfaceData);
public struct SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA
{
public int cbSize ;
public Guid interfaceClassGuid;
public int flags;
public int reserved;
}
// 获取接口的详细信息 必须调用两次 第1次返回长度 第2次获取数据
[DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
private static extern bool SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(IntPtr deviceInfoSet, ref SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA deviceInterfaceData, IntPtr deviceInterfaceDetailData,
int deviceInterfaceDetailDataSize, ref int requiredSize, SP_DEVINFO_DATA deviceInfoData);
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public class SP_DEVINFO_DATA
{
public int cbSize = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(SP_DEVINFO_DATA));
public Guid classGuid = Guid.Empty; // temp
public int devInst = 0; // dumy
public int reserved = 0;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 2)]
internal struct SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA
{
internal int cbSize;
internal short devicePath;
}
public enum DIGCF
{
DIGCF_DEFAULT = 0x1,
DIGCF_PRESENT = 0x2,
DIGCF_ALLCLASSES = 0x4,
DIGCF_PROFILE = 0x8,
DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE = 0x10
}
//获取设备文件
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
private static extern int CreateFile(
string lpFileName, // file name
uint dwDesiredAccess, // access mode
uint dwShareMode, // share mode
uint lpSecurityAttributes, // SD
uint dwCreationDisposition, // how to create
uint dwFlagsAndAttributes, // file attributes
uint hTemplateFile // handle to template file
);
//读取设备文件
[DllImport("Kernel32.dll",SetLastError = true)]
private static extern bool ReadFile
(
IntPtr hFile,
byte[] lpBuffer,
uint nNumberOfBytesToRead,
ref uint lpNumberOfBytesRead,
IntPtr lpOverlapped
);
//释放设备
[DllImport("hid.dll")]
static public extern bool HidD_FreePreparsedData(ref IntPtr PreparsedData);
//关闭访问设备句柄，结束进程的时候把这个加上保险点
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
static public extern int CloseHandle(int hObject);
接下来是访问设备的代码
//代码暂时没有整理，传入参数是设备序号,
//有些USB设备其实有很多HID设备，就是一个接口上有几个设备，这个时候需要
//用index++来逐个循环，直到获取设备返回false后，跳出去，把获取的设备
//路径全记录下来就好了，我这里知道具体设备号，所以没有循环，浪费我时间
//定于句柄序号和一些参数，具体可以去网上找这些API的参数说明，后文我看能不能把资料也写上去
int HidHandle = -1;
public const uint GENERIC_READ = 0x80000000;
public const uint GENERIC_WRITE = 0x40000000;
public const uint FILE_SHARE_READ= 0x00000001;
public const uint FILE_SHARE_WRITE = 0x00000002;
public const int OPEN_EXISTING = 3;
private void UsBMethod(int index)
{
HidD_GetHidGuid(ref guidHID);
hDevInfo = SetupDiGetClassDevs(ref guidHID, 0, IntPtr.Zero, DIGCF.DIGCF_PRESENT | DIGCF.DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE);
int bufferSize = 0;
ArrayList HIDUSBAddress = new ArrayList();
//while (true)
//{
//获取设备，true获取到
SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA DeviceInterfaceData = new SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA();
DeviceInterfaceData.cbSize = Marshal.SizeOf(DeviceInterfaceData);
//for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
//{
bool result = SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(hDevInfo, IntPtr.Zero, ref guidHID, (UInt32)index, ref DeviceInterfaceData);
//}
//第一次调用出错，但可以返回正确的Size
SP_DEVINFO_DATA strtInterfaceData = new SP_DEVINFO_DATA();
result = SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(hDevInfo, ref DeviceInterfaceData, IntPtr.Zero, 0, ref bufferSize, strtInterfaceData);
//第二次调用传递返回值，调用即可成功
IntPtr detailDataBuffer = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(bufferSize);
SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA detailData = new SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA();
detailData.cbSize = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA));
Marshal.StructureToPtr(detailData, detailDataBuffer, false);
result = SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(hDevInfo, ref DeviceInterfaceData, detailDataBuffer, bufferSize, ref bufferSize, strtInterfaceData);
if (result == false)
{
//break;
}
//获取设备路径访
IntPtr pdevicePathName = (IntPtr)((int)detailDataBuffer + 4);
string devicePathName = Marshal.PtrToStringAuto(pdevicePathName);
HIDUSBAddress.Add(devicePathName);
//index++;
//break;
//}
//连接设备文件
int aa = CT_CreateFile(devicePathName);
bool bb = USBDataRead(HidHandle);
}
//建立和设备的连接
public unsafe int CT_CreateFile(string DeviceName)
{
HidHandle = CreateFile(
DeviceName,
GENERIC_READ,// | GENERIC_WRITE,//读写，或者一起
FILE_SHARE_READ,// | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,//共享读写，或者一起
0,
OPEN_EXISTING,
0,
0);
if (HidHandle == -1)
{
return 0;
}
else
{
return 1;
}
}
//根据CreateFile拿到的设备handle访问文件，并返回数据
public unsafe bool USBDataRead(int handle)
{
while (true)
{
uint read = 0;
//注意字节的长度，我这里写的是8位，其实可以通过API获取具体的长度，这样安全点，
//具体方法我知道，但是没有写，过几天整理完代码，一起给出来
Byte[] m_rd_data = new Byte[8];
bool isread = ReadFile((IntPtr)handle, m_rd_data, (uint)8, ref read, IntPtr.Zero);
//这里已经是拿到的数据了
Byte[] m_rd_dataout = new Byte[read];
Array.Copy(m_rd_data, m_rd_dataout, read);
}
}
//有些USB设备其实有很多HID设备，就是一个接口上有几个设备，这个时候需要
//用index++来逐个循环，直到获取设备返回false后，跳出去，把获取的设备
//路径全记录下来就好了，我这里知道具体设备号，所以没有循环，浪费我时间
//定于句柄序号和一些参数，具体可以去网上找这些API的参数说明，后文我看能不能把资料也写上去
int HidHandle = -1;
public const uint GENERIC_READ = 0x80000000;
public const uint GENERIC_WRITE = 0x40000000;
public const uint FILE_SHARE_READ= 0x00000001;
public const uint FILE_SHARE_WRITE = 0x00000002;
public const int OPEN_EXISTING = 3;
private void UsBMethod(int index)
{
HidD_GetHidGuid(ref guidHID);
hDevInfo = SetupDiGetClassDevs(ref guidHID, 0, IntPtr.Zero, DIGCF.DIGCF_PRESENT | DIGCF.DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE);
int bufferSize = 0;
ArrayList HIDUSBAddress = new ArrayList();
//while (true)
//{
//获取设备，true获取到
SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA DeviceInterfaceData = new SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA();
DeviceInterfaceData.cbSize = Marshal.SizeOf(DeviceInterfaceData);
//for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
//{
bool result = SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(hDevInfo, IntPtr.Zero, ref guidHID, (UInt32)index, ref DeviceInterfaceData);
//}
//第一次调用出错，但可以返回正确的Size
SP_DEVINFO_DATA strtInterfaceData = new SP_DEVINFO_DATA();
result = SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(hDevInfo, ref DeviceInterfaceData, IntPtr.Zero, 0, ref bufferSize, strtInterfaceData);
//第二次调用传递返回值，调用即可成功
IntPtr detailDataBuffer = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(bufferSize);
SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA detailData = new SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA();
detailData.cbSize = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA));
Marshal.StructureToPtr(detailData, detailDataBuffer, false);
result = SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(hDevInfo, ref DeviceInterfaceData, detailDataBuffer, bufferSize, ref bufferSize, strtInterfaceData);
if (result == false)
{
//break;
}
//获取设备路径访
IntPtr pdevicePathName = (IntPtr)((int)detailDataBuffer + 4);
string devicePathName = Marshal.PtrToStringAuto(pdevicePathName);
HIDUSBAddress.Add(devicePathName);
//index++;
//break;
//}
//连接设备文件
int aa = CT_CreateFile(devicePathName);
bool bb = USBDataRead(HidHandle);
}
//建立和设备的连接
public unsafe int CT_CreateFile(string DeviceName)
{
HidHandle = CreateFile(
DeviceName,
GENERIC_READ,// | GENERIC_WRITE,//读写，或者一起
FILE_SHARE_READ,// | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,//共享读写，或者一起
0,
OPEN_EXISTING,
0,
0);
if (HidHandle == -1)
{
return 0;
}
else
{
return 1;
}
}
//根据CreateFile拿到的设备handle访问文件，并返回数据
public unsafe bool USBDataRead(int handle)
{
while (true)
{
uint read = 0;
//注意字节的长度，我这里写的是8位，其实可以通过API获取具体的长度，这样安全点，
//具体方法我知道，但是没有写，过几天整理完代码，一起给出来
Byte[] m_rd_data = new Byte[8];
bool isread = ReadFile((IntPtr)handle, m_rd_data, (uint)8, ref read, IntPtr.Zero);
//这里已经是拿到的数据了
Byte[] m_rd_dataout = new Byte[read];
Array.Copy(m_rd_data, m_rd_dataout, read);
}
}
OK，如果只是获取USB传过来的数据，这里已经足够了，但是有点要注意，2000和XP如果要获取HID键盘和鼠标的数据，readfile是不行的，；
在Win2000和WinXP下不能用CreateFile+ReadFile/WriteFile的方式来读写标准鼠标和标准键盘的数据，因为它们是系统独占的（Exlusive）。
如果你是其他HID类设备，比如游戏手柄或者自定义HID设备，都可以用上面的方式来收发数据，
怎么访问我暂时也不知道，估计要用它方法，看到有些软件是用截取的手段，估计是用钩子了吧。。
还有获取报文长度的代码，如果不确定报文长度，或者为了驱动适应变化，就用一下代码来确定报文的长度
//获取设备具体信息
[DllImport("hid.dll", SetLastError = true)]
private unsafe static extern int HidP_GetCaps(
int pPHIDP_PREPARSED_DATA, // IN PHIDP_PREPARSED_DATA PreparsedData,
ref HIDP_CAPS myPHIDP_CAPS); // OUT PHIDP_CAPS Capabilities
[DllImport("hid.dll", SetLastError = true)]
private unsafe static extern int HidD_GetPreparsedData(
int hObject, // IN HANDLE HidDeviceObject,
ref int pPHIDP_PREPARSED_DATA);
// HIDP_CAPS
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public unsafe struct HIDP_CAPS
{
public System.UInt16 Usage; // USHORT
public System.UInt16 UsagePage; // USHORT
public System.UInt16 InputReportByteLength;
public System.UInt16 OutputReportByteLength;
public System.UInt16 FeatureReportByteLength;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 17)]
public System.UInt16[] Reserved; // USHORT Reserved[17];
public System.UInt16 NumberLinkCollectionNodes;
public System.UInt16 NumberInputButtonCaps;
public System.UInt16 NumberInputValueCaps;
public System.UInt16 NumberInputDataIndices;
public System.UInt16 NumberOutputButtonCaps;
public System.UInt16 NumberOutputValueCaps;
public System.UInt16 NumberOutputDataIndices;
public System.UInt16 NumberFeatureButtonCaps;
public System.UInt16 NumberFeatureValueCaps;
public System.UInt16 NumberFeatureDataIndices;
}
int reportLength = 8;
//获取设备发送的字节的长度(也有其他信息)
int myPtrToPreparsedData = -1;
int result1 = HidD_GetPreparsedData(handle, ref myPtrToPreparsedData);
HIDP_CAPS myHIDP_CAPS = new HIDP_CAPS();
int result2 = HidP_GetCaps(myPtrToPreparsedData, ref myHIDP_CAPS);
reportLength = myHIDP_CAPS.InputReportByteLength;
[DllImport("hid.dll", SetLastError = true)]
private unsafe static extern int HidP_GetCaps(
int pPHIDP_PREPARSED_DATA, // IN PHIDP_PREPARSED_DATA PreparsedData,
ref HIDP_CAPS myPHIDP_CAPS); // OUT PHIDP_CAPS Capabilities
[DllImport("hid.dll", SetLastError = true)]
private unsafe static extern int HidD_GetPreparsedData(
int hObject, // IN HANDLE HidDeviceObject,
ref int pPHIDP_PREPARSED_DATA);
// HIDP_CAPS
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public unsafe struct HIDP_CAPS
{
public System.UInt16 Usage; // USHORT
public System.UInt16 UsagePage; // USHORT
public System.UInt16 InputReportByteLength;
public System.UInt16 OutputReportByteLength;
public System.UInt16 FeatureReportByteLength;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 17)]
public System.UInt16[] Reserved; // USHORT Reserved[17];
public System.UInt16 NumberLinkCollectionNodes;
public System.UInt16 NumberInputButtonCaps;
public System.UInt16 NumberInputValueCaps;
public System.UInt16 NumberInputDataIndices;
public System.UInt16 NumberOutputButtonCaps;
public System.UInt16 NumberOutputValueCaps;
public System.UInt16 NumberOutputDataIndices;
public System.UInt16 NumberFeatureButtonCaps;
public System.UInt16 NumberFeatureValueCaps;
public System.UInt16 NumberFeatureDataIndices;
}
int reportLength = 8;
//获取设备发送的字节的长度(也有其他信息)
int myPtrToPreparsedData = -1;
int result1 = HidD_GetPreparsedData(handle, ref myPtrToPreparsedData);
HIDP_CAPS myHIDP_CAPS = new HIDP_CAPS();
int result2 = HidP_GetCaps(myPtrToPreparsedData, ref myHIDP_CAPS);
reportLength = myHIDP_CAPS.InputReportByteLength;
再补充点，释放设备资源的时候需要用到
//释放设备的访问
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
internal static extern int CloseHandle(int hObject);
//释放设备
[DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true)]
internal static extern IntPtr SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(IntPtr DeviceInfoSet);
public void Dispost()
{
//释放设备资源(hDevInfo是SetupDiGetClassDevs获取的)
SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(hDevInfo);
//关闭连接(HidHandle是Create的时候获取的)
CloseHandle(HidHandle);
}
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
internal static extern int CloseHandle(int hObject);
//释放设备
[DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true)]
internal static extern IntPtr SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(IntPtr DeviceInfoSet);
public void Dispost()
{
//释放设备资源(hDevInfo是SetupDiGetClassDevs获取的)
SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(hDevInfo);
//关闭连接(HidHandle是Create的时候获取的)
CloseHandle(HidHandle);
}
ok 了.
